Purpose: Mother tongue is considered as an important part of the human identity. The objective of this study was to investigate mother tongue training as a multicultural category and its impacts and consequences.Methodology: This study was applied in terms of the objective, and descriptive and research synthesis in terms of method. The study population was studies on mother tongue, mother tongue training, multiculturalism, cultural diversity and systematic training in the last ten years. Among them, 183 studies were selected by purposeful sampling method after investigating the inclusion criteria and entered the final synthesis. The data were analyzed by content analysis.Findings: The results showed that most of the studies had a positive view of multiculturalism and believed that the rights of minorities and individual differences should be taken into account. Regarding mother tongue training or training in the mother tongue can help strengthen national solidarity. The structure of curricula in some places requires more revision and flexibility. The teachers, learners and parents had a positive attitude towards training in the mother tongue, and teachers should have special competence to teach in multicultural education centers, for which in-service training can be used. Training in the mother tongue improves psychological and social conditions, academic performance, self-confidence, learning, writing skills of learners in the training environment and even easier learning of second and third languages.Conclusion: Regarding the impacts and consequences of mother tongue training as a multicultural category, professionals and planners should look at mother tongue training or training in mother tongue as a necessity and plan to implement it. Manuscript profile