The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of dynamic written corrective feedback (WCF) in helping students to write better narrative essays. In fact, this study investigated the effect of dynamic WCF on writing abilities such as accuracy, fluency and complexity. Fifty four students from intermediate level from two classes in Iranian Academic center of Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Guilan Branch were selected for the study. The subjects were being prepared for the IELTS exam. They were assigned to two treatment groups, first an experimental group that received dynamic WCF, and second a control group that did not receive dynamic WCF approach but they were taught based on traditional approach. Each group was given eight forty-minute sessions of treatment time. The subjects were tested before treatment, and also after the treatment. In order to answer the research questions, independent t-tests were run and it indicated that dynamic WCF affected students` performance on writing accuracy and grammar instruction, fluency and complexity more. Manuscript profile

The study aimed to investigate the application of Digital Literacy to Lexical and grammatical accuracy of Iranian EFL learners and determine whether dynamic assessors could benefit from the literacy. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the ways in which young students are developing computer and information literacy (CIL) to support their capacity to participate in the digital age. Further, this study explored the mediating role of teachers’ digital literacy between educational strategy use and dynamic assessment. The participants of the study, 230 young adult-male and female EFL teachers aged between 22 to 42 years old at different language institutes in several cities of Mazandaran province, Iran, were selected based on a snowball sampling method and were delivered two questionnaires. Following a multiple case study design to addresses the characteristics, and major cases of strategy use for teachers. Therefore, the paper used qualitative methods to gather data. The major advantage of multiple case research lies in cross-case analysis and changes the focus from realizing a single case to the differences and similarities between views. Finally, the results revealed that the social practices of literacy change due to the use of digital technologies. The findings provide further attitude into understanding how to probe the purposes where they have been formed and used in conceptualizing digital literacy Manuscript profile

Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is an approach that tries to enable the individuals to make major changes to their behaviors in order to achieve their objectives. The present study strived to determine the degree to which (NLP) influenced Iranian EFL learners’ language proficiency and self-efficacy. To this end, first, the researchers non-randomly selected 50 intermediate-level male EFL learners from among the learners of two intact classrooms of a private language institute in Rasht (Iran) as the participants based on their results on a placement test. Second, they randomly appointed one of these classes as the NLP group and the other class as the control group. Third, they administered Fowler and Coe’s (1976) Nelson English Language Proficiency Test, and Wang, Kim, Bai, and Hu’s (2014) Self-Efficacy Questionnaire to the NLP group and the control group as the pretests prior to the onset of the treatment of the study. Fourth, they provided the NLP group with NLP treatment in 10 sessions during a 5-week period. Notwithstanding, the control group did not receive the above-mentioned NLP treatment. Finally, subsequent to the end of the treatment sessions, the researchers administered the above-mentioned proficiency test and self-efficacy questionnaire to the participants the posttests. SPSS 24 was used to perform the data analysis of the present study. The result of the study highlighted the fact that NLP significantly ameliorated the participants’ language proficiency and self-efficacy. The results may provide EFL teacher educators, syllabus designers, and teachers with guiding principles regarding NLP in foreign language contexts. Manuscript profile

In this study, attempts were made to explore the impact of peer-assisted mediation and teacher intervention on the attitudes of Iranian intermediate English learners towards reading comprehension, within an intrusive dynamic assessment approach. For this purpose, 60 male language learners were selected and homogenized by applying the Oxford Placement Test (OPT) as the main participants of the study. They were randomly divided into three groups: Experimental group (GA), Peer mediation, Experimental group (GB), and Instructor intervention group (GC)—control group. An attitude questionnaire was administered to the participants in all three groups to collect the necessary data. Then the treatment started and lasted 12 sessions. Each group of participants received a specific treatment. The post-test was administered at the end of the treatment. Analysis of the results showed that peer-assisted mediation and teacher intervention in intrusive dynamic assessment had significant impacts on the reading comprehension attitudes of Iranian intermediate English learners. The findings of the study offered some pedagogical implications for language teachers and textbook developers. Manuscript profile

