The Effect of Instructional Multimedia on Social Skills Development in Mentally Disabled Grade Five Primary Students in Tehran

Subject Areas : Infomartion Technology

Rahim Moradi ¹ ( MA Graduate of Instructional Technology, Allameh-Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran )
Parviz Sharifidaramadi ² ( Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Allameh-Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran )
Esmail Zarei Zavaraki ³ ( Associate Professor, Chair of the Department of Educational Technology, Allameh-Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran )

Received: 2013-07-05 Accepted : 2014-08-16 Published : 2013-11-01

Keywords: instructional multimedia, social skills, Mentally Disabled Students,

Abstract :

The aim of the present research was to study the effect of instructional multimedia on social skills development in mentally disabled grade five primary students in Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical society included all mentally disabled students in the fifth grade school in Tehran that were divided into two control and test groups selected via accessible sampling. The social skills learning questionnaire was the data collecting tool in the research. For eight sessions, the test group was trained using researcher-made multimedia software and the control group was trained with traditional method (lecturing). To evaluate resultant changes, a pre-test was conducted on both groups. After pre-test, the test group was exposed to the independent variable, i.e., multimedia instruction, and a post-test was performed on both groups. To analyze the data, statistics methods were used both in descriptive and inferential levels. The results indicated that the social skills development was higher in students that have received material through instructional multimedia.

References:

1. Afrooz, Gh. (2009). Slow-paced children's education. University of Tehran Publication. (in Persian).


2. Akhondia, A. (2009). The effective multimedia instruction in remedy spelling disability students specific learning in Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15(30), 1951-1954.


3. Al Balooshi, F., & Alkhalifa, E. M. (2002). Multi-modality as a cognitive tool. SpecialEducational Technology and Society, 5(4), 49–55.


4. Amirtimoori, M. H. (2011). Designing Educational Messages. Tehran: SAMT. (in Persian).


5. Ayer, K., & Longone, J. (2005). Intervention and instruction with video for students with autism: A review of children of the literature. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 40(6), 183-196.


6. Ayner, V., Denholm, C., & Sigafoos, J. (2009). Video-base intervention for individual with Autism: Key question that remain unanswered. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(8), 291-303.


7. Bayanzade, A., & Arjmandi, Z. (2010). Effects of social skills training on coping behavior of children with mild mental retardation. Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 27-34. (in Persian).


8. Behpajo, H., Khanjani, M., Shokohi Yekta, M., & Hidari, M. (2010). The effectiveness of social skills training blind students' self-esteem. Journal of Research in Mental Health, 3, 29-37. (in Persian).


9. Bellini, S., & Akullian, J. (2007). A meta-analysis of video modeling and video self-modeling interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Council for Exceptional Children, 73, 264-287.


10. Bokhowen, H. V., & Kramer, J. M. (2010). Disruption of the opigentic code: An emerging mechanism in mental retardation. Neurobiology of Disease, 39(1), 3-12.


11. Cheng, Y. (2010). Exploring the social competence of student with autism spectrum conditions in a collaborative virtual learning environment-the pilot study. Computer & Education, 54, 1068-1077.


12. Esparahak, A., & Hild, Y. (2007). ICT and Special Educational Needs. (Translate by Zaraii Zavaraki and Velayati). Tehran: Aiiej Publication. (in Persian).


13. Florin, L., & Hegherti, J. (2004). ICT and Special Educational Needs. (Translate by Zaraii Zavaraki and Jafarkhani). Tehran: Avaye Noor Publication. (in Persian).


14. Ghanbari, B., & Saadat, M. (2011). Effect of rhythmic movements of yoga on the social interaction of mentally retarded children (boys) primary school in Sangan, Khoaf city. Studies of Education and Psychology, 11(1), 171-188. (in Persian).


15. Gharekhani, A., Afrooz, Gh., & Masomian, M. (2010). The use of computer technology for the rehabilitation and education of autistic children. Special Education, 105, 47-53.


16. Hallahan, D. P., & Kauffman, J. M. (2006). Exceptional learners:Introduction tospecial education (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.


