goats

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1 - آسیب شناسی و فراوانی نماتود پارابرونما اسکریابینی در نشخوارکنندگان کوچک استان کرمان
رضا خیراندیش، محمدحسین رادفر، شهرزاد عزیزی، امین مثنوی‌پور .

انگل های دستگاه گوارش به دلیل بروز اسهال و عفونت های تحت بالینی سبب کاهش وزن و تولید به ویژه در نشخوارکنندگان کوچک می‌شوند. انگل پارابرونما اسکریابینی یکی از شایع ترین نماتودهای شیردان است. تاکنون مطالعه ای در خصوص آسیب شناسی این انگل و مرحله توقف رشد لاروی انگل پارابر أکثر

انگل های دستگاه گوارش به دلیل بروز اسهال و عفونت های تحت بالینی سبب کاهش وزن و تولید به ویژه در نشخوارکنندگان کوچک می‌شوند. انگل پارابرونما اسکریابینی یکی از شایع ترین نماتودهای شیردان است. تاکنون مطالعه ای در خصوص آسیب شناسی این انگل و مرحله توقف رشد لاروی انگل پارابرونما صورت نگرفته است. در مطالعه حاضر، با مراجعه به کشتارگاه، 1189 شیردان نشخوارکننده کوچک (بدون تفکیک گوسفند یا بز) به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند و بطور ماکروسکوپیک از لحاظ وجود انگل های شیردان بررسی شدند. از نظر ماکروسکوپیک، در سطح شیردان، تخریش های کوچک و گاهی زخم، ضخیم شدن مخاط شیردان و افزایش ترشحات موکوسی قابل مشاهده بود با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، از مجموع 1189 نمونه ی شیردان جمع آوری شده از کشتارگاه کرمان، 807 شیردان (%87/67) آلوده به نماتود بودند و 382 شیردان (%12/32) هیچ گونه آلودگی به انگل های کرمی نداشتند. از 807 نمونه ی آلوده به نماتود، 307 نمونه (%82/25) فقط به پارابرونما و تعداد 500 شیردان (%05/42) علاوه بر پارابرونما به سایر نماتودها نیز آلوده بودند. از مجموع 307 نمونه ی خالص آلوده به پارابرونما، تعداد 247 شیردان جهت هضم با پپسین و مطالعه پاتولوژیک انتخاب شدند. در آسیب شناسی بافتی، مقاطع مختلف انگل بالغ در لایه ی مخاطی شیردان دیده شد. کاهش سلول های پریتال غدد، هیپرپلازی سلول های موکوسی و واکنش التهابی شامل تجمع لنفوسیت ها و ائوزینوفیل ها و در مواردی واکنش گرانولوماتوز در اطراف انگل مشاهده گردید. هیچگونه لارو انگل پارابرونما در غدد شیردان در مقاطع پاتولوژیک مشاهده نگردید. نتایج این مطالعه نشان دهنده آلودگی نشخوارکنندگان کوچک استان کرمان به انگل پارابرونما اسکریابینی و وجود جراحات آسیب شناسی در شیردان بود. تفاصيل المقالة

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2 - بررسی پلی مورفیسم نشانگرهای ریزماهواره بز مرخز DOR: 20.1001.1.17359880.1399.14.1.2.5
سجاد بادبرین رضا سید شریفی حسن خمیس آبادی جواد احمدپناه

استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی و به ویژه نشانگرهای ریزماهواره به دلیل ویژگی‌های برتر آنها اطلاعات بسیار ارزشمندی از ساختار ژنتیکی موجود مورد مطالعه را فراهم می‌کند. این اطلاعات می‌تواند جهت حفاظت از موجود در خطر انقراض و یا بررسی مکان ژن‌های تاثیر گذار بر صفات کمی (QTL) م أکثر

استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی و به ویژه نشانگرهای ریزماهواره به دلیل ویژگی‌های برتر آنها اطلاعات بسیار ارزشمندی از ساختار ژنتیکی موجود مورد مطالعه را فراهم می‌کند. این اطلاعات می‌تواند جهت حفاظت از موجود در خطر انقراض و یا بررسی مکان ژن‌های تاثیر گذار بر صفات کمی (QTL) مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. هدف از این پژوهش تأکید بر اهمیت نشانگرهای ریزماهواره برای مطالعات تنوع ژنتیکی در بز مرخز و استفاده از آنها در استراتژی های حفاظت است.در این مطالعه از 240 بز مرخز در استان کردستان به صورت تصادفی خونگیری شد. استخراج DNA از نمونه خون کامل و به روش نمکی انجام گرفت. سپس با استفاده از واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز (PCR) تنوع ژنتیکی 30 نشانگر ریزماهواره مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آلل‌های هر فرد با استفاده از روش رنگ آمیزی نیترات نقره نمایان شد. پارامترهای ژنتیکی مربوط به ساختار ژنتیکی بز مرخز با استفاده از نرم افراز POPGENE محاسبه شد.بجز نشانگر INRA040، تمام نشانگرهای استفاده شده به خوبی تکثیر شدند. از میان نشانگرهای تکثیر شده، نشانگر MCM136 چند شکلی پایینی نشان داد اما دیگر نشانگرها چندشکلی بالایی داشتند. نشانگرهای ILSTS030 با 6 آلل و نشانگر MCM136 با 3 آلل به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تعداد آلل را تولید کردند. نشانگر ILSTS030 (7504/0) بیشترین و نشانگر MCM136(0158/0) کمترین میزان هتروزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار را نشان دادند.به نظر می‌رسد نشانگرهای ریزماهواره ابزاری مفید و قابل اعتماد برای شناسایی نژادهای بز است و استفاده از آنها می‌تواند راه حلی برای حفاظت از نژادهای در خطر انقراض باشد. تفاصيل المقالة

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3 - بررسی فراوانی آلودگی به انگل‌های دستگاه گوارش در بزهای وحشی (Capra aegagrus) پارک ملی ارسباران
احمد نعمت الهی بنایی پریسا شهبازی هادی مردمی امیر ملازاده

