Assessing the Efficiency of Pomegranate Peel Biomass Adsorption in Improving Industrial Wastewater Pollution Indices and Optimizing the Process Using the Response Surface Method

Subject Areas :

Nasrin Hashemi ¹ , Masoud Honarvar ² , Elaheh Gharah Khani ³

1 - M.Sc Graduated of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.

Received: 2023-08-30 Accepted : 2024-04-09 Published : 2025-03-09

Keywords: Water Pollution, Biosorption, Wastewater Treatment, Pomegranate Peel.,

Abstract :

The water crisis and environmental pollution caused by industrial wastewater have led to special attention to the treatment and reuse of industrial effluents. In this research, the impact of powdered pomegranate peel as a low-cost biosorbent was studied for the examination of turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), hardness (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) indices. Pollution indices were measured under conditions of pH=4-8, time 20-100 minutes, temperature 20-50 degrees Celsius, and adsorbent concentration of 1-7 grams per liter. The results of this study were analyzed using the Design Expert software. The analysis showed that the temperature had the most significant effect on TSS (total suspended solids) compared to other parameters, while COD (chemical oxygen demand) and pH had the highest impact on BOD (biological oxygen demand). Furthermore, the response surface method performed better for BOD data than TSS data. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids from the solution, as well as pH, had the most significant effects. The lowest levels of chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids were observed at pH 4 (543, 2.245, and 148 mg/L, respectively). The results indicate a significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand, while total dissolved solids increased compared to raw wastewater. Additionally, an increase in the adsorbent led to an increase in chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand. The impact of each parameter on pollution indices (BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Turbidity) and p-values less than 0.05 demonstrate the significance of the model.

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