Identification of Heavy Metal Contents (Lead and Tin) in Refined, Unrefined and Beeswax Honeys in Zanjan Province.
Subject Areas :
Food Science and Technology
samira nabilou
1
,
abbasali motallebi
2
,
H. Sheikhloie
3
1 - Food Engineering graduate student, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh Branch, Maragheh, Iran
2 - Professor of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor of Chemical and Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh branch, Maragheh, Iran
Received: 2016-12-12
Accepted : 2017-06-21
Published : 2017-12-22
Keywords:
tin,
Honey,
Lead,
Abstract :
Among environmental contaminants, heavy metals are the most dangerous pollutants. heavy metals are a major environmental impact. The purpose of present study was to identify Lead and Tin heavy metals in refined, unrefined and beeswax honey in Zanjan Province. In this study, 30 samples of honey were randomly collected from the honey supply at retails of Zanjan province. Determination of Lead and Tin concentrations were applied by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. According to the results, the highest concentrations of lead and tin were found (116 ppb and 221.27 ppm) in beeswax honey. The reason for the high levels of tin in honey wax is storage of honey in tinned cans. Moreover, the reason for the high contamination of lead in honey samples could be environmental contaminants caused by nearby factories in the region. Comparison of the average heavy metals honey by the standards of the WHO also indicates that lead and tin in all types of tested honey were less than the approved limit (220 ppb). Tin concentration in unrefined and refined honey was less than the standard limit; however, in beeswax honey, it was close to the standard (250 ppm). Besides, beeswax and tin had a remarkable effect on the amount of lead. It was concluded, honey at Zanjan province was wholesome based on Lead and Tin contaminants.
References:
· Bahraini, R., Mirhadi, A., Javaheri, D. and Talebi, M. (2006). The study of heavy metals in honey, bee pollen and adult bees body of Tehran province. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge, 60: 247. [In Persian]
· Bilandzic, N., Dokic, M. and Sedak, M. (2011). Determination of trace elements in Croatian. Food Chemistry, (128): 1160–1164.
· Bonyadian, M., Moshtaghi, H., Nematollahi, A. and Naghavi, Z. (2012). Check the amount of lead, tin, copper and cadmium in canned fish produced in Iran. Journal of Food Science, 8(29): 27-32. [In Persian]
· Eby, G.N. (2004). Sediment dynamics and pollutant mobility in rivers: An interdisciplinary approach. Research & Management, 9: (1), 25–40.
· Erbilir, F. and Özlem, E. (2005). Determination of heavy metals in honey in Kahramanmaraş City, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 109(1-3): 181-187.
· Fakhimzadeh, K. and Lodenius, M. (2000). Heavy metals in Finnish honey, pollen and honey bees. Apiacta, 35 (2): 85-95.
· Garcia, W.J.C.W., Blessin, G., Inglett, E. and Kwolek, W.F. (2003). Metal accumulation and crop yield for a variety of edible crops grown in diverse soil media amended with sewage sludge. Environmental Science and Technology, 15(7): 793-804.
· ISIRI (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran), (2008). Determination of lead, cadmium, copper, Iron, and zinc - Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 1st edition, ISIRI No. 9266. [In Persian]
· ISIRI (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran), (2008). Canned foods- Determination of tin- Using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. 1st edition, ISIRI No. 9265. [In Persian]
· Jelinek, C.F. (1982). Levels of Tin in the United States food supply. Association of Annals Chemists, 65(4): 942-964.
· Mahmoudi, R., Gajarbeygi, P. and Emami, J. (2015). Honey contamination with heavy metals in Iran. Qazvin Journal of Medical Sciences, 18 (5): 67-70. [In Persian]
· Mbiri, A. Onditi, A. Oyaro, N. and Murago, E. (2011). Determination of essential and heavy metals in Kenyan honey by atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, Journal of Agriculture and Technology, 13(1): 107-113.
· Moshtaghi, H., Vakilzadeh, A. (2009). Levels of some heavy metals in honey produced by Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Food Chemistry and Toxicology heading the panel. Iranian Veterinary Congress, COI: THVC15-694. [In Persian]
· Mozafarzogh, M. (2016). Investigation of heavy metals (Hg, Pb) in honey East Azerbaijan and Ardebil states. Professional Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. [In Persian]
· Piran, F., Emamifar, A. and Nazemirafee, J. (2015). Investigate the relationship between the accumulation of heavy metals orientation arsenic, lead and selenium in honey Kurdistan province with the amount of these elements in the soil. National Conference on Advances in Science and Engineering Base, Tehran, Zmynkavy Research Center. [In Persian]
· Pohl, P. (2009). Determination of metal content in honey by atomic absorption and emission spectrometries. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 28(1): 117-128.
· Saadatmand, J. (2011). The healing properties of honey. (1th Edition), Publishing and Printing Institute Parto Vaghee, pp. 46-53. [In Persian]
· Saghaei, S., Ekici, H., Demirbas, M., Yarsan, E. and Tumer, L. (2012). Determination of the metal contents of honey samples from Urmia in Iran. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 18 (2): 281-284.
