A Study of Demotivational Factors in Iranian ELT Context: Resolutions and Attitudes from Teachers
Subject Areas : Journal of Language, Culture, and Translationمسعود طاهری لَرکی 1 , رضا عیدی 2
1 -
2 -
Keywords: motivation, Attitude, Demotivation, Demotivating Factors, Motivating Factors,
Abstract :
The authors, in the current study, looked at the causes of demotivation among adult language instructors at the language schools in Shahrekord and Brujin. The participants in this study were 50 EFL teachers. Data were gathered using the Teacher Demotivation Questionnaire (TDQ), which Sugino (2010) developed. The data from this study were analyzed using a one-sample t-test and some independent-sample t-tests. When comparing the results, it was found that "Students are not interested in studying," "low teacher evaluation from students," "low pay," and "little appreciation from the administration" were, in order, the most demotivating factors in SAC, TMF, RWC, and HR. "Students' attitude" and "research and working conditions" were more significant and regarded as more potent demotivating factors among the questionnaire's four subsections. In light of all the various suggestions for solutions, it appeared that the teachers' demands for higher pay and commuter reimbursement were the most demoralizing elements of all. The results of this study have some pedagogical and practical ramifications for teachers, administrators, and L2 students.
References
Abu Baker, K.A., Sulaiman, N.F., & Rafaai, Z.A.M. (2010). Selfdetermination theory and motivational orientations of Arabic learners:
A principal component analysis. GEMA Online Journal of Language
Studies, 10(1), 71-86.
Alderman, M. K. (1990). Motivation for at-risk students. Educational
Leadership, 48(1), 27-30.
Bednarova, N. (2011). De-motivating influences for learning English
among students in lower stages of 8-year Grammar School. Diploma
thesis. University of Masaryk. Retrieved July 25, 2012, from:
http://is.muni.cz/th/237053/pedf_m/Bednarova_diploma_thesis.pdf
Chambers, G. (1993). Taking the ‘de’ out of demotivation. Language
Learning Journal, 7(1), 13-16.
Taheri, M. & Eidy, R. / Journal of Language, Culture, and Translation 4(2) (2022), 184-208
207
Christophel, D. M., & Gorham, J. (1995). A test‐retest analysis of student
motivation, teacher immediacy, and perceived sources of motivation
and demotivation in college classes. Communication Education,
44(4), 292-306 .
Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: plenum.
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and selfdetermination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Dornyei, Z. (1994). Motivation and motivation in the foreign language
classroom. Modern Language Journal 78(3), 273-284.
Dornyei, Z. (2001). New themes and approaches in second language
motivation research. Annual review of applied linguistics, 21, 43-59.
Donyei, Z. (2005). Motivational strategies in the language classroom.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dornyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2001). Teaching and researching motivation.
Harlow, Longman.
Ellis, R. (2001). The study of second language acquisition (8th ed.).
Oxford: oxford university press.
Ely, C.M. (1986). Language learning motivation: A descriptive and causal
analysis. Modern Language Journal, 70(1), 28-35.
Falout, J., & Falout, M., (2004). The other side of motivation: Learner
demotivation. Paper presented at JALT2004 conference proceedings.
Tokyo.
Falout, J., & Maruyama, M. (2004). A comparative study of proficiency
and learner demotivation. The Language Teacher, 28 (8), 3-9.
Gardner, R. C. (2000). Correlation, causation, motivation, and second
language acquisition. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie
Canadienne, 41(1), 10.
Gardner, R. C. (2001). Integrative motivation: Past, present, and future.
Paper presented at the Distinguished Lecturer Series, Temple
University Japan, Tokyo, and Osaka.
Geitenbeck, J. (2011). Effect of overcrowded classrooms. Retrieved June
5, 2012, from: http://www.helium.com.
Ghalibaf Sani, S. (2011). An investigation into the effect of Demotivating
Factors on English Speaking Skill: A study of EFI learners and
teachers’ attitudes. Master Thesis, Shiraz University.
Hu, R. J. S. (2011). The relationship between demotivation and EFL
learners' English language proficiency. English Language Teaching,
4(4), 88 .
Kiziltepe, Z. (2008). Motivation and demotivation of university teachers.
Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 14(5-6), 515-530.
Taheri, M. & Eidy, R. / Journal of Language, Culture, and Translation 4(2) (2022), 184-208
208
Lynch, D. J. (2008). Confronting challenges: Motivational beliefs and
learning strategies in difficult college courses. College Student
Journal, 42(2), 416-422.
Latham, G. P., & Pinder, C. C. (2005). Work motivation theory and
research at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Annual Review of
Psychology, 56, 485-516 .
MCEETYA, (1999).The Adelaide Declaration on National Goals for
Schooling in the Twenty-first Century. Melbourne: Ministerial
Council on Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs
(MCEETYA).
Menyhart A. (2008). Teachers or lecturers? The motivational profile of
university teachers of English. WoPaLP, 2, 119‐137.
Sugino, T. (2010). Teacher/students motivational/demotivational factors
in a framework of SLA motivational research. Journal of National
Defense Academy (Humanities and Social Sciences), 100, 1-16 .
Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental
social psychology, 29(pp. 271–360). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Vural, S. (2007).Teachers’ and students’ perceptions of teacher
motivational behavior (unpublished master thesis). Bilkent
University, Ankara,
Willows, M. (2011). Effect of overcrowded classrooms. Retrieved July
25, 2015, from http://www.helium.com
Woldwoski, R. J. (1985). Enhancing adult motivation to learn: A guide to
improving instruction and increasing learner achievement. San
Francisco, California: Jossey- Bass.
Yan, H. (2009). Student and teacher de-motivation in SLA. Asian Social
Science, 5(1) 109
