The predictive roles of emotional schemas and difficulties in emotion regulation in high-risk behaviors among female university students

Subject Areas : Educational

Arezou Asghari ¹ , Hanieh Mianabadi ²

1 - Humanities Department, Kosar University of Bojnord, North Khorasan, Iran.
2 - Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Gorgan, Golestan, Iran.

Received: 2018-05-12 Accepted : 2018-10-02 Published : 2018-10-23

Keywords: emotional schemas, high-risk behaviors, difficulties in emotion regulation, female university students,

Abstract :

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of emotional schemas and difficulties in emotion regulation in high-risk behaviors among university students. The research method was descriptive and correlational, and statistical population included all students from Kosar University of Bojnord. The Sample of 325 (female) students were selected by random cluster sampling. Research tools were the Young’s Risk Behavior Scale (YRBS; Brener et al, 1995), Emotional Schemas Scale (LESS; Leahy, 2002) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004). To analyze the data, methods of descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression were employed. Findings indicated that some components of Emotional Schemas like, Emotional Self-awareness, Consensus, and Acceptance of feelings were negatively and Comprehensibility, Rumination, Guilt, and blame were positively associated with high-risk behaviors. In addition, some factors of difficulties in emotion regulation such as, Difficulties Engaging in Goal-Directed Behavior, Impulse Control Difficulties, Lack of Emotional Awareness, Limited Access to Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Lack of Emotional Clarity were predicted high-risk behaviors. Findings of present study showed that failure in the perception and dysregulation of emotions may susceptible a person to experience emotional distress which probably high risk behaviors was chosen as a mean to relieve negative emotions. Findings of present study showed that Failure in the perception and dysregulation of emotions may susceptible a person to experience emotional distress which probably high risk behaviors was chosen as a mean to relieve negative emotions.

References:

بخشانی، ن. م؛ لشکری پور، ک؛ بخشانی، س؛ و حسین بر، م. (1386). شیوع رفتارهای پرخطر مرتبط با آسیب‌های عمدی و غیرعمدی در دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی سیستان و بلوچستان. مجلة دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، 9 (2)، 15-9.

حسنی، جعفر؛ و میرآقایی، علی‌محمد (1391). رابطة راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان با ایده‌پردازی خودکشی. روانشناسی معاصر، 7 (1)، 72-61.

خانزاده، م؛ ادریسی، ف؛ محمدخانی، ش؛ و سعیدیان، م. (1392). بررسی ساختار عاملی و مشخصات روان‌سنجی مقیاس طرح‌واره‌های هیجانی بر روی دانشجویان، فصلنامة روانشناسی بالینی، 11(3)، 119-91.

خانزاده، م؛ سعیدیان، م؛ حسین چاری، م؛ و ادریس، ف. (1391). ساختار عاملی و ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس دشواری در نظم‌بخشی هیجانی. مجله علوم رفتاری، 6 (1)، 96-87.

صمیمی، ز؛ میرذورقی، ف؛ حسنی، جعفر؛ و ذاکری، م. م. (1395). نقش راهبردهای نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجان و تحمل پریشانی در رفتارهای پرخطر دانشجویان. مجلة تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، 14(1)، 102-92.

قائدنیای جهرمی، ع؛ حسنی، ج؛ فرمانی شهرضا، ش؛ و زراعی، ف. (1395). بررسی راهبردهای نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجان و طرح‌واره‌های هیجانی در مردان مبتلا به سوءمصرف مواد، ترک کرده و افراد بهنجار. مجله سلامت اجتماعی،3 (4)، 318-307.

محمدی، ل؛ تنها، ز؛ و رحمانی، س. (1394). رابطه بین راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان و رفتارهای پرخطر به‌واسطه حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده. فصلنامة پژوهش‌های نوین روان‌شناختی، 10 (39)، 187-161.

معصومی نومندان، س؛ حسنی، ج؛ و حاتمی، م. (1393). نقش طرح‌واره‌های هیجانی در وسوسة سوء‌مصرف مواد. مجلة علوم رفتاری، 8(2)، 138-131.

مهرابی، ح؛ کجباف، م.ب.؛ و مجاهد، ع. (1389). پیش‌بینی رفتارهای پرخطر بر اساس هیجان‌طلبی و عوامل جمعیت شناختی در دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان. مطالعات روان‌شناختی، 6 (2)، 166-141.

Abram, K. M., Choe, J. Y., Washburn, J. J., Teplin, L. A., King, D. C., & Dulcan, M. K. (2008). Suicidal ideation and behaviors among youths in juvenile detention. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(3), 291–300.

Auerbach, R.P., Abela, J. R. Z., Ringo Ho, M. (2007). Responding to symptom of depression and anxiety: Emotion regulation, neuroticism and engagement in risky behaviors. Behavior researchand therapy, 45, 2182-2191.

Cohn A, M., Jakupcakm, M., Seibert, L. A., Hildebrandt, T. B. & Zeichner, A. (2010). The role of emotion dysregulation in the association between men's restrictive emotionality and use of physical aggression. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 11, 53–64.

Elkington K. S., Bauermeister, J. A. & Zimmerman, M.A. (2010). Psychological distress, substance use, and HIV/STI risk behaviors among youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 39, 514–527.

Faria, Y. d.O., Gandolfii, L., & Moura, L. B. A. (2014). Prevalence of risk behaviors in young university students. Acta Paul Enferm, 27(6):591-595.