Collaborative Reading Strategies could help language learners to develop a more teamwork environment for students. and in this research study, researchers investigate the effect of peer-assisted mediation vs. tutor-intervention within interventionist dynamic assessment on the reading comprehension of Iranian intermediate learners. For this purpose, 60 language learners were recruited as the main participants of the study. They were divided into three groups: Experimental group A as peer-mediation, experimental group B as tutor-intervention, group C as control. After this, a pre-test of reading comprehension was given to all the groups. Each group of participants received their own treatment. The treatment took 12 sessions. One session was allocated to proficiency test and pretest and one session for posttest. At the end of the treatment the post test was administered. Findings suggested that involving learners in literature peer mediation and tutor intervention in an interventionist dynamic atmosphere can have significantly positive effects on their reading comprehension. The results of the findings could help language learners to make decision about their own learning experience. They, could also become autonomous who will have enough courage to participate in group discussion. Finding out the effect of interventionist dynamic assessment either with the help of classmates (more knowledgeable peers) or teachers on language skills such as reading comprehension can be of high importance in an EFL context. Iranian EFL teachers and materials developers can benefit from the findings of this study by providing students with suitable tasks based on their assessment needs. Manuscript profile

Collaborative reading strategies could help language learners to develop a more teamwork environment for students. Moreover, in this research study, researchers investigate the effect of peer-assisted mediation versus. tutor intervention within the interventionist dynamic assessment on the reading comprehension of intermediate EFL learners. For this purpose, 60 language learners were recruited as the main participants of the study. They were divided into three groups: experimental group A as peer-mediation, experimental group B as tutor-intervention, group C as control. After this, a pretest of reading comprehension was given to all the groups. Each group of participants underwent the treatment which lasted 12 sessions. One session was allocated to the proficiency test and pretest and one session for the posttest. At the end of the treatment, the posttest was administered. The findings suggested that involving learners in literature peer mediation and tutor intervention in an interventionist dynamic atmosphere can significantly and positively affect their reading comprehension. The results of the findings could help language learners to decide their own learning experience. Furthermore, EFL teachers and materials developers can benefit from the findings of this study by providing students with practical tasks based on their assessment needs. Manuscript profile

The current research investigates the impact of two types of corrective feedback such as elicitation, and clarification requests - out of five types of corrective feedback - on the speaking abilities of Iranian intermediate EFL learners who are either introverts or extroverts. Participants in the study included 172 intermediate level students in 11 groups: 10 experimental and 1 control groups. They were language learners studying English in The Iran Language Institute in three branches: two branches in Babol, and one in Sari. The tools applied in this quasi-experimental research were: Oxford Placement Test (OPT) to achieve the homogeneity of the groups, speaking section of IELTS as pre-test and post-test and a Learning Style Survey to examine extraversion and introversion. ANCOVA and two-way ANOVA statistics were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the extroverts had better performance in elicitation while the introverts had better performance in clarification corrective feedback. Employing the findings of the study, teachers can create a supportive and inclusive atmosphere that encourages both introverted and extroverted learners to participate and engage in speaking activities. Manuscript profile

Abstract This study aimed to examine the effects of a teacher education course on EFL teachers’ self-efficacy in formative assessment. The researchers employed a mixed-method design that combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to investigate the effects of the course. Thirty EFL teachers participated in the study and completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires to assess their formative assessment self-efficacy beliefs. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather qualitative data on teachers’ beliefs about formative assessment. The quantitative data were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests, and thematic analysis was conducted for the qualitative data. The results indicated a significant increase in teachers’ formative assessment self-efficacy beliefs. The findings suggest that providing teacher education courses focused on formative assessment can effectively enhance EFL teachers’ self-efficacy and utilization of such assessment methods in online classroom. The current study has some pedagogical implications and recommendations for the implementation of similar courses and potential areas for future research are also discussed. Manuscript profile