Major Udder Morphology Traits and Their Relationship with Milk Production in Tunisian Local Goats
الموضوعات :A. Ahlem 1 , M.J. Carabaño 2 , L. Aicha 3 , A. Mouldi 4 , B.S. Farah 5 , N. Sghaier 6
1 - Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Regions, University of Gabès, Medenine, Tunisia
2 - Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra Coruña, Madrid, 28040, Spain
3 - Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Regions, University of Gabès, Medenine, Tunisia
4 - Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Regions, University of Gabès, Medenine, Tunisia
5 - Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Regions, University of Gabès, Medenine, Tunisia
6 - Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Regions, University of Gabès, Medenine, Tunisia
الکلمات المفتاحية: milk production, udder morphology, agro pastoral farming, local goats,
ملخص المقالة :
Improving the productivity of local goat population adapted to harsh environments is crucial for their sustainability. For local goat population oriented to meat production, this improvement relies on the capacity of goats to produce more milk to increase kids weight at weaning. In this context, the present study aimed to describe the main measurements of the mammary gland and to establish their possible relationships with daily milk production. A total of 85 lactating goats from a local goat population from an agro pastoral herd in the Southern region of Tunisia were used. Udder morphological traits recorded were udder depth, udder circumference, teat length, teat diameter, teat circumference, teat height from ground, distance between teats and udder volume. The morphological component has shown strong heterogeneity between the animals under the same breeding conditions. Teat’s form has shown high heterogeneity between individuals and within the same animal. The values of all udder morphological parameters were significantly (P<0.05) higher in multiparous than primiparous goats, except the teat height from ground, which had a reverse result. Daily milk production was positively (P<0.01) correlated with all udder morphological traits, except teat height from ground (THG) where the correlation was negative. Overall, measurements relative to udder capacity (volume, depth and circumference) showed good potential as morphological candidates to be used as indirect indicators of milk production in extensive systems. In addition, teat characteristics, mainly length, but also diameter and circumference showed potential as indicators for milk production and milk ability, important for a good suckling yield and good adaptation to milking machines. Some environmental factors such as lactation stage and age of the doe affect the mammary morphology and this will have to be taken into account when designing the optimal time of recording for these traits. Such knowledge will help to get better management and improved performance of this population, adapted to arid conditions and exploited in an area threatened by desertification.
Adebayo J. and Chineke C. (2011). Evaluation of West African dwarf goat for some qualitative traits in Southwestern Nigeria. African J. Agric. Res. 6, 6204-6207.
Akporhuarho P.O., Orheruata J.A., Otoikhian C.S.O. and Igene F.U. (2010). Evaluation of udder size and milk yield of white bornu goats reared under on-field research environment. J. Appl. Nat. Sci. 11, 1-6.
Alexandre G., Aumont G., Mainaud J.C., Fleury J. and Naves M. (1999). Productive performances of Guadeloupean Creole goats during the suckling period. Small Rumin. Res. 34, 157-162.
Amao O.A.O.A., Osinowo C.A.M., Lakpini M.A., Dipeolu S.S. and Onwuka C.F.I. (2003). Types and frequency of udder shapes and abnormalities in West African Dwarf and Red Sokoto goats. Nigerian J. Anim. Prod. 30, 246-252.
Arranz J., López de Munain J.M. and Lara J. (1989). Evolution of udder morphological traits in Latxaewesalong the milking period. Pp. 89-93 in Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Machine Milk. Small Rumin. Tel Aviv, Israel, p. 89-93.
Atigui M. (2014). Caractéristiques anatomo-physiologiques de la glande mammaire chez la chamelle en Tunisie et son aptitude à la mécanisation de la traite. Ph D. Thesis. Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunisia.
Atoui A., Carabaño J.M., Diaz C. and Najari S. (2019). Genetic analysis of live weight of local kids to promote genetic evaluations in the arid areas of Tunisia. J. Trop. Anim. Res. 52, 955-968.
Capote J., Arguello A., Castro N., Lopez J.L. and Caja G. (2006). Short communication: Correlations between udder morphology, milk yield and milking ability with different milking frequencies in dairy goats. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 2076-2079.
Clément V., Martin P. and Barillet F. (2006). Elaboration d’un index synthétique caprin combinant les caractères laitiers et des caractères de morphologie mammaire. Renc. Rech. Rumin. 13, 209-212.
Das D. and Sidhu N.S. (1975). Relation between udder and teat traits and milk yield in Barbari and Black Bengal breeds of goat, Capra hircus. Indian J. Hered. 7, 1-7.
Deokar D.K., Lawar V.S. and Ulmekl B.R. (2006). Morphological characteristics of Osmanabadi goats. Indian J. Small. Rumin. 12, 13-15.
Fernández G., Alvarez P., San Primitivo F. and De la Fuente L.F. (1995). Factorsaffecting variation of udder traits of dairyewes. J. Dairy Sci. 78, 842-849.
Gallego L., Caja G. and Torres A. (1983). [Study on the typolgy and morphological characteristics of udders in Manchega ewes during lactation]. Pp. 100-116 in Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Mechanic Milk. Small Rumin. Valladolid, Spain.
Ghosh B. and Prasad J. (1998). Milk yield and composition as influenced by udder measurements in Jersey × Red Sindhi crosses. Indian J. Anim. Prod. 14, 23-25.
