Determination of lead concentration in chicken liver and breast tissues in a number of poultry farms in Qom and Semnan provinces
Subject Areas :
Food Science and Technology
S. Faryabi
1
,
Z. Ghafuri
2
,
H. Haghbin
3
,
R. Badiei
4
,
M. Ghorbiani
5
1 - Ph.D Student of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Ph.D Student of Health and Quality Control of Food, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
3 - Ph.D of Clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
4 - Ph.D Student of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, science Research Branch, Iran
5 - Ph.D Student of Bird Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
Received: 2019-08-24
Accepted : 2019-12-02
Published : 2019-11-22
Keywords:
Lead,
atomic absorption,
aviculture,
Heavy metals,
Abstract :
Poultry meat is considered as a source of animal protein with high biological amino acids, many vitamins, and minerals. Food contamination with heavy metals is a major threat to humans and animals. Long-term exposure could have detrimental effects. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of lead in breast and liver tissues in poultry farms of Qom and Semnan provinces. A total of 50 samples of poultry production fields was randomly selected. After acid digestion, atomic absorption with the furnace was exploited to measure the lead concentrations. Based on statistical analysis, no significant difference was observed between the samples obtained from the two cities. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.05) difference was determined between the concentration of lead in the liver (0.40 ± 0.08 mg/kg) and breast tissue (0.28 ± 0.07 mg/kg) with the maximum allowance approved by the International Standard (0.1 mg/kg). The high levels of lead in the internal organs of the chickens could have originated from anthropogenic activities in the environment, contaminated feeds, and water fed to the chickens. Lead contamination in chicken is a potential public health hazard. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the concentration of lead in poultry meat and offal.
References:
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· Abdullah Alkhalaf, N., Khaled Osman, A., Ahmed Salam, K. (2010). Monitoring of aflatoxins and heavy metals in some poultry feeds. African Journal of food science. 4(4): 192-199.
· Alkmim Filho, J.F., Germano, A., Dibai, W.L.S., Vargas, E.A., Melo, M.M. (2014). Assessment of heavy metal residues in Brazilian poultry and swine tissue. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 66(2): 471-480.
· AOAC official method (1999). 999.11: Determination of lead, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, and Zinc in Foods Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.
· Doganoc, D.Z. (1996). Distribution of lead, cadmium, and zinc in tissues of hens and chickens from Slovenia. Bull. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 57(6): 932 -937
· Fakayode, S.O. and Olu-Owolabi, I.B. (2003). Trace metal content andestimated daily human intake from chicken eggs in Ibadan, Nigeria. Environmental Health An International Journal. 58(4):245–251.
· FAO/WHO.Joint Expert Committee on FoodAdditives, FAO/WHO. (1989) WHO Technical Report Series No. 776. Evaluation of certain food additives andcontaminants, Geneva.
· Ferreyra, H., Beldomenico, P.M., Marchese, K., Romano, M., Caselli, A., Correa, AI, et al., (2015). Lead exposure affects health indices in free-ranging ducks in Argentina. Ecotoxicology. 24(4): 735–45,
· Fiezabadi, Y. (2014). Concentration index and its effecton the market margin in poultry slaughterindustry of mazandaran province. Iranian Journal Of Trade Studies; 18(71): 161-180 [In Persian]
· Gonzalez-Weller, D., Karlsson, L., Caballero, A., Hernandez, F., Gutierrez, A., Gonzalez-Iglesias, T., et al., (2006). Lead and cadmium in meat and meat products consumed by the population in Tenerife Island, Spain. Food Additives and Contaminants. 23(8): 757-763.
· Grace, E.J. and MacFarlane, G.R. (2016). Assessment of the bioaccumulation of metals to chicken eggs from residential backyards. Science of the Total Environment Journal. 2016(1):563–564.
· Ismail, S.A. and Abolghai, S.K. (2013). Estimation of lead and cadmium residual levels in chicken giblets at retail markets in Ismailia city, Egypt. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine. 1(2): 109-112.
· Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. ISIRI. (2010). Food & feed – maximum limit of heavy metals. Inst Stand Indus Res Iran 12968:15. 9586. [In Persian]
· Kim, J. and Oh, J.M. (2014). Trace element concentrations in eggshells and egg contents of blacktailed gull (Larus crassirostris) from Korea. Ecotoxicology. 23(7): 1147–52,
· Mahmoud, M.A.M. and Abdel-Mohsein, H.S. (2015). Health risk assessment of heavy metals for Egyptian population via consumption of poultry edibles. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal; 3(1): 58-70.
· Mariam, I.S. and Nagre, S. (2004). Distribution of Some Trace and Macro Minerals in Beef, Mutton and Poultry. International Journal of Agric and Biology. 6(5): 816-820.
· Miranda, M., Lopez-Alonso M., Castillo C., Hernadez J., Benedito J.L. (2005). Effect of Moderate pollution on toxic and trace metal levels in calves from a polluted area of Northern Spain. Enviroment International. 31(4): 543-548.
· Okoye, P., Ajiwe, V., Okeke, O., Ujah, I., Asalu, U., Okeke, D. (2015). Estimation of Heavy Metal Levels in the Muscle, Gizzard, Liver and Kidney of Broiler, Layer and Local (Cockerel) Chickens Raised within Awka Metropolis and Its Environs, Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Protection. 6(6): 609-613
· Reem, H., Manal, E., Hanady, M. (2012). Assessment of heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) contents in livers of chicken available in the local markets of Basrah city, Iraq. Basra Journal of Veterinary Research. 11(1): 43-51.
· Rokni, N. (2010). Principles of Food Hygiene. Tehran: Tehran University Press [In Persian]
· Sadeghi, A., Hashemi, M., Jamali-Behnam, F., Zohani, A., Esmaily, H., Dehghan, A. (2015). Determination of Chromium, Lead and Cadmium Levels in Edible Organs of Marketed Chickens in Mashhad, Iran. Journal Food Qual Hazard Control; 2(4): 134-138 [In Persian]
· Shokrzadeh, M., Abdollahi, M., Malekirad, A.A., Mohseni, H.S., Bayrami, z., Khaksar, S., et al. (2014). Reviewing the lead and cadmium concentrations of Arak traffic officer’s andtaxi drivers’ blood in 2013, Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 23(2): 29–35 [In Persian]
· Spliethoff, H.M., Mitchell, R.G., Ribaudo, L.N., Taylor, O., Shayler, H.A., Greene, V., et al. (2014). Lead in New York City community chicken eggs: influential factors and health implications. Environmental Geochemistry and Health; 36(4): 633–49.
