Ecomorphological and biochemical diversity of Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss. populations in in various habitats across central and western Iran.
Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants
Milad Javanmard
1
,
Hassanaliآ Naghdi Badi
2
,
Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand
3
,
Ali Mehrafarin
4
,
Babak Bahreininejad
5
1 - Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Professor, Islamic Azad University, Research Sciences Unit, Tehran
4 - Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
5 - Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
Keywords: Phytochemical diversity, Artemisia haussknechtii, Population, Proline, Essential oil, Principal component analysis,
Abstract :
Artemisia haussknechtii is one of the medicinal and valuable plants native to Iran and belongs to Artemisia, which few studies have been done on its populations. This study was conducted in order to investigate the ecological and phytochemical diversity of A. haussknechtii. 17 populations of this species were collected from the central and western regions of Iran, which included 5 provinces. Climatic characteristics, soil characteristics, morpho-physiological traits were evaluated in populations. According to principal component analysis (PCA) and morpho-phytochemical traits, the populations were separated. The first three axes explained 76.01% of the total variation. The first component was contributed by some traits such as plant height, canopy diameter and area with about 36.3% of total variation. A. haussknechtii populations were classified into three main population groups 2, 7 and 8 based on cluster analysis. The first group included populations A8, A9, A10, A14, A15, A16 and A17, in the second group there were populations A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A11, A12 and A13 and in the third group there were populations A1 and A7. The results showed that height of the plant had an inverse relationship with the height above sea level. Also, leaf length and width were negatively correlated with average annual temperature and wind speed, but positively correlated with nitrogen and soil organic matter. Proline had a direct relationship with average annual temperature and an inverse relationship with soil organic matter and nitrogen. The amount of essential oil percentage had a positive relationship with the average annual total of sunny hours and a negative relationship with the humidity of the soil saturation percantage.The A. haussknechtii populations were adapted to different environmental conditions with morphological and phytochemical changes such as production of secondary metabolites and proline.
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