This study tried to find typological criteria at the building scale and for housing specifically. In this study type and typology have been analyzed into the etymological origin and architectural origin. Firstly four developing stages based on methodological and historical interpretation have been analyzed; Rationalist philosophy of the enlightenment, Modernist ideology, Neo-rationalism after the 1960s, and the last relates to Neo-traditionalism. After that, the problem of modern discontinuity and morphology as a cure for temporal chaos of types has been analyzed. Secondly, practical schools of morphology, type, and typology have been reviewed into three categories of British, Italian, and French schools. Thirdly it has been a comparison between British and Italian schools as well as the Conzenian and Caniggian approaches to typology. After that typology at the architectural and building scale has been analyzed and discussed, then typological criteria at the building scale have been concluded and discussed. Finally, typological criteria for Sabzevar houses have been compiled into five categories: outline, arrangement, building layout, building façade, and building material. The research method is based on the documentary research method. 45 sub-criteria have been selected from the literature review in general, and with the Delphi method, 15 sub-criteria have been extracted from them. Questionnaires were distributed among 10 experts through the snowball method. Typological criteria for Sabzervar’s housing have been studied for the first time in this study and it is never been dealt with anywhere before. Therefore in this study housing typology criteria have been compiled and prioritize at building scale for the first time in Sabzevar city. Manuscript profile

The destruction of historic residential buildings of Sabzevar city in recent renovations has increased the need for documenting the housing of Sabzevar. Documenting these buildings requires recognition of indigenous and original patterns that can be interpreted as a "housing types". In this article, typology of Sabzevar city’s houses and its analysis in order to explanation continuity of physical identity of Sabzevar city’s Houses have been specifically discussed. The main questions of this study are “What are the types of houses in Sabzevar City?” and also “How has the continuity of physical identity been in the housing types of Sabzevar city?” and to answer to these questions, the study uses cases study method combined within analytical-descriptive method. Based on this study, it can be claimed that “typology” and “typological process” are suitable processes for analyzing the “continuity” of physical identity. The results show that there are fifteen types of housing in the city of Sabzevar from the Qajar until now, among which, five types are related to the Qajar, five types are related to the first Pahlavi, two types are related to the second Pahlavi and three types are related to the Islamic Republic. The results of analysis of typology of Sabzevar city’s houses indicate that the types of houses in Sabzevar city have characteristics such as distinction, change and plurality due to the passage of time, and the houses of this city has lost its physical identity due to the passage of time. Manuscript profile

یکی از درخشان‌ترین دوره‌های معماری ایران پس از ورود اسلام، دوره‌ صفوی است. اما شاید تاریخ معماری آن نسبت به دوره‌های سلجوقی، ایلخانی و تیموری ناشناخته مانده ‌است. شاید با معناترین بنا در شهراسلامی، مسجد باشد. معماری مسجد، علاوه بر رعایت اصول کاربردی وتزیینی، بر مفاهیمی دینی‌واعتقادی اشاره دارد. پژوهش حاضر ‌‌دنبال پاسخگویی ‌‌به ‌‌سوال، چه ارتباطی از طریق واکاوی تاریخی تحلیلی مابین حس تعلق‌خاطر و مؤلفه‌های کالبدی مساجد دوره صفوی ‌‌‌وجود دارد؟می‌‌‌باشد. هدف این تحقیق شناسایی ‌وتبیین مؤلفه‌‌های کالبدی در معماری مساجد صفوی، با انجام مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای ‌ومیدانی، و استفاده از روش آمیخته اکتشافی،وسنجش میزان تأثیر مؤلفه‌‌های کالبدی بر میزان تعلق‌خاطر افراد، است. پس از واکاوی تاریخی تحلیلی، شناسایی مؤلفه‌‌های شکل‌دهنده نظام‌کالبدی مساجد صفوی وتایید آنها توسط 73 استادتمام یا دانشیار دانشگاه‌های کشور در حوزه معماری اسلامی، دسته‌بندی نظام‌کالبدی در 5 دسته مؤلفهکالبدی-‌سازمان ‌فضایی-نور-کالبد و هندسه-سلسله ‌مراتب صورت گرفت و معیارهای موثر بر افزایش حس تعلق‌خاطر، ‌استخراج شد. دو مدل پرسشنامه طبق طیف ‌لیکرت تنظیم و با روش مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری، روابط بین متغیرها و میزان تأثیر آنها در مساجدامام‌خمینی، شیخ‌لطف‌الله، حکیم‌وآقانور بدلیل مشابهت چهار مسجد با یکدیگر از جهات مختلف، صورت گرفت. یافته‌‌های تحقیق وجود رابطه معنادار بین مؤلفه‌‌های نظام‌کالبدی با میزان حس تعلق‌خاطر نمازگزاران را نشان می‌‌‌دهد، که درآن میزان تأثیرگذاری مؤلفه‌کالبدی از 5 دسته مؤلفه ذکرشده، ‌بیشتر بود. همچنین وجود مؤلفه‌‌های نظام‌کالبدی درکنار هم، سبب ایجاد حس تعلق‌خاطر به آن مسجد شده؛ودر نهایت اگر در مساجد جدید، ‌مؤلفه‌های نظام کالبدی به صورت مناسب و هماهنگ با هم تعریف شوند، حس تعلق‌خاطر در نمازگزاران افزوده می‌گردد. Manuscript profile