Investigating the functional and environmental effects of Ophiopogon japonicus and Festuca ovina glauca under the influence of growth-promoting bacteria and types of recycled water in the vertical green system

Subject Areas : Environmental physiology

Mansoure Jozay ¹ , Hossein Zarei ² , Sara Khorasaninejad ³ , Taghi Miri ⁴

1 - Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran,
2 - گرگان- میدان بسیج- کوی افسران- افسان 2- سقایی 3 پ 7
3 - Deptartment of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
4 - 2. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Received: 2023-05-22 Accepted : 2024-05-17 Published : 2024-09-24

Keywords: Dry climate, Sustainable future of cities, Thermal and humidity adjustment, External green wall, Water use efficiency, Accumulator ornamental species.,

Abstract :

Vegetation in cities is decreasing due to rapid urbanization and population growth. The development of vertical green infrastructure significantly helps to compensate for the lack of natural environment in urban areas. External green walls with their environmental impact and performance are necessary to improve the livability of cities. Considering the emergence of urban green walls and, on the other hand, the serious water crisis, the use of recycled water in these green structures becomes more important. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of different types of unconventional and bacterial strains on the growth and performance of some acclumatur accumulator ornamental plants in the external green wall in two separate experiments and in the form of split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2022. The main factor of recycled water treatment included three levels (grey water, waste water of Kashfroud area and urban water (control)), and the sub-factor of different bacterial strains in four levels and the control was without the use of bacteria. Also, the investigated plant species included (Festuca ovina glauca, Ophiopogon japonicus). All functional traits showed significant differences at the 5% probability level. The highest number of flowers, the number of leaves, and the highest biomass and water use efficiency in Ophiopogon japonicus were observed in substrates inoculated with B3 compound and irrigated with wastewater. However, in the Festuca ovina glauca, the most functional traits mentioned were in the substrates inoculated with B1 compound and irrigated with gray water. The combination of the substrates with combination B3 and then the combination of B2 and irrigation with wastewater was effective in adjusting the temperature and humidity of two lawns in all three seasons of the study.