Haldar A., Pal S.K., Chakraborty S., Hazorika M., Pan S., Majumdar D. and Prakash B. (2013). Endocrine markers for identifying prolificacy potential and predicting fetal number in goats. J. Anim. Repro. Sci. 140, 54-61.
Hassan M.R.,Talukder M.A.I. and Sultana S. (2010). Evaluation of the production characteristics of the Jamunapari goat and its adaptability to farm conditions in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Vet. 27, 26-35.
Horak F. and Gerza J. (1969). Morphological udder characteritics in goats. J. Dairy Sci. 32, 738-746.
Horal F. (1971). Evaluation of the morphology of udder characters in the goats. Hodnoceni tvatrovych vlastnosti. Vemen koz. Chovatel. 10, 162-170.
Jalouali S. (2000). Rentabilité du Croisement Dabsorption de La chèvre Locale Dans Les Oasis du Sud Tunisien. Mémoire fin études, Ecole supérieure de Mograne, Tunisie.
James I.J., Osinowo O.A. and Adegbasa O.I. (2009). Evaluation of udder traits of west african dwarf (wad) goats and sheep in Ogun state, Nigeria. J. Agric. Sci. Environ. 9, 7587-7595.
Kappes R., Knob D.A.,Thaler Neto A., Alessio D.R.M., Rodrigues W.B., Scholz A.M. and Bonotto R. (2020). Cow’s functional traits and physiological status and their relation with milk yield and milk quality in a compost bedded pack barn system. R. Bras. Zootec. 49, 201-213.
Kashyap D.K., Giri D.K. and Dewangan G. (2014). Prevalance of udder and teat affections in non-descript goats in Rajasthan. Small. Rumin. Res. 20, 131-133.
Margatho G., Quintas H., Rodríguez-Estévez V. and Simões J. (2020). Udder morphometry and its relationship with intramammary infections and somatic cell count in Serrana goats. Animals. 10, 1534-1544.
Mavrogenis A.P., Papachristoforou C., Lysandrides P. and Roushias A. (1989). Environmental and genetic effects on udder characteristics and milk production in Damascus goats. Small Rumin. Res. 2, 333-343.
Montaldo H. and Martinez-Lozano F.J. (1993). Phenotypic relationships between udder and milking characteristics, milk-production and California mastitis test in goats. Small Rumin. Res. 12, 329-337.
Najari S., Ben hamouda M. and Khaldi G. (2002). Expression of the kid's genotypes in arid regions conditions. Pp. 401-404 in World Congr. Genet. Appl. Livest. Pod., Montpellier, France.
Najari S. (2005). Caractéristiques zootechnique et génétique d’une population animale: Cas de la population caprines locale des régions arides tunisiennes. Ph D. Thesis. Inst. National Agron., Tunisie, Africa.
Odubote I.K. (1994). Characteristics of the west africain Dwarf goats for certain qualitative traits. Nigerian J. Anim. Prod. 21, 134-144.
Ozoje M.O. (2002). Incidence and relative effects of qualitative traits in West African Dwarf goat. Small Rumin. Res. 43, 97-100.
Papachristoforou C. and Mavrogenis A.P. (1981). Udder Characteristics of Chios Sheep and Their Relation to Milk Production and Machine Milking. Teach Paper 20, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Peris S., Caja G. and Such X. (1999). Relationship between udder and milking traits in Murciano-Granadina goats. Small Rumin. Res. 33, 171-79.
Peralta L.M., Pedraza V.P. and Sánchez M.E. (2001). Preeliminar study on themorphology of the Chiapas ewe breed. Pp. 23-29 in Proc. 6th in Nac. Congr. Sheep Prod., Mérida, Yucatán, México.
Cappio-Borlino A., Macciotta N.P.P. and Pulina G. (1997). The shape of Sarda ewe lactation curve analysed by a compartmental model. Livest. Prod. Sci. 51, 8996-9005.
Purroy A., Martin J.L. and Jurado J.J. (1982). Mechanical milking attitude in the Churra breed. I. Udder morphological characterisitics. Ann. INIA: Livest. Ser. 16, 41-51.
Rovai M. (2001). Morphologic and physiologic traits affectingmechanical milking ability in the Manchega and Lacaubesheepbreeds. Ph D. Thesis. Barcelona Autonomous Univ., Barcelona, Spain.
Siddik A., Karaca S. and Mertagioglu H. (2005). A study of relationships between milk yield and some udder traits by using of path analysis in Akkeci goats. Vet. Anim. Sci. 4, 547-550.
SPSS Inc. (2011). Statistical Package for Social Sciences Study. SPSS for Windows, Version 20. Chicago SPSS Inc., USA.
Strzałkowska N., Jóźwik A. and Horbańczuk J.O. (2009). Studies upon genetic and environmental factors affecting the cholesterol content of cow milk. I. Relationship between the polymorphic form of beta-lactoglobulin, somatic cell count, cow age and stage of lactation and cholesterol content of milk. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. 27, 95103-95111.
Zhang C., Yang L. and Shen Z. (2008). Variance components and genetic parameters for weight and size at birth in the Boer goat. Livest. Sci. 115, 73-79.