10.30495/jvcp.2022.1947828.1347

پارک ملی ارسباران وسیع‌ترین پارک ملی شمالغرب کشور می‌باشد که زیستگاه گونه‌های جانوری و گیاهی مهمی می‌باشد. یکی از مهم‌ترین گونه‌‌های جانوری ساکن در آن کَل و بز (Capra aegagrus) می‌باشند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، تعیین میزان آلودگی‌های دستگاه گوارش کَل و بزهای پارک ملی ارسبار أکثر

پارک ملی ارسباران وسیع‌ترین پارک ملی شمالغرب کشور می‌باشد که زیستگاه گونه‌های جانوری و گیاهی مهمی می‌باشد. یکی از مهم‌ترین گونه‌‌های جانوری ساکن در آن کَل و بز (Capra aegagrus) می‌باشند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، تعیین میزان آلودگی‌های دستگاه گوارش کَل و بزهای پارک ملی ارسباران به عوامل انگلی می‌باشد. در طول سال 1396 تعداد 95 نمونه مدفوع از کَل و بزهای پارک ملی ارسباران جمع‌آوری شد و به روش گسترش مستقیم و روش تغلیظی کلیتون- لین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین جهت شناسایی لاروهای مرحله اول نماتودهای ریوی از دستگاه برمن استفاده گردید. جهت تشخیص آلودگی به کریپتوسپوریدیوم و ژیاردیا به‌ترتیب از رنگ‌آمیزی ید و ذیل نلسون اصلاح شده استفاده شد. نتایج این بررسی‌ نشان داد که تمامی نمونه‌ها حداقل به یک عامل کرمی و یک عامل تک‌یاخته‌ای آلوده می‌باشند. در این بررسی آلودگی به ائوسیست ایمریا در تمامی نمونه‌های مدفوعی مشاهده شد. آلودگی به تخم مارشالگیا‌‌‌ مارشالی 8/37 درصد، نماتودیروس (گونه‌های مختلف) 60 درصد، تریشیوریس ‌اویس 1/62 درصد، دیکروسلیوم ‌دندریتیکوم 8/37 درصد، فاسیولا هپاتیکا 2/25 درصد، مونیزیا اکسپنسا 6/13 درصد، لارو سیستوکولوس ‌اکراتوس 4/28 درصد و کیست ژیاردیا لامبلیا 6/33 درصد مشاهده شد. ائوسیست کریپتوسپوریدیوم در هیچ‌یک از نمونه‌های مدفوعی رنگ‌آمیزی‌شده مشاهده نگردید. ارتباط معنی‌داری بین میزان آلودگی به انگل‌های مختلف و جنسیت حیوانات مبتلا یافت نشد. میزان بالای آلودگی انگل‌های داخلی در کَل و بزهای پارک ملی ارسباران نشان‌دهنده پتانسیل بالای آلودگی انگلی و تبدیل حیوانات موجود در آن به عنوان مخزن انگل‌ها و انتشار بعدی آن به حیوانات دیگر و بسط در جوامع انسانی مجاور می‌تواند باشد. تفاصيل المقالة

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4 - Dry Matter Intake and Digestibility in Weast African Dwarf Goats Fed Raw or Processed Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan) Seed
F.O. Ahamefule M.D. Udo

Four West African Dwarf (WAD) grower bucks averaging 6 kg in weight and aged between 5-6 months of age were used in a digestive trial to determine the intake and digestibility of raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal based diets. The diets designated RPBD, SPBD, TPBD an أکثر

Four West African Dwarf (WAD) grower bucks averaging 6 kg in weight and aged between 5-6 months of age were used in a digestive trial to determine the intake and digestibility of raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal based diets. The diets designated RPBD, SPBD, TPBD and BPBD were formulated from cassava peel, palm kernel cake, brewers dry grain, bone meal and common salt to contain 15% of raw, boiled, soaked or toasted pigeon pea seed meal, respectively. The diets were allotted to the 4 animals in a 4×4 latin square design. Results showed that feed and dry matter intake (DMI) (g/d) were influenced (P<0.05) by dietary treatments. The values were highest for BPBD followed by RPBD, SPBD and TPBD in that order. The feed and DMI of BPBD differed (P<0.05) significantly from values obtained for TPBD but similar with those of other diets. Nitrogen intake (g/d) of goats fed BPBD (7.49), RPBD (7.16) and SPBD (6.36) were similar (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in nitrogen intake between goats fed BPBD and TPBD (5.90). Fecal nitrogen (g/d) values were fairly comparable (P>0.05) but urinary nitrogen (g/d) values were affected (P<0.05) by treatments; the value was highest in goats fed RPBD (1.32) which differed (P<0.05) from goats fed TPBD (0.76), SPBD (0.41) and BPBD (0.39). Nitrogen balance and nitrogen absorbed were also influenced (P<0.05) by dietary treatments; the values for goats fed BPBD (6.09, 6.48) differed significantly from values obtained for those fed TPBD (3.72 and 4.48) but similar with values obtained for RPBD (3.92 and 5.24) and SPBD (4.45 and 4.86). تفاصيل المقالة

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5 - Indirect Selection Amongst Small Scale Holders of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats Based on Coat Pigmentation and Wattle Types in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
T.A. Adedeji M.O. Ozoje L.O. Ojedapo O.A. Fasoyin R.I. Ogundipe

A research study was carried out on the indirect selection efforts amongst small scale holders of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats based on coat pigmentation and wattle types in Ogbomoso, Nigeria using personal interviews and structured questionnaires given using simple r أکثر

A research study was carried out on the indirect selection efforts amongst small scale holders of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats based on coat pigmentation and wattle types in Ogbomoso, Nigeria using personal interviews and structured questionnaires given using simple random on-farm techniques. The questionnaires were focused on the ownership distribution, preferred pigmentation and wattle types, disease susceptibility, death status, kidding status and market sales regarding coat pigmentation and wattle types. The questionnaires revealed that WAD goats with black pigmentation and two wattles had the highest ownership distribution, most preferred and better priced. It further revealed that black goats were highly diseased and died more, although this could be as a result of the preponderance of black goats in the study area. However, the respondents revealed that goats with two wattles were not easily susceptible to disease and lower deaths were often recorded. This showed that indirect selection of WAD goats based on coat pigmentation and wattle type is constantly going on amongst the small scale holders of WAD goats and this could be utilized for the breed genetic improvement. تفاصيل المقالة

