Choosing the Right Approach to Public Policy-Making in Different Environments: A Meta-Synthesis Study

Subject Areas : Strategic Management Researches

Nima Eskandarinia ¹ , Karamollah Daneshfard ² , Abolhasan Faghihi ³

1 - PhD in Public Management, Department of Public Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2019-12-07 Accepted : 2020-06-06 Published : 2020-05-21

Keywords: Network Approach, Adaptive Approach, Stage Model, Innovation Diffusion,

Abstract :

Nowadays, public policy knowledge is faced with a host of new approaches including adaptive approaches, policy networking, closed innovation dissemination and open innovation dissemination. In such a situation, the ability to choose the right approach to policy-making from a set of diverse approaches is very important. The purpose of this study is to provide a contingency framework for selecting the appropriate policy-making approach from the approaches of phased, adaptive, networking and dissemination of innovation under different environmental conditions. Using inductive qualitative theory-generating meta-synthesis method, theory is generated through the steps of data collection and sampling, intra-study and inter-study note-taking, and finally the establishment of dynamic relationships between variables. According to the findings of this study, in situations where predictive power is not present, the general policy cycle is useless. Under such circumstances, the power of forecasting should be increased first with the help of adaptive methods, and then the policy should be formulated with the help of one of the approaches of general policy cycle, open innovation, closed innovation or networking. The choice of each of these approaches also depends on the two variables of public participation and public innovation.

References:

الوانی، سید مهدی و شلویری، میثاق(1394).اجرای خط مشی عمومی: دیدگاه های نظـری و راهکارهای عملی، تهران: مرکز آموزش مدیریت دولتی

تیسـن، ویـل ای اچ و واکـر ، وارن ای (1394 ).تحلیـل خـط مشـی عمـومی: پیشـرفت هـای جدید، ترجمه حسن دانایی فرد و هانیه احمدی، تهران: صفار

رحمانی، نیره، پورکریمی، جواد، دیالمه، نیکو و خنیفر، حسین(1397).مولفه هـای رهبـری حکمت محور: یک مطالعـه فراترکیـب، فصـلنامه مـدیریت سـازمان هـای دولتـی، دوره 7 ، شماره 1

ساباتیر، پول ای (1393).نظریه های فرآیند خط مشی عمومی، ترجمـه حسـن دانـایی فـرد، تهران: صفار

کمالی، یحیـی( 1395). روش شناسـی فراترکیـب و کـاربرد آن در سیاسـتگذاری عمـومی، فصلنامه سیاست دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دوره 47 ،شماره 3

مانیان، امیر و رونقی، محمدحسـین( 1394 ،(ارائـه چـارچوب جـامع پیـاده سـازی بازاریـابی اینترنتی با استفاده از روش فراترکیب، مجله مدیریت بازرگانی، دوره 7 ،شماره 4

Bacot, L. Marie, Hatman, Sandra J. & Lundberg, Olof H. (1990). Adaptive Strategies and Survival in an Environmental Dominated by Economic Decline, Journal of Applied Business Resource, Vol. 9, No. 1, 34-44

Bekkers, Victor & Tummers, Lars (2018), Innovation in the Public Sector: Towards an Open and Collaborative Approach, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 84(2), 209-213

Berry, Frances Stokes (1994), Innovation in Public Management: The Adoption of Strategic Planning, Public Administration Review, 34(4), 322- 330

Bogers, Marcel, Chesbrough, Henry & Moedas, Carlos(2018), Open Innovation: Research, Practices and Policies, California Management Review, 60(2), 5-16

Borins, Sandford (2001), Public Management Innovation: Toward a Global Perspective, American Review of Public Administration, 31(1), 5-21

Bovaird, T., Van Ryzin, G.G., Loeffler, E., & Parrado, S., (2014), Activating Citizens to Participate in Collective Co-Production of Public Services, Cambridge University Press, 44(1), 1-23

Bryson, John, Sancino, Alessandro, Benington, John and Sorensen, Eva(2017), Toward a Multi-Actor Theory of Public Value Co-Creation, Public Management Review, 19(3), 640-654

Cooney, R & Lang, A. T. F (2007). Taking Uncertainty Seriously: Adaptive Governance and International Trade. European Journal of International Law, 18(3), 523–551

