The Expansion of Image Schemas and Conceptual Structures of Del in Ghazaliyāt-e Shams Based on the Theory of Lakoff and Johnson

Subject Areas : Persian language and literature texts

Leila Bagheri ¹ , parasto yamini ² , ashraf chegini ³

1 - Department of Persian Language and Literature, Va.C., Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
2 - (Responsible author) Department of Persian Language and Literature, Va.C., Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
3 - Faculty of Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University of Varamin Pishva, Iran.

Received: 2025-07-04 Accepted : 2025-09-15 Published : 2025-06-28

Keywords: : Rumi, Image Schemas, Abstract Concept of Del (Heart), Lakoff and Johnson,

Abstract :

In cognitive linguistics, image schemas and conceptual metaphors are core mental structures shaped by ongoing interaction with the body, space, and the world. These structures enable the visualization and conceptualization of abstract concepts through the reflection of sensory and spatial experiences. Lakoff and Johnson (1980) argue that the human conceptual system is inherently metaphorical and that our understanding of the world is shaped through embodied and cognitive experience. This study, using a cognitive approach and a descriptive-analytical method, explores the abstract concept of del (heart) in Rumi’s Ghazaliyāt-e Shams and examines how image schemas are employed to represent del, and how they contribute to the expression of its emotional and cognitive dimensions. The data consists of selected verses from Ghazaliyāt-e Shams in which the concept of del is presented metaphorically and visually.The analysis was conducted based on the theoretical framework of image schemas to identify the cognitive patterns and mental structures underlying metaphors related to del. The findings reveal that various schemas such as container, world, traveler, and active force are employed to represent del. These schemas present del as a multidimensional concept—encompassing both emotional and cognitive aspects—in a tangible and comprehensible manner within the language of poetry. They play a key role in reflecting the poet’s mystical and philosophical perspectives on existence and the meaning of life. This study opens a new window into understanding the deep semantic layers of del in Persian literature.

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