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6 - Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Haematological Parameters of Red Sokoto Goats Fed Sabara (Guiera senegalensis) Leaf Meal
آ.آ. ابراهیم اس. هودو ام.اس. تمبوراوا آر.ام. آشیرو

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of Sabara leaf meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and haematological parameters of red Sokoto goats. Bucks were managed in a complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The Sabar أکثر

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of Sabara leaf meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and haematological parameters of red Sokoto goats. Bucks were managed in a complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The Sabara leaf meal (SLM) was fed at concentration of 0, 10, 20 and 30% in treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The experimental diets and clean drinking water were offered to the animals ad libitum. Initial body weights were all similar. Bucks fed diets with 10 and 20% Sabara leaf meal (SLM) gained weight (P<0.05) faster than those fed the control diets. Feed intake differ significantly (P<0.001) among the groups. T4 recorded superior feed intake compared to T1, T2 and T3. Body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased with levels of Sabara leaf meal (SLM) in the diets up to a point (T3) with bucks on 20% Sabara leaf meal (SLM) being heavier. The metabolizable energy (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extracts (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) digestibilities also differed significantly (P<0.05) among the treatments. Similarly, the DM, CF, CP and EE digestibilities of T3 were superior to the control (T1).Hemoglobin(Hb), mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and platelets differed (P<0.05, P<0.01) among treatments. However, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobinconcentration (MCHC) were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. The white blood cells differentials were slightly different between treatment groups but all remains within the reference range. The results of this study indicated that Sabara leaf meal could be used as feed resources to raise goats. The levels of least Sabara leaf meal (SLM) from 20 to 30% gave high growth performance and better benefits without adverse effect on biological performance. More research is needed to evaluate Sabara leaf meal on growth performance and nutrient utilization by goats. تفاصيل المقالة

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7 - Effects of Two Sources of Tannins on Performance, Nitrogen Utilization and Efficiency of Microbial Nitrogen Synthesis in Dairy Goats
ا. مختارپور ع.ع. ناصریان ف. پورملایی س. صفا

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tannic acid (TA) and pistachio by-product tannin extract (PBE) on N utilization and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (EMNS) in Saanen dairy goats. The experimental design was a change over design with three أکثر

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tannic acid (TA) and pistachio by-product tannin extract (PBE) on N utilization and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (EMNS) in Saanen dairy goats. The experimental design was a change over design with three treatments and three periods using six mid lactation multiparous dairy goats. Tannic acid solution and PBE were added to fresh alfalfa at ensiling to get the final concentration of about 1% tannin as dry matter (DM) basis. Dietary treatments were as follows: 1) untreated alfalfa silage (AS), 2) AS treated with TA (AS+TA) and 3) AS treated with PBE (AS+PBE). Intake of DM, organic matter (OM) and N and also milk yield and composition (as percent or as g/d) were not affected by tannin additions. A considerable shift occurred in the pattern of N excretion in goats fed PBE diet compared to control silage diet. Urinary N losses had a tendency (P<0.10) to lower (17.4 vs. 19.2 g/d) and fecal N losses was higher for goats fed AS + PBE compared with those fed the AS silage diet (14.6 vs. 12.6 g/d). As a proportion of N intake or as g N loss per d, retained N was higher (P<0.05) in goats fed AS + PBE compared to those fed the control diet. Microbial nitrogen synthesis (MN) was not affected by tannin additions. However, a trend (P<0.10) for less efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (EMN) was observed in tannin fed goats compared to those fed the control diet. Although, tannins added to AS may exert some beneficial effects on N utilization and also environmental N outputs, they may interfere with rumen fermentation lead to decrease in EMN in goats especially those fed with PBE. تفاصيل المقالة

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8 - Effects of Supplementing Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Straw with Dried Poultry Dropping Based Diet on the Performance of Konkan Kanyal Goats
آ.آ. بلو بی.جی. دسای آر.جی. بورته وی.اس. دندکار جی.اس. دیهکاله اس. کومار وی.کا. گبرمدهین

This experimental trial was conducted to study the effects of dried poultry dropping based diets on the dry matter intake, live weight changes, nutrient digestibility and N-balanceof Konkan Kanyal goats. Thirty Konkan Kanyal goats aged between 9-12 months and with avera أکثر

This experimental trial was conducted to study the effects of dried poultry dropping based diets on the dry matter intake, live weight changes, nutrient digestibility and N-balanceof Konkan Kanyal goats. Thirty Konkan Kanyal goats aged between 9-12 months and with average weight of 13.66 kg were used in a randomized block design (RBD) experiment. The experimental goats were randomly assigned to five treatments (TI-T5). T1 were goats fed with 0% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD), T2 were fed with 20% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD), T3 were fed with 40% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD), T4 were fed with 60% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD), T5 were fed with 80% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD). Mean dry matter intake (kg) was higher in treatment groups supplemented with dried poultry droppings based diet T2, (572.99±18.12), T3, (614.09±27.76), T4, (605.37±32.79), T5 (619.24±9.15) in comparison to the control treatment group T1, (571.47±28.86). The final live body weight (kg) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T5 (19.4±1.27) than T1 (14.72±1.02), T2 (15.45±0.88), T3 (16.03±0.48) and slightly higher than T4(18.28±1.19). Similarly in feed conversion efficiency T5 (9.0±0.28) and (8.34±0.44) T4 performed significantly (P<0.05) better compared to other treatment groups: T3 (3.53±0.29), T2 (2.88±0.48) and T1 (2.89±0.34). Nutrient digestibility was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T5 in all parameters measured, N-balance was positive across the treatment groups with significant differences across the board. The results of this study suggests that feeding of dried poultry droppings based diets up to 80% inclusion to Konkan Kanyal goats consuming finger millet straw as basal diet would improve the feed value and give satisfactorily performance. تفاصيل المقالة

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9 - Preliminary Study on Productive and Reproductive Performances of Jamunapari, Black Bengal and Crossbred Goats at Chittagong Region of Bangladesh
ان. بومیک ام.ا م. میا ام.ام. رحمان اس. اسلام