Dahmardeh, N. & Pourshahabi, V (2011). Agility Evaluation in Public Sector Using Fuzzy Logic, Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3, PP. 95-111

Eriksson, Erik M. (2019), Representative Co-Production: Broadening The Scope of The Public Service Logic, Public Management Review, 21(2), 291- 314

Etzioni, Amitai (1967), Mixed-Scanning: A Third Approach to DecisionMaking, Public Administration Review, 27(5), 385-392

Haider, Muhiuddin & Kreps, Gary L.(2004), Forty Years of Diffusion of Innovations: Utility and Value in Public Health, Journal of Health Communication, 9(1), 3-11

Gulati, Ranjay, Nohria, Nitin & Wohlgezogen (2010). Roaring out of Recession, Harvard Business Review

Hamarat, Caner, Kwakkel, Jan H., & Pruyt, Erik (2012), Adaptive Robust Design Under Deep Uncertainty, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 80(3), 1-11

Hamarat, Cancer, Kwakkel, Jan & Pruyt, Erik (2010), Adaptive Policy Making Under Deep Uncertainty, 3rd International Engineering Systems Symposium, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

Hill, Michael & Hupe, Peter(2014), Implementing Public Policy: An Introduction to the Study of Operational Governance, New York: SAGE Publication

Howlett, Michael & Nair, Sreeja (2016), Policy Myopia as a source of Policy Failure: Adaptation and Policy Learning Under Deep Uncertainty, Policy & Politics, 45(1), 1-16

Howlett, Michael & Rayner, Jeremy (2006), Understanding The Historical Turn in The Policy Sciences: Critique of Stochastic, Narrative, Path Dependency and Process-Sequencing Models of Policy-Making Over Time, Policy Sciences, 39(1), 1-18

Jenkins-Smith, H., & Sabatier, P. (1994). Evaluating the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal of Public Policy, 14(2), 175-203.

Jones, Erik (2009). Decision Making and Policy Change in the Global Financial Crisis, International Studies (SAIS), 4(1), 1-31

Klaster, Esther, Wilderom, Celeste and Muntslag, Dennis(2018), Beyond the Network Border: The Emergence of Regional Meta-Networks and Their Effects on Dutch Public Policy Projects, Project Management Journal, 49(2), 1-14

Kulac, Onur & Ozgur, Huseyin (2017), An Overview of The Stages(Heuristics) Model as a Public Policy Analysis Framework, European Scientific Journal, 13(12), 144-157

Kwakkel, Jan, Haasnoot, Marjolijn, & Walker, Warren (2016), Coping With the Wickedness of Public Policy Problems: Approaches for Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty, Journal of Water Planning & Management, 142(3), 1-5

Kwakkel, Jan, Haasnoot, Marjolijn, Walker, Warren & Ter Maat, Judith (2013), Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways: A method For Crafting Robust Decisions For a Deeply Uncertain World, Global Environment Change, 23(1), 485-498

Kwakkel, Jan, Walker, Warren & Marchau, Vincent (2010), Classifying and Communicating Uncertainties in Model-Based Policy Analysis, International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 10(4), 299- 315

Lawrence, Kirk (2013). Developing Leaders in a VUCA Environment, KenanFlagler Business School

3. Leach, Scoones M & Stirling, Andy (2007). Pathways to Sustainability, Environment and Planning A 43(5):1226-1237

Lyytinen, Kalle & Damsgaard, Jan (2007), What’s Wrong With the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, International Federation for Information Processing, 22(1), 173-190

Maier, Guillaume, Van Delden, Riddell, Haasnoot, M. & Kwakkel, J. H (2016).An Uncertain Future, Deep Uncertainty, Scenarios, Robustness and Adaptation: How Do They Fit Together, Environmental Modelling & Software, 154-164

March, James G. (1962), The Business Firm as a Political Coalition, The Journal of Politics, 24(4), 662-678

Marchau, Vincent, Walker, Warren and Van Wee, G.P. (2010), Dynamic Adaptive Transport Policies for Handling Deep Uncertainty, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 77(6), 940-950

McCann, Joseph, Selsky, John & Lee James (2009). Building Agility, Resilience and Performance in Turbulent Environments, People and Strategy, Human resource planning, 32(3). 44-51