· Tarley, C.R.T., Coltro, W.K.T., Matsushita, M. and Souza, N.E. (2001). Characteristic levels of some heavy metals from Brazilian canned sardines (Sardinella brasiliensis). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, (14): 611-617.
· Velayatzadeh Sari, M. and Abdullahi, S. (2011). Review and compare accumulation of mercury, cadmium and lead in muscle and liver Shlj the Karun River. Journal of Animal Ecology. 2(4): 65-72. [In Persian]
· Wang, J. and Chen, C. (2006). Biosorption of metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 24: 427- 451.
· Yang, Y.G., Jin, Z., Bi, X., Li, F., Sun, L., Liu, J. and Fu, Z. (2009). Atmospheric deposition- carried Pb, Zn, and Cd from a Zinc smelter and their effect on soil microorganisms. Pedospher, 19, 422-42.
_||_
· Bahraini, R., Mirhadi, A., Javaheri, D. and Talebi, M. (2006). The study of heavy metals in honey, bee pollen and adult bees body of Tehran province. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge, 60: 247. [In Persian]
· Bilandzic, N., Dokic, M. and Sedak, M. (2011). Determination of trace elements in Croatian. Food Chemistry, (128): 1160–1164.
· Bonyadian, M., Moshtaghi, H., Nematollahi, A. and Naghavi, Z. (2012). Check the amount of lead, tin, copper and cadmium in canned fish produced in Iran. Journal of Food Science, 8(29): 27-32. [In Persian]
· Eby, G.N. (2004). Sediment dynamics and pollutant mobility in rivers: An interdisciplinary approach. Research & Management, 9: (1), 25–40.
· Erbilir, F. and Özlem, E. (2005). Determination of heavy metals in honey in Kahramanmaraş City, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 109(1-3): 181-187.
· Fakhimzadeh, K. and Lodenius, M. (2000). Heavy metals in Finnish honey, pollen and honey bees. Apiacta, 35 (2): 85-95.
· Garcia, W.J.C.W., Blessin, G., Inglett, E. and Kwolek, W.F. (2003). Metal accumulation and crop yield for a variety of edible crops grown in diverse soil media amended with sewage sludge. Environmental Science and Technology, 15(7): 793-804.
· ISIRI (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran), (2008). Determination of lead, cadmium, copper, Iron, and zinc - Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 1st edition, ISIRI No. 9266. [In Persian]
· ISIRI (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran), (2008). Canned foods- Determination of tin- Using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. 1st edition, ISIRI No. 9265. [In Persian]
· Jelinek, C.F. (1982). Levels of Tin in the United States food supply. Association of Annals Chemists, 65(4): 942-964.
· Mahmoudi, R., Gajarbeygi, P. and Emami, J. (2015). Honey contamination with heavy metals in Iran. Qazvin Journal of Medical Sciences, 18 (5): 67-70. [In Persian]
· Mbiri, A. Onditi, A. Oyaro, N. and Murago, E. (2011). Determination of essential and heavy metals in Kenyan honey by atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, Journal of Agriculture and Technology, 13(1): 107-113.
· Moshtaghi, H., Vakilzadeh, A. (2009). Levels of some heavy metals in honey produced by Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Food Chemistry and Toxicology heading the panel. Iranian Veterinary Congress, COI: THVC15-694. [In Persian]
· Mozafarzogh, M. (2016). Investigation of heavy metals (Hg, Pb) in honey East Azerbaijan and Ardebil states. Professional Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. [In Persian]
· Piran, F., Emamifar, A. and Nazemirafee, J. (2015). Investigate the relationship between the accumulation of heavy metals orientation arsenic, lead and selenium in honey Kurdistan province with the amount of these elements in the soil. National Conference on Advances in Science and Engineering Base, Tehran, Zmynkavy Research Center. [In Persian]
· Pohl, P. (2009). Determination of metal content in honey by atomic absorption and emission spectrometries. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 28(1): 117-128.
· Saadatmand, J. (2011). The healing properties of honey. (1th Edition), Publishing and Printing Institute Parto Vaghee, pp. 46-53. [In Persian]
· Saghaei, S., Ekici, H., Demirbas, M., Yarsan, E. and Tumer, L. (2012). Determination of the metal contents of honey samples from Urmia in Iran. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 18 (2): 281-284.
· Tarley, C.R.T., Coltro, W.K.T., Matsushita, M. and Souza, N.E. (2001). Characteristic levels of some heavy metals from Brazilian canned sardines (Sardinella brasiliensis). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, (14): 611-617.
· Velayatzadeh Sari, M. and Abdullahi, S. (2011). Review and compare accumulation of mercury, cadmium and lead in muscle and liver Shlj the Karun River. Journal of Animal Ecology. 2(4): 65-72. [In Persian]
· Wang, J. and Chen, C. (2006). Biosorption of metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 24: 427- 451.
· Yang, Y.G., Jin, Z., Bi, X., Li, F., Sun, L., Liu, J. and Fu, Z. (2009). Atmospheric deposition- carried Pb, Zn, and Cd from a Zinc smelter and their effect on soil microorganisms. Pedospher, 19, 422-42.