The present study was conducted with a view to know the productive and reproductive performance of Jamunapari, Black Bengal and crossbred goats in Chittagong district during the period of May to December 2012. The data on productive and reproductive traits were collecte أکثر

The present study was conducted with a view to know the productive and reproductive performance of Jamunapari, Black Bengal and crossbred goats in Chittagong district during the period of May to December 2012. The data on productive and reproductive traits were collected from 324 goats as a whole. In the present study, the birth weight of Jamunapari goats was higher than other crosses. The adult weight of Jamunapari, Black Bengal and crossbred bucks and does were 50.70 ± 3.53, 24.27 ± 1.67 and 40.38 ± 2.90 kg and 45.47 ± 3.78, 21.06 ± 2.33 and 35.72 ± 2.97 kg, respectively. The highest milk yield and lactation period were observed in Jamunapari goats than other crosses. The average ageat puberty of Jamunapari, Black Bengal and crossbred goats were 335.00 ± 25.77,194.12 ± 18.73 and 287.50 ± 22.57 days, respectively. Ageat first conceptionof Jamunapari, Black Bengal and crossbred goats were 381.00 ± 22.54, 217.94 ± 16.87 and 321.25 ± 21.25 days,respectively. Ageat first kiddingof Jamunapari, Black Bengal and crossbred goats were 534.00 ± 24.58,368.12 ± 16.96 and 471.25 ± 21.25 days, respectively. The kidding interval of Black Bengal goat was lower i.e. the reproductive performance is better in Black Bengal goat than Jamunapari and crossbred goats.Gestation period of Jamunapari, Black Bengal and crossbred goats were 151.71 ± 8.19, 146.72 ± 7.61 and 147.85 ± 7.74 days, respectively. تفاصيل المقالة

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10 - Performance and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diet Containing Incremental Sodium Humate
T.T. Ikyume A.O. Yusuf A.O. Oni O.S. Sowande S. Ikuejamoye-Omotore S.S. Dansu

Problems relating to reduced performance owing to mineral deficiencies in grazing animals and oxidative stress occasioned by changing weather condition can be addressed through strategic mineral supplementation and improving antioxidant capacity of the animals. A 97-day أکثر

Problems relating to reduced performance owing to mineral deficiencies in grazing animals and oxidative stress occasioned by changing weather condition can be addressed through strategic mineral supplementation and improving antioxidant capacity of the animals. A 97-day trial was designed to assess the performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets with incremental levels of sodium humate. Thirty (30) WAD bucks of ages between 10-15 months were used for this study. The bucks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 g/kg diet of sodium humate laid out as completely randomized design. Data on weight changes, dry matter concentrate intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), nutrient digestibility and rate of mineral absorption were obtained and statistically analysed using the generalized linear model (GLM) of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 23). Results revealed that sodium humate supplementation improved (p <0.05) weight gain, FCR, mineral (Zn, Cu, Mn and Na) absorption and nutrient (dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ash, ether extracts (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF)) digestibility. Supplementation of sodium humate decreased concentrate intake (p <0.05). After 30 days of sodium humate supplementation, malondialdehyde (MDA) increased (p <0.05) at higher levels, glutathione peroxidase also increased up to the level of 7.5 g/kg diet sodium humate and then decreased in subsequent levels, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) observed to decrease (p <0.05). However, at 90 days of sodium humate supplementation, MDA, nitric oxide (NO) and bilirubin decreased (p <0.05) while albumin and uric acid increased (p <0.05).Conclusively, up to 12.5 g/kg diet supplementation of sodium humate sufficiently enhanced performance of WAD goats while also improving their antioxidant capacity. تفاصيل المقالة

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11 - Therapeutic Evaluation of Mineral Preparation for the Amelioration of Anaemia in Goats of Arid Zone of Rajasthan
D. Goklaney A.P. Singh R.K. Dhuria A. Ahuja

An experiment was conducted on eight weak and anaemic goats revealed pale conjunctivae, increased heart rate, rough hair coat, dullness and depression. The haematology showed significantly decreased haemoglobin (7.37±0.16 g %), packed cell volume (PCV)(23.37&plus أکثر

An experiment was conducted on eight weak and anaemic goats revealed pale conjunctivae, increased heart rate, rough hair coat, dullness and depression. The haematology showed significantly decreased haemoglobin (7.37±0.16 g %), packed cell volume (PCV)(23.37±0.56%),total erythrocyte count (TEC)(8.12±0.18 million/cumm), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) (9.10±0.30 pg) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (28.82±0.80 fl) in anaemic goats as compared to healthy goats. In anaemic goats, the serum level of total protein, albumin,albumin-globulin (A-G) ratio and blood glucose levels were significantly reduced. Biochemical analysis revealed decreased serum copper, cobalt and iron levels in anaemic goats. After haemato-biochemical analysis, anaemic goats were given a mineral preparation i.e., tablets COFECU plus at one tablet daily orally for 30 days. The anaemic goats gradually recovered by alleviating the anaemic syndrome in 30 days of treatment. The haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)parameters showed improvement after treatment but are not comparable with the values recorded for healthy control goats indicating some more duration for better recovery. No significant variations in neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophilsvalues were observed in anaemic goats before and after treatment. The biochemical parameters revealed decrease in total serum protein, albumin,albumin-globulin (A-G) ratio and glucose values in goats suffering from anaemia, which recovered satisfactorily as a result of treatment regimens given for 30 days. A significant improvement in serum copper, cobalt and iron levels were observed after treatment of 30 days but could not reach to the level of control. It can be concluded that tablet COFECU plus is quite effective with slow recovery rate in treating the nutritional anaemia in goats and suggest an increase in treatment period. تفاصيل المقالة

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12 - Potential for Using Leucaena leucocephala or Manihot esculenta Leaves for Supplementing Feeding of Goats in West Cameroon
F. Tendonkeng B. Boukila T.E. Pamo

The study of the potntial for using Leucaena leucocephala or Manihot esculentafor supplementing feeding of West African dwarf goats were carried out from November 2003 to January 2004 inthe Experimental Farm of the Universityof Dschang. Twenty four West African dwarf go أکثر