17. Hardman, M. M., Drow, K., & Eghen, M. (2002). Psychology and education of exceptional children: Community, school and family, clinical, child. (Translate by Alizadeh, H., Ghanji, K., Yousef Laviye, M., & Yadeghari, F.). Tehran: Danjeh. (in Persian).


18. Hoppe, S. U. (2004). Improving transition behavior in students with disabilities using a multimedia personal development program: Check and connect. Tech Trends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve, 48(6), 43-46.


19. Hyatt, K. J., & Filler, J. W. (2007). A comparsion of the effects of two social skill issue: Innovations in learning technology. Journal of International Forum of Education Research, 29, 663- 669.


20. Jafarkhani, F. (2009). Studied the effect of multimedia teaching visually impaired students to learn on grade level. M.S. Thesis of Allameh Tabatabai University. (in Persian).


21. Jus, T., Heimann, M., & Nelson, K. (2001). Interaction patterns between children and their teacher when using a specific multimedia and communication strategy.Educational Technology, 15(2), 175-187.


22. Keramati, M. R. (2008). Impact on the development of collaborative learning social skills and academic achievement in math. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences at Tehran University, 37(1), 39-59. (in Persian).


23. LaGreca, A. M., & Stone, W. L. (1990). Children with learning disabilities: The role of achievement in social, personal, andbehavioral functioning. Research in Childhood Education, 22(1), 837-850.


24. Mccoy, K., & Hermansen, E. (2007). Video modeling for individuals with autism: Review of model types and effects. Education and treatment of children, 30(2), 183-213.


25. Millanifar, B. (2008). Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. Tehran: Ghomes Publication. (in Persian).


26. Moore, M., & Calvert, S. (2000). Brief report: Vocabulary acquisition for children with autism: Teacher or computer instruchtion. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 30(4), 359-362.


27. Naseh, H. (2009). With autism from diagnosis to treatment. Tehran: Danjeh. (in Persian).


28. National Council for Social Studies. (2008). Expectation of ExcellenceCurriculum of Standard in Social Studies. Retrieved  August 11, 2008, from www. socialstudies.org


29. Nejadikashani, Gh., Mirzamani, M., Davarmanesh A., & Salehi, M. (2010). The effect of painting on aggression in students of mentally retarded girls in elementary schools. Journal of Rehabilitation, 5(11), 22-43. (in Persian).


30. Noroozi, D., Ahmadzade, B., & Aghabarati, N. (2011). The effect of multimedia teaching on mathematics Learning in autistic boys. Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, (4)1, 1-24. (in Persian).


31. Parsons, S., & Mitchel, P. (2002). The use and understand of virtual environment by adolesents with austic spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 34(4), 449-466.


32. Ray, C. E., & Elliott, S. N. (2006). Social Adjustment and Academic AchievementResearch Issues. Hillsdele, N. J: Erlbaum, 33, 333- 352.


33. Razavi, A. (2007). Modern Topics in Educational Technology. Ahvaz: Chamran University. (in Persian).


34. Reis, M. G. A. D., Cabral, L., Peres, E., Bessa, A., Valente, A., Morais, R., et al. (2010). Using information technology based exercise in primary mathematics technology of children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation: A case study. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (TOJET), 9, 106-118.


35. Sharifidaramadi, P. (2001). Psychology of Exceptional Children. Tehran: Ravansanji. (in Persian).


36. Shirmohamadi, M., Chardoli, M., & Zargari, H. (2012). Introduction to Multimedia. Hamadan: Daneshjo Publication. (in Persian).


37. Wainer, A., & Ingersoll, R. (2010).The use of innovative computer technology for teaching social communication to individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5, 96-107.


38. Zaraii Zavaraki, E., & Gharibi, F. (2012). Impact on learning, multimedia teaching, learning and retention of female students with mental disabilities fourth grade math city. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 2(5), 23-51. (in Persian).


39. Zaraii Zavaraki, E., & Jafarkhani, F. (2010). Multimedia education and its role in special education. Special Education. 98-99, 22-30. (in Persian).