Computational Linguistics: A Descriptive Approach towards its Uses and Techniques

Subject Areas : Media Management

Zolfa Imani ¹

1 - Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Received: 2020-10-14 Accepted : 2021-09-15 Published : 2021-04-21

Keywords: Foregrounding and Backgrounding, Dichotomy, Paradigm, Discourse Theory, JCPOA (Jonit Comprehensive Plan of Action),

Abstract :

Based on Laclau and Mouffe's Discourse Theory, this study provides semantic systems of JCPOA-related discourse in the form of "Official / state" and "Conservative" discourse and their discursive battles, while Foregrounding / Backgrounding in field of language and media discourses through Dichotomous Paradigms. Contents of six media outlets were assessed in Persian calendar 1394 till 14th Aban1397. The field of research is divided to Micro and Macro levels. In Macro, Discourses are analyzed on base of Laclau and Moufeh's Discourse Theory. In Micro, Text Analysis is held on base of Dichotomy as Seperated semiosis system. Seven dichotomous were recognized. The articulation of both discourses in media content engross of dichotomized representation of "foregrounding self" and "backgrounding the other". Official/State discourse takes "sanction lift" moment along with "good deal / bad deal" and also Foregrounding of "Transparency / Rent". This discourse tries to articulate its meaning system through Empty Signifiers. Conservative discourse defines Ideological discursive moments and focus its Nodal Points on Antagonistic relations in order to break its competitor's hegemonic domination of "Constructive interaction" and "Interaction / Confrontation. Both discourse employ signifier in rival's Field of Discursivity, for creating dichotomy, as well as employing floating signifiers after threat of JCPOA.

References:

آیت، سیدسعید. (1389). "طراحی و پیاده‌سازی دایفون زبان فارسی برای کاربرد زبان‌شناسی رایانه‌ای"، پژوهش‌های زبان‌شناسی دانشگاه اصفهان، شماره 2، پیاپی 3.

حسابی، اکبر. (1394). "مشکلات انطباق دسته‌های هم‌معنایی فارس‌نت با دسته‌های هم‌معنای وردنت پرینستون"، پژوهش‌های زبان‌شناسی، شماره 2، پیاپی 13.

خسروی‌زاده، پروان.ه (1393). "مجموعه مقالات دومین هم اندیشی زبان‌شناسی رایانشی"، نشر نویسه پارسی.

شهریاری فرد، آذین. (1396). "مجموعه مقالات چهارمین همایش ملی زبان‌شناسی رایانشی"، نشر نویسه پارسی.

عاصی، مصطفی. (1380). "نقش رایانه در ایجاد استانداردهای زبانی"، مجله فرهنگ. شماره 37 و 38.

عاصی، مصطفی. (1383). "پردازش دستوری زبان فارسی با رایانه"، ویژه نامه فرهنگستان (دستور)، شماره 1.

فلاحتی، محمدرضا. و احمدی‌نسب، فاطمه. (1397). "زبان‌شناسی رایانشی: مدل‌ها، منابع و کاربردها"، انتشارات مرکز منطقه‌ای اطلاع‌رسانی علوم و فناوری.

مرادی، مهدی.، مواجی، وحید.، خسروی‌زاده، پروانه. و شیخ‌زاده، مارال. (1391). "فرهنگ توصیفی زبان‌شناسی رایانشی"، انتشارات پردیس دانش.

ولی‌پور، علیرضا. (1386). "مقایسه و بررسی برخی نظام‌های ترجمه ماشینی روسی و غربی"، پژوهش‌های زبان خارجی، شماره 42.

ولی‌پور، علیرضا. (1385). "بررسی بعد زبان‌شناختی ترجمه ماشینی و معرفی اجمالی علوم مرتبط با آن"، پژوهش‌های زبان خارجی، شماره 36.

Bolshakov, Igor. & Gelbukh, Alexander. (2004). “Computational linguistics: Models, resources”, applications. Direccion de Publicaciones. Printed in Mexico.

Clark, Alexander. Fox, Chris. & Shalom, Lappin. (2010). “The handbook of computational linguistics and natural language processing”, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.

Crystal, David. (2003). “A dictionary of linguistics & phonetics”, Fifth edition. Blackwell Publishing.

Fillmore, Ch. & Baker, C. (1947). “Frame semantics for text understanding”, International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, California.

Fillmore, Ch. & Baker, C. (2009). “A frames approach to semantic analysis”,

Fillmore, Charles. J. (1977 a).” The case for case reopened”, In P. Cole, & J. Sadock, Syntax and Semantics 8: Grammatical Relations, PP. 59-81. New York: Academic Press.

Fillmore, Charles. J. (1977 b). “Scenes and frames semantics. In A. Zampolli, Linguistic Structures Processing”, Fundamental Studies in Computer ScienceVol. 5, PP. 55-81. Amesterdam: North Holland.

Fillmore, Charles. J. (1977 c). “Topics in lexical semantics”, In R. W. Cole, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Fillmore, Charles. J. (1982). “Frame semantics”, The Linguistic Society of Korea: Linguistic in the Morning Calm, PP. 65-173.

Fillmore, Charles. J. (1985). “Frames and the semantics of understanding”, Quaderni di Semantica, Vol. 6, PP. 222-254.

Finch, Geoffrey. (2000). “Key concepts in language and linguistics”, Second edition. Palgrave Publishing.

Hausser, Ronald. (1999). “Foundations of computational linguistics: Human-computer communication in natural language”, Springer.

Jurafsky, Dan (2014). “Obituary: Charles J. Fillmore”, In Association for Computational Linguistics. Vol. 40(3), PP. 725-732.

Kay, Martin. (2003). “In Ruslan Mitkov”, the oxford handbook of computational linguistics. U.S.A. Oxford University Press.

Lee, Kuwang-wu. (2000). “English teacher’s barriers to the use of Computer-Assisted Language Learning”, In the Internet TESL Journal. Vol. VI (12).

McIntosh, Ronald C. (1990). “Hyphenation”, Retrived from the World Wide Web: http://www.hyphenologist. co.uk/book/BOOK-ED3.HTM

Muwafaq Al-Ghabra Iman Muwafaq, Muslim. (2007). “An introduction to computational linguistics: Advantages & disadvantages”, University of Baghdad. No. 51, Journal of COL OF B. ED, PP. 29-40.

Petruck, M.R.L. (1995). “Frame semantics and the lexicon: Nouns and verbs in the body frame”, Essays in Semantics and Pragmatics. PP. 279-296.

Richards, Jack C. & Schmidt, Richard. (1985). “Dictionary of language teaching & applied linguistics”, Third edition. Longman Publishing.

Singh, Gyanendra. Mishra, Ajitanshu. & Dheeraj, Sagar. (2013). “An overview of artificial intelligence”, In SBIT Journal of Sciences and Technology. Vol. 2(1), PP. 1-4.

Zakaria Kurdi, Mohamed. (2016). “Natural language processing and computational linguistics 1: Speech, morphology, syntax”, Wiley Publishing.