The study of the potntial for using Leucaena leucocephala or Manihot esculentafor supplementing feeding of West African dwarf goats were carried out from November 2003 to January 2004 inthe Experimental Farm of the Universityof Dschang. Twenty four West African dwarf goats, were divided in three groups of eight animals, each one 12 months old with average weight of 13.1±4.4 kg, were used in this study. The animals of the supplemented group received 500 gof Leucaena leucocephala(group 2) or 500 gof Manihot esculenta (group 3) per animal per day, whereas those of the control group (group 1) did not receive any supplement. The animals were weighed every 14 days for the evaluation of growth. The body condition score (BCS) was taken at the beginning and at the end of the study. A sample of 100 gof Leucaena leucocephalaor Manihot esculenta leaveswas taken for the chemical composition analysis. The supplements had a high percentage of crude proteins (26.1% DM and 28.1% DM respectively for Leucaena leucocephalaand Manihot esculenta leaves) and organic matter (91.3% DM and 92.8% DM respectively for Leucaena leucocephalaand Manihot esculenta leaves). The ash content was 8.7 and 7.3% DM for Leucaena leucocephalaand Manihot esculenta leaves, respectively. At the end of the study, the average BCS (3.9±0.1 and 3.7±0.1 for animals of group 2 and group 3) and average weight (AW) of the supplemented goats (15.5±3.7 kgand 15.4±3.3 kgfor animals of group 2 and group 3) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control group (BCS: 2.9±0.1; AW: 13.5±5.1 kg). The total weight gain was 0.7, 2.4 and 2.2 kgcorresponding to a daily average weight gain of 8.3, 30.4 and 27.6 g/d respectively for the animals of group 1, 2 and 3. The Leucaena leucocephalaor Manihot esculenta leaves significantly improved the growth of the West African dwarf goats in West Cameroon. تفاصيل المقالة

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13 - Rumen Microbial Community of Saanen Goats Adapted to a High-Fiber Diet in the Northeast of Iran
س.ه. ابراهیمی ر. ولی‌زاده و. حیدریان میری

Swiss Saanen goat is a widespread breed frequently found in commercial herds across the world. The present study aimed to identify the rumen microbial community of exotic Saanen goats adapted to a fibrous diet using barcoded pyrosequencing. Rumen content samples were co أکثر

Swiss Saanen goat is a widespread breed frequently found in commercial herds across the world. The present study aimed to identify the rumen microbial community of exotic Saanen goats adapted to a fibrous diet using barcoded pyrosequencing. Rumen content samples were collected from the four animals via a stomach tube after the morning graze and freeze-dried for DNA extraction. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA and protozoal 18S rRNA genes were sequenced by 454 titanium pyrosequencing and analyzed using the quantitative insights into microbial ecology (QIIME) software package. Obtained results indicated that at the genus level, Prevotella (Bacteroidetes phylum) dominated the assigned sequence, with the relative abundance accounting for 29.41 ± 4.27% of the total bacteria. The second most abundant bacteria in the rumen of Saanen goats was an unclassified Bacteroidales (Bacteroidetes phylum) (11.01±0.94%). In addition, Firmicutes phylum was recorded as the second most frequent phylum and three unclassified genera, which belonged to the order Clostridiales, constituted21.42% of the total bacteria. Entodinium was the most abundant protozoal genus, comprising 46.78 ± 9.13% of the protozoal community, followed by Epidinium and Ophryoscolex (12.37±0.06 and 11.92±7.7, respectively). Almost half the archaeal community (43.71±1.57%) was composed of Methanoplasmatales- related sequences and Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii clade (35.79±4.84%) and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium clade (13.36±6.34%) were the second and third most dominant archaea, respectively. Overall, further efforts should be made to apply culture-based methods for the identification of remarkable number of unclassified bacteria in the rumen of goats. تفاصيل المقالة

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14 - Major Udder Morphology Traits and Their Relationship with Milk Production in Tunisian Local Goats
A. Ahlem M.J. Carabaño L. Aicha A. Mouldi B.S. Farah N. Sghaier

Improving the productivity of local goat population adapted to harsh environments is crucial for their sustainability. For local goat population oriented to meat production, this improvement relies on the capacity of goats to produce more milk to increase kids weight at أکثر

Improving the productivity of local goat population adapted to harsh environments is crucial for their sustainability. For local goat population oriented to meat production, this improvement relies on the capacity of goats to produce more milk to increase kids weight at weaning. In this context, the present study aimed to describe the main measurements of the mammary gland and to establish their possible relationships with daily milk production. A total of 85 lactating goats from a local goat population from an agro pastoral herd in the Southern region of Tunisia were used. Udder morphological traits recorded were udder depth, udder circumference, teat length, teat diameter, teat circumference, teat height from ground, distance between teats and udder volume. The morphological component has shown strong heterogeneity between the animals under the same breeding conditions. Teat’s form has shown high heterogeneity between individuals and within the same animal. The values of all udder morphological parameters were significantly (P<0.05) higher in multiparous than primiparous goats, except the teat height from ground, which had a reverse result. Daily milk production was positively (P<0.01) correlated with all udder morphological traits, except teat height from ground (THG) where the correlation was negative. Overall, measurements relative to udder capacity (volume, depth and circumference) showed good potential as morphological candidates to be used as indirect indicators of milk production in extensive systems. In addition, teat characteristics, mainly length, but also diameter and circumference showed potential as indicators for milk production and milk ability, important for a good suckling yield and good adaptation to milking machines. Some environmental factors such as lactation stage and age of the doe affect the mammary morphology and this will have to be taken into account when designing the optimal time of recording for these traits. Such knowledge will help to get better management and improved performance of this population, adapted to arid conditions and exploited in an area threatened by desertification. تفاصيل المقالة

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15 - Effect of Polyherbal Formulations on Blood Haematological Constituents and Immunity in Non-DescriptGoats
S. Nanda S.P. Tiwari R. Rathore

A 90 day study was conducted on twenty four indigenous non-descript goats allocated into four groups. They were fed ad libitum basal complete feed constituted rice straw: rhea (60:40) grass hay and concentrate mixture @ 250/animal/day. Basal complete feed contain 11.07% أکثر

