هدف از این آزمایش بررسی اثرات جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان مکمل شده با آنزیم پروتئاز بر فلور میکربی روده، پی اچ محتویات سنگدان و روده کور و صفات اندام های درونی بدن در مرغ های تخم گذار می باشد. مجموعا، 120 قطعه مرغ تخم گذار سویه بونز وایت از سن 77 تا 86 هفتگی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. آزمایش فوق شامل 6 تیمار، 5 تکرار و 4 قطعه مرغ در هر تکرار است. این مطالعه در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی و بصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل 2×3 (سطوح صفر، 45 و 90 درصد جایگزینی کنجاله آفتابگردان با کنجاله سویا) و آنزیم پروتئاز (صفر و 200 گرم در تن) انجام شد. جهت بررسی فلور میکربی (باکتری های تولید کننده اسید لاکتیک و اشریشیاکلی) از محتویات روده کور پرنده ها در سن 86 هفتگی نمونه برداری شد. سپس پی اچ محتویات سنگدان و روده کور و صفات اندام های درونی بدن اندازه گیری شدند. جمعیت باکتری های تولید کننده اسید لاکتیک و اشریشیاکلی و پی اچ سنگدان و روده کور تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند (05/0P>). سطح 45 درصد جایگزینی کنجاله آفتابگردان در جیره، طول دئودنوم را بطور معنی داری نسبت به سایر تیمارها افزایش داد (05/0P<). سطوح 45 و 90 درصد جایگزینی کنجاله آفتابگردان، وزن سنگدان را بطور معنی داری نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش دادند (05/0P<). بطور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که جایگزینی کنجاله آفتابگردان به جای کنجاله سویا و آنزیم پروتئاز هیچگونه اثر معنی داری بر جمعیت میکربی روده کور و پی اچ دستگاه گوارش نداشت ولی افزایش سطح کنجاله آفتابگردان در جیره، طول دئودنوم و وزن سنگدان مرغ های تخم گذار را افزایش داد. Manuscript profile

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soy bean meal (SBM) by cottonseed meal (CSM) with or without of protease enzymes, on performance, in-vitro protein digestibility, carcass characteristics, gastrointestinal morphology and hematological parameters in broilers. A total 450 one-day-old mixed sex broiler chickens Ross 308 were managed in 6 treatments, 5 replicates and 15 chickens in each in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments consist of: treatment 1 (0% CSM, -protease), treatment 2 (0% CSM, +protease), treatment 3 (20% CSM, -protease), treatment 4 (20% CSM, +protease), treatment 5 (30% CSM, -protease), treatment 6 (30% CSM, +protease). The results have shown that there were no significant affected on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio by various treatments in starter period (P>0.05). Digestive organs and body weight were not affected by treatments at 27 days of age. Breasts weight was significantly increased by 20% replacement SBM with CSM (P<0.05). Protein digestibility was increased significantly by protease enzymes and in vitro method. Serum cholesterol levels reduced by enhanced levels of replacement CSM (P<0.05). There was concluded that no adverse effects were found by replacing 30% SBM with CSM on performance status, as well as improved in vitro protein digestibility. Manuscript profile

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ground or whole wheat and triticale on productive performance, egg quality, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and nutrient digestibility in laying Japanese quails. A total of 210 laying Japanese quails at 18 to 26 weeks of age were used. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with five treatments: a control diet was based on corn and soybean meal, two grain sources (wheat and triticale) and two physical forms of grain (ground and whole). Each treatment was replicated 6 times and the experimental unit was a cage with 7 birds each. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by grain source, except for the average daily feed intake (ADFI), which was decreased by triticale but not wheat (P=0513). Average daily feed intake and egg production were higher in the group fed with whole grain versus the group fed with ground grain (p <0.05). Yolk color decreased by wheat or triticale compared with the control group (p <0.05). Relative weights of the liver, proventriculus, pancreas, gizzard and cecum were not affected by any of the treatments. The pH of the jejunum (P=0.0014), cecum (p <0.05), and intestinal viscosity increased (p <0.001) by feeding whole than ground grain. Dry matter digestibility (p <0.01), decreased by triticale but not wheat (p <0.05). In conclusion, ground triticale inclusion in the diet had a negative effect on ADFI, egg production and nutrient digestibility but feeding whole grain improved the productive performance and dry matter digestibility in laying quails. Manuscript profile