Ford, J. D., Grasso, D. J., Levine, J., & Tennen, H. (2017). Emotion regulation enhancement of cognitive behavior therapy for college student problem drinkers: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 27, 47-58.

Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.

Gratz, K.L., Tull, M.T. (2010). The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self-harm among inpatients with substance use disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34,544–553.

Hatcher, S. S., King, D. M., Nordberg, A., Bryant, D., & Woolen, C. C. (2018). Suicidality and other health risk behaviors among female youth in juvenile detention. Social Work in Public Health, 33 (2), 114–124.

Hipwell, A., Keenan, K., Loeber, R., & Battista D. (2010). Early predictors of sexually intimate behaviors in an urban sample of young girls. Developmental Psychology, 46, 366–378

Houck, C. D., Hadley, W., Barker, D., Brown, L., K., Hancock, E. & Almy, B. (2016). An emotion regulation intervention to reduce risk behaviors among at-risk early adolescents. Prevention Science, 17(1), 71–82.

Kenney, S., Abar, C. C., O’Brien, K., Clark, G., & LaBrie, J. W. (2016). Trajectories of alcohol use and consequences in college women with and without depressed mood. Addictive Behaviors, 53, 19–22.

Lakon, C.M., Ennett, S.T. & Norton, E. C. (2006). Mechanisms through which drug, sex

partner and friendship network characteristics relate to risky needle use among high risk youth and young adults. Social Science & Medicine, 63, 2484-2484.

Lavender, J. M., & Anderson, D. A. (2010). Contribution of emotion regulation difficulties to disordered eating and body dissatisfaction in college men. International Journal of Eating Disorder, 43, 352–357.

Leahy, R.L. (2002). Model of emotional schemas. Cognitive and behavioral Practice, 9, 177-190.

Leahy R.L., & Kaplan D. (2004). Emotional schemas and relationship adjustment. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy; New Orleans: LA.

Leahy, R. L., Tirch, D., & Napolitano, L. A. (2011). Emotion regulation in psychotherapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Press.

Martinez, M. J., Ayers, S. L., Kulis, S., & Brown, E. (2015). The relationship between peer, parent, and grandparent norms and intentions to use substances for urban American Indian youth. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 24(4), 220–227.

Martínez, S M. A., Leiva, O. A.M., Sotomayor, C. C., Victoriano, R. T., Von Chrismar, P. A. M. & Pineda, B. S. (2012). Cardiovascular risk factors among university students. Rev Méd Chile. 140(4):426-35.

McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M., Douglas, S. Mennin, C., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.. (2011). Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: A prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 544-554.

Monell, E., Hogdahl, L., Mantilla, F.E. & Birgegard, A. (2015). Emotion dysregulation, self-image and eating disorder symptoms in university women. Journal of Eating Disorders, 3(44), 2-11.

Panaghi, L., Mohammadi, S., Poshtmashhadi, M., Zadehmohammadi, A., Ahmadabadi, Z. (2012). High risk behaviors among Iranian adolscents: evaluating the proportion of family factors. Iranian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1 (1), 38-47.

 

Poscia, A., Parente, P., Frisicale, E. M,. Teleman, A. A. Waure, C. d. & Di Pietro, M. L. (2015). Risky behaviours among university students in Italy. Ann Ist Super Sanità, 51(2), 111-115.

Rivers, S. E., Brackett, M. A., Omori, M. Sickler, C., Bertoli, M.C., & Salovey, P. (2013). Emotion

skills as a protective factor for risky behaviors among college students. Journal of College Student Development, 54 (9), 172-183.

Rottenberg, J., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Emotion and emotion regulation: A map for psychotherapy researchers. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14 (4), 323-328.

Tirch, D. D., Leahy, R. L.,Silberstein, L.R.,& Melwani, P. S. (2012). Emotional schemas, psychological flexibility, and anxiety: the role of flexible response patterns to anxious arousal.international. Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(4), 380–391.

Tull, M. T., Weiss, N. H., Adams, C. E, & Gratz, K. L. (2012). The contribution of emotion regulation difficulties to risky sexual behavior within a sample of patients in residential substance abuse treatment. Addictive Behavavior, 37, 1084–1092.

Varela-Mato, V., Cancela, J. M., Ayan, C., Martín, V., & Molina, A. (2012). Lifestyle and
health among Spanish university students: Differences by gender and
academic discipline. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(8), 2728-41.

Vilhena-Churchill, N., & Goldstein, A. L. (2014). Child maltreatment and marijuana problems in young adults: Examining the role of motives and emotion dysregulation. Child Abuse and Neglect, 38, 962–972.

Weiss, N. H,. Sullivan, T. P., & Tull, M. T. (2015). Explicating the role of emotion dysregulation in risky behaviors: A review and synthesis of the literature with directions for future research and clinical practice. Current Opinion Psychology, 1(3), 22–29.

White, H. R., Anderson, K. G., Ray, A. E., & Mun, E. Y. (2016). Do drinking motives distinguish extreme drinking college students from their peers? Addictive Behaviors, 60, 213– 218.

 Yavuz, K. F., Yavuz, N. S., Ulusoy, E., & Ozgen, G. (2017). Emotional schemas accompanying self-harm behaviors among adolescents. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 18(1), 69-78.

Zimmermann, G. (2010). Risk perception, emotion regulation and impulsivity as predictors of risk behaviours among adolescents in Switzerland. Journal of Youth Studies, 13(1), 83-89.