A 90 day study was conducted on twenty four indigenous non-descript goats allocated into four groups. They were fed ad libitum basal complete feed constituted rice straw: rhea (60:40) grass hay and concentrate mixture @ 250/animal/day. Basal complete feed contain 11.07% DCP and 54.21% TDN. Groups were control (T0) basal diet without polyherbal supplementation, treatment 1 (T1) diet with Ruchamax @ 10 g/day/animal, treatment 2 (T2) diet with AV/DAC/16 @ 10 g/day/animal and treatment 3 (T0) diet with AV/RMF/17 @ 10 g/day/animal. The experiment was designed to investigate the efficacy of polyherbal formulations on blood haematological constituents and immunological response in goats. Total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and PCV were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 and T1 than T2 andT0. HA titer was found to be significantlyhigher in AV/RMF/17 and Ruchamax though they did not differ significantly from each other. تفاصيل المقالة

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16 - Quality Characteristics of Chevon Sausage Obtained from Goats Fed a 50% Inclusion Level of Melon (Colocynthis citrillus) Husk and Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Oil Slurry
K.A. Sanwo S.O. Iposu J.A. Adegbite S.S. Abiola O.A. Fanimo

A study was undertaken to determine effect of nutritional value of Melon husk (MH) and Palm oil slurry (POS) on quality of chevon obtained from West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed finishing diets as follows: diet 1(0% MH, 0% POS); diet 2 (50% MH, 0% POS); diet 3 (0% MH, أکثر

A study was undertaken to determine effect of nutritional value of Melon husk (MH) and Palm oil slurry (POS) on quality of chevon obtained from West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed finishing diets as follows: diet 1(0% MH, 0% POS); diet 2 (50% MH, 0% POS); diet 3 (0% MH, 50% POS) and diet 4 (50% MH, 50% POS), along with Panicum maximum as basal diet for all dietary treatment groups. After 60 days of feeding, eight goats (two goats per treatment) were slaughtered and muscles from the forelegs were used to produce chevon sausages, respectively. Proximate composition, sensory evaluation, cooking and refrigerated weight losses of sausages were determined. All data generated were analyzed as a oneway analysis of variance in a completely randomized design using SPSS statistical package. The study showed that values obtained for dry matter contents of the diets ranged from 89.53% to 89.81%. Cooking weight loss of the chevon sausages showed no significant (P>0.05) difference but refrigerated weight loss was lowest for sausages from goats fed diet 3 at 0.37%, with a high crude fat content of 13.30%. In conclusion, palm oil slurry reduced refrigerated weight loss in chevon sausage while organoleptic properties of chevon sausage, such as flavor, juiciness, saltiness e.t.c. were not influenced by dietary treatments. تفاصيل المقالة

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17 - Correlations among Certain Growth and Production Traits in Different Breeds of Goats
ر. خانداکر م.ک.ای. خان م.م. ممین

The study was conducted to estimate the genetic and phenotypic correlations among body measurements, body weight, kidding interval, kidding rate and milk yield in the different breeds of goat. Data was collected on 95 goats of three breeds (Jamunapari, Black Bengal and أکثر

The study was conducted to estimate the genetic and phenotypic correlations among body measurements, body weight, kidding interval, kidding rate and milk yield in the different breeds of goat. Data was collected on 95 goats of three breeds (Jamunapari, Black Bengal and their crosses (Jamunapari×Black Bengal) through direct observation. The average body weight of Jamunapari goat was 34.75 ± 3.33 kg higher than Black Bengal (27.54 ± 5.332 kg) goats. It was observed that Jamunapari goat (0.65 ± 0.187 L/day) produces higher daily milk during lactation length than Black Bengal (0.50±0.094 L/day), leading to higher lactation milk production of this goat. The kidding rate and kidding interval were 1.33 ± 0.466 and 223.27 ± 11.19 days in Jamunapari, 1.475 ± 0.555 and 247.94 ± 17.23 days in crossbred, 1.75 and 160.83 ± 16.57 days in Black Bengal goats, respectively. The heritability estimates of body weight, milk yield and lactation milk yield were 0.29 to 0.32, 0.25 to 0.20 and 0.30 to 0.32 for all breeds of goat. The genetic correlation (rg) and phenotypic correlation (rp) of body weight were positive with all traits except the rg with lactation yield. The body length had negative rp with lactation production and negative rg with daily milk yield and lactation production. The body height has negative rp with kidding rate, kidding interval, milk yield and lactation production and positive rg only with kidding interval in all breeds. The high and positive correlations (either genetic or phenotypic) are important predictors of traits for improvement. Hence, these can be valuable tools for making selection/culling decisions for improved productivity of goats. تفاصيل المقالة

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18 - Effects of Supplementing Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seed Hulls and Commercial Concentrate on Grazing Weanling Boer-Goats
جی.کا. متهتهو م. لتسو اس.اس. رامابو کا. تشیرلتسو

The objective of the study was to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and growth performance of weanling Boer-goats supplemented with cowpea seed hulls (CSH) and commercial concentrate / feed (CF) with natural pasture as basal diet. أکثر

The objective of the study was to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and growth performance of weanling Boer-goats supplemented with cowpea seed hulls (CSH) and commercial concentrate / feed (CF) with natural pasture as basal diet. Weanling Boer-goats (n=36) were assigned to 3 treatments comprising of 4 animals each (2 bucklings and 2 females) replicated three times in a completely randomized design (CRD) matrix. The goats aged between 12 and 18 months with initial body mass ranging from 17.5 - 38 kg (Mean±SD; 26.32±6.36). They were fed in a 42 d period as follows: diet 1 was the non-supplemented natural browse / pasture (control), diet 2 was the natural browse/pasture supplemented with commercial concentrate and diet 3 was the natural browse / pasture supplemented with cowpea seed hulls. Each of the supplemented diets was fed at the rate of 300 g per goat per day at 08:30 a.m. before goats could be released to graze/browse on the natural pasture within the paddock. Goats that grazed / browsed natural pasture alone (control) lost average weight of 1.12 kg, while goats that grazed / browsed natural pasture and supplemented with commercial concentrate gained 4.74 kg. Lastly, goats on basal diet and supplemented with cowpea seed hulls had average weight gain of 0.58 kg. Cowpea seed hulls can provide adequate protein and energy levels to sustain goat production during the extended dry season. The weight gain maintained during the dry season could easily upsurge when the conditions normalize after the first rains, hence early conception rate of goats. تفاصيل المقالة