Mclain, Rebecca, and Lee, Robert G. (1996), Environment Management, 20(4), 437-448

Mintzberg, Henry, Raisinghani, Duru & Theoret, Andre (1976), The Structure of Unstructured Decision Processes, Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(2), 246-275

Nakamura, Robert & Smallwood, Frank(1980), The Politics of Policy Implementation, New York: St. Martin’s Press

Nakamura, Robert (1987), the Textbook Policy Process and Implementation Research, Review of Policy Research, 7(1), 142-154

Navarra, Diego D., & Cornford, Tony (2005), ICT, Innovation and Public Management: Governance, Models and Alternatives for Egovernment Infrastructures, European Conference on Information Systems(ECIS)

O’ Toole, Jr, Laurence (2014), Networks and Networking: The Public Administrative Agendas, Public Administration, Review, 75(3), 361-371

Osborne, S.P., Radnor, Z. & Strokosch, K.(2016), Co-Production and The Co-Creation of Value in Public Service: A Suitable Case for Treatment?, Public Management Review, 18(5), 639-653

Osborne, Stephen P., (2018) From public service-dominant logic to public service logic: are public service organizations capable of co-production and value co-creation?, Public Management Review, 20(2), 225-231

Paasi, M (2005). Collective benchmarking of policies: an instrument for policy learning in adaptive research and innovation policy. Science and Public Policy, 32(1), 17–27

Pandey, Sanjay K & Wright, Brandley E (2014), Connecting the Dots in Public Management: Political Environment, Organizational Goal Ambiguity and the Public Manager’s Role Ambiguity, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 511-532

Porter, Michael E (1991). Towards a Dynamic Theory of Strategy, Strategic Management Journal, 12(2). 95-117

Raso, Luciano, Kwakkel, Jan and Timmermans, Jos (2019), Assessing the Capacity of Adaptive Policy Pathways to Adapt on Time by Mapping Trigger Values to Their Outcomes, Sustainability Journal, 17(1716), 1-16

Robertson, Peter J & Seneviratne, Sonal J (1995). Outcomes of Planned Organizational Change in the Public Sector: A Meta-analytic Comparison to the Private Sector, Public Administration Review, Vol. 55, No. 6, 547-558

Sabatier, Paul A. (1986), Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches to Implementation Research: A Critical Analysis and Suggested Synthesis, Journal of Public Policy, 6(1), 21-48

Sabatier, Paul A., (2007), Theories of the Policy Process, Boulder, CO: Westview Press

Sabatier, Paul(1991), Toward Better Theories of The Policy Process, Political Science and Politics, 24(2), 147-156

Sahin, Ismail(2006), Detailed Review of Rogers Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Educational Technology-Related Studies Based on Rogers Theory, The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 5(2), 14-23

Sandelowski,Margarete, Barroso, Julie & Voils, Corrine(2007), Using Qualitative Metasummary to Synthesize Qualitative and Quantitative Descriptive Findings, Research in Nursing & Health,30(1), 99-111

Srivastava, Rajendra P (1997). Decision Making Under Ambiguity, Archives of Control Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 1, 5-27

Voorberg, W.H., Bekkers, V.J.J.M. & Tummers, L.G.(2014), A Systematic Review of Co-Creation and Co-Production: Embarking on The Social Innovation Journey, Public Management Review, 17(9), 1333-1357

Walker, JL. (1969), The Diffusion of Innovation among the American States, American Political Science Review, 63(3), 880-899

Walker, Warren and Marchau, Vincent(2017), Dynamic Adaptive Policymaking for the Sustainable City: The Case of Automated Taxis, International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 1(6), 1-19

Walker, Warren Rahman, S. Adnan and Cave, Jonathan(2001), Adaptive Policies, Policy Analysis and Policy Making, European Journal of Operational Research,12(2), 282-289

Weible, Christopher M., Sabatier, Paul A. Jenkins-Smith, Hank C., Nohrstedt, Daniel, Douglas Henry, Adam & Deleon, Peter (2011), A Quarter Century of the Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Introduction to the Special Issue, Policy Studies Journal, 39(3), 349-360

Zakaria, Zaki, Idris, Khairudin & Ismail, Mohd Bakhari (2017), Blue Ocean Leadership Practices Towards Promoting Employee Engagement in Public Service, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(3), 85-98