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19 - Molecular Characterization of Iraqi Local Goat Breeds Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Y. Muhammad Salih Al-Barzinj ر. اسمات اوراماری ر. عبد الغنی ال-سنجوری

Cashmere is only produced from Maraz (Kurdi) goat breed in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of different Maraz color types, black goat and Shami breeds using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen أکثر

Cashmere is only produced from Maraz (Kurdi) goat breed in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of different Maraz color types, black goat and Shami breeds using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen primers were used and nine out of them were selected based on their number of bands (NB) and polymorphic characteristics. These primers generated a total of 154 bands ranged from 100 to 2800 bp. Out of the total bands detected only 50 bands were found to be polymorphic. Thirteen unique bands were found in Maraz goat, whereas the highest unique band was obtained in primer 7-MO2 locus. The overall Nei’s gene diversity (gene diversity/heterozygosity) averaged 0.40, while the Shannon diversity index value was 0.58 ranged from 0.45 to 0.69. Phylogenetic dendrograms showed that three clusters, the 1st cluster branch consisted of the black goat breed, the 2nd cluster includes Shami goat with both black and light brown Maraz goat. The 3rd cluster includes both white and dark brown Maraz goats. Maraz color types grouped in one cluster that contains white and dark brown types and the black with light brown types were included in another cluster. It was concluded that the Maraz goat breed was closer to Shami goat than to the black goat breed. تفاصيل المقالة

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20 - Reproductive and Lactation Characteristics of West African Dwarf Goats Offered Moringa oleifera Herbage Supplement
O.T. Ojoawo J.A. Akinlade A.A. Akingbade O.A. Aderinola D.O. Okunlola

Nutrition improvement with multipurpose trees could be a means of increasing milk yield. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera supplementation on the productive and reproductive performance of goats. The Panicum maximum was replaced أکثر

Nutrition improvement with multipurpose trees could be a means of increasing milk yield. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera supplementation on the productive and reproductive performance of goats. The Panicum maximum was replaced by Moringa oleifera at the level of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of group T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. Data recorded on conception rate, kids’ birth weight; dry matter intake (DM), average daily gain, and milk yield; and kids’ DM intake of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. The highest value for conception rate (50%), DM intake (3.08%), average daily gain (44.30 g/day), and milk yield (0.5 kg/day) were observed in the does fed T4 diet, except for kids birth weight (1.70 kg) at T3. The does fed T5 diet had the least values. Kids from T4 diet had significantly (P=0.05) the highest DM intake (152.33 g/day). M. oleifera herbage supplementation at 25 % with 75 % P. maximum based diet improved reproductive and lactation characteristics of WAD goats. تفاصيل المقالة

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21 - Image Process Tool an Alternative Method for Quantitative Assessment of Mammary Gland Structure in Mohabadi Goat
S. Nazmi Karkaj A. Javanmard S. Alijani K. Hasanpur S. Sadeghi

Milking ability in goat farming is not particularly new, however, it has frameworks for receiving economic benefits from marketing of milk. For this reason, investigation of varied methods plays an important role to evaluate mammary gland structure in dairy animal. Henc أکثر

Milking ability in goat farming is not particularly new, however, it has frameworks for receiving economic benefits from marketing of milk. For this reason, investigation of varied methods plays an important role to evaluate mammary gland structure in dairy animal. Hence, the overall objective of current work was to test the image processing tools as an alternative method for quantitative assessment of mammary gland structure in Mohabadi goat. Under this circumstance, survey data was collected from 72 Mohabadi does from research station of Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran. The fixed effects for each candidate animal consists of pedigree, birth date, milk characteristics as well as monitoring the history of record during assessment was monitored. Image process tools was based on two stages: First, three different camera photos were taken from different angels of mammary gland structure from both sides of each animal and next step, Digimizzer image processing software was employed for further analysis and estimation of seven morphological dimensions (udder length, teat length and teat angle at both sides and as well as udder height). To investigate this statistically, the descriptive statistics, correlation, different regression analysis, principal component analysis and as well as association study between linear mammary gland traits and milk were analyzed using SAS 9.3 software. The highest correlation was observed in the length of right and left udder (r=0.67 P<0.05). The results revealed that the milk yield was significantly influenced by the length of the right teat (P<0.05). In conclusion, digital image processing may be considered as alternative tools for linear morphological characterization that would provide more accurate observation and measurements on the indigenous goat population. تفاصيل المقالة

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22 - شناسایی سریع و هم زمان عوامل بیماریزا و تیپ های کپسولی پاستورلا مالتوسیدا جدا شده از گوسفند و بز با روش Multiplex PCR
سمانه دانش لاری یحیی تهمتن معصومه حیاتی محمد کارگر

سابقه و هدف: باکتری پاستورلا مالتوسیدا به صورت هم زیست در دستگاه تنفسی فوقانی و سیستم گوارشی بسیاری از حیوانات اهلی و وحشی وجود دارد. سروتیپ هایA و D این باکتری از مهم ترین عوامل ایجاد کننده ذات الریه در گوسفند و بز به شمار می روند. فیمبریه و ادهسین، کپسول، توکسین، فاکت أکثر

سابقه و هدف: باکتری پاستورلا مالتوسیدا به صورت هم زیست در دستگاه تنفسی فوقانی و سیستم گوارشی بسیاری از حیوانات اهلی و وحشی وجود دارد. سروتیپ هایA و D این باکتری از مهم ترین عوامل ایجاد کننده ذات الریه در گوسفند و بز به شمار می روند. فیمبریه و ادهسین، کپسول، توکسین، فاکتور جذب آهن، پروتئین غشای خارجی از مهم ترین فاکتورهای بیماریزای این باکتری محسوب می شوند. هدف از این پژوهش طراحی روشMultiplex PCR برای تشخیص هم زمان و سریع مهم ترین ژن های بیماریزا، تیپ بندی کپسولی و نیز شناسایی پاستورلامالتوسیدا جدا شده از گوسفند و بز دارای علائم تنفسی در استان فارس بود. مواد و روش ها: در مجموع 500 سوآب از لوزه و بینی گوسفند و بز دارای علائم تنفسی و مشکوک به پاستورولوز تنفسی از استان فارس جمع آوری گردید. در ابتدا با استفاده از تست های های بیوشیمیایی گونه باکتری شناسایی و تأئید گردید. سپس به کمک پرایمرهای اختصاصی مهم ترین فاکتورهای حدت باکتری به همراه تیپ کپسولی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: در این مطالعه 8/83 درصد از سویه های پاستورلا مالتوسیدا سروتیپ کپسولی A و 4/6 درصد سروتیپ D بودند. همچنین میزان فراوانی ژن های omph, ptfA, hgbA, toxA به ترتیب 4/77%، 19/74%، 74/67% و 74/67% گزارش گردید. نتیجه گیری: اکثر سویه های پاستورلا مالتوسیدا جدا شده از گوسفندان و بزها در استان فارس توکسیژن بودند و سروتیپ کپسولیA در بین جدایه ها شیوع بیشتری داشت. از میان ژن های بیماریزای مورد بررسی، دو ژن toxA وompH کد کننده درمونکروتوکسین و پروتئین غشای خارجی، بیشترین میزان شیوع را در سویه های جداسازی شده از گوسفند و بزها داشتند. بنابراین پایش دو ژن یاد شده می تواند نقش موثری در اپیدمیولوژی و عفونت تنفسی گوسفند و بز داشته باشد. تفاصيل المقالة

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23 - بررسی سرولوژیکی توکسوپلاسما گوندی در بزهای مرغز ماده سقز، کردستان
غزاله ادهمی آرام پرویزی

10.30495/vmj.2021.687378

زمینه و هدف: توکسوپلاسما گوندی یکی از انگل‌های تک یاخته ای مشترک منتقله از گوشت می‌باشد که موجب عفونت مادرزادی، سقط جنین ومرده زائی در انسان و حیوانات می‌شود. بز یکی از مهمترین منابع تولیدات گوشتی در استان کردستان می‌باشد و مصرف گوشت خام یا نیم پخته یکی از مهمترین ریسک أکثر

زمینه و هدف: توکسوپلاسما گوندی یکی از انگل‌های تک یاخته ای مشترک منتقله از گوشت می‌باشد که موجب عفونت مادرزادی، سقط جنین ومرده زائی در انسان و حیوانات می‌شود. بز یکی از مهمترین منابع تولیدات گوشتی در استان کردستان می‌باشد و مصرف گوشت خام یا نیم پخته یکی از مهمترین ریسک فاکتورهای ابتلا به عفونت توکسوپلاسمایی می‌باشد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی شیوع سرمی آلودگی به توکسوپلاسما گوندی در بزهای مرغز ماده سقز در استان کردستان در غرب ایران می‌باشد.مواد و روش ها: دریک مطالعه مقطعی 188 نمونه سرمی (144 نمونه سرم متعلق به بزهای با سابقه سقط جنین و 44 نمونه متعلق به بزهای بدون سابقه سقط جنین ) جهت ارزیابی آنتی بادی‌ های توکسوپلاسما گوندی به روش الایزا به کار گرفته شد.نتایج: از مجموع 188 سرم بررسی شده در این مطالعه 38 سرم با استفاده از تکنیک الایزا از نظرآلودگی به توکسوپلاسما گوندی مثبت تشخیص داده شدند که در مجموع میزان آلودگی بزهای مورد مطالعه 2/20 درصد بود. از مجموع 56 بز مرغز زیر 2 سال، 2 مورد (57/3%) ازنظر آلودگی به توکسوپلاسما وازمجموع 132 بز مرغز بالای 2 سال، 36 مورد (27/27%) مثبت بودند. دربررسی‌های آماری ارتباط معنی‌داری بین میزان آلودگی وگروه‌های سنی دیده شد (05/0p<). از مجموع 144 بز مرغز باسابقه سقط جنین، 36 مورد (25%) از نظر آلودگی به توکسوپلاسما و از مجموع 44 بز مرغز بدون سابقه سقط جنین، 2 مورد (54/4%) مثبت بودند. در بررسی‌های آماری همچنین ارتباط معنی‌داری بین میزان آلودگی و سقط جنین دیده شد(05/0p<).بحث و نتیجه گیری: باتوجه به شیوع توکسوپلاسما در بزهای مرغز اطلاع‌رسانی در راستای پیشگیری و کنترل و نیز خودداری از مصرف گوشت نپخته یا کم پخته شده درکنار مطالعات مولکولی توصیه می‌شود. تفاصيل المقالة

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24 - Importance of Water Quality in Small Ruminants’ Productivity
A. Cervantes G. López F.J. Monge A. Estrada A. Plascencia

Successful breeding and raising of sheep and goats depend on appropriate sanitary and nutritional manage-ment, where water plays a crucial role. Alterations in water quality and availability might lead to alterations in animal productivity. Small ruminants are capable o أکثر

Successful breeding and raising of sheep and goats depend on appropriate sanitary and nutritional manage-ment, where water plays a crucial role. Alterations in water quality and availability might lead to alterations in animal productivity. Small ruminants are capable of ingesting water in a wide range of qualities with little or no effect on health and performance, however; some elements and microorganisms present in high concentrations can produce a negative effect on health status and weight gain performance, being the qual-ity of water, an essential factor affecting the profitability of small ruminant production. The effects on cat-tle's productive performance of compounds like total dissolved solids, sulfates, and sulfur in drinking water have been documented. However, there needs to be more information available on the effect on sheep and goats, being necessary to increase the efforts to carry out studies to evaluate the effect of the physicochemi-cal and microbiological quality of drinking water on the health and productive performance of small rumi-nants. Water quality affects the efficiency of diet energy utilization in lambs. However, there is scares in-formation about this topic to reevaluate the qualification of water as “well water”. This review presents the effects of drinking water's different physicochemical and microbiological characteristics on the productivity of small ruminants. Also, it addresses water quality and its effect on productivity from an energy perspec-tive. تفاصيل المقالة

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