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1 - Study of nonlinear optical properties of platinum and gold nanoparticles under a CW laser irradiation at 532 nm
Mina EslamifarThis work presents a study on the thermo-optical properties of colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) under a low power laser irradiation at 532 nm. Samples of gold and platinum are synthesized by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of pure أکثرThis work presents a study on the thermo-optical properties of colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) under a low power laser irradiation at 532 nm. Samples of gold and platinum are synthesized by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of pure gold and platinum plates in the distilled water. The formation of the AuNPs and PtNPs has been evidenced by optical absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy. The thermo-optical properties of AuNPs and PtNPs are studied using Z-scan technique. The nonlinear optical measurments exhibit a very large nonlinear refraction close to the surface plasmon resonance frequency of the nanoparticles. Our results reveal that the diffusion in the colloids is due to nonlocal thermal process. This work suggests that thermal nonlinear refraction will play an important role in development of photonic application involving metal nanoparticles colloids تفاصيل المقالة -
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2 - Effect of hydrothermal temperature on the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles
Malligavathy Rajakumar Pathinettam PadiyanWe report the significance of hydrothermal temperature of TiO2 nanoparticles on the crystallinity, band gap and the photocatalytic degradation of congo red dye. These nanoparticles are synthesized by hydrothermal method at 120 ˚C, 140 ˚C and 160 ˚C. The anatase phases o أکثرWe report the significance of hydrothermal temperature of TiO2 nanoparticles on the crystallinity, band gap and the photocatalytic degradation of congo red dye. These nanoparticles are synthesized by hydrothermal method at 120 ˚C, 140 ˚C and 160 ˚C. The anatase phases of the samples are confirmed from the X-ray diffraction pattern and the surface morphology of the sample is visualized in a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. The observed optical band gap value supported that TiO2 nanoparticles can be used as a visible light photocatalytic which is also in agreement with the photoluminescence spectrum. TiO2 nanoparticles prepared at 160 ˚C degrades 98.3 % of congo red in 90 min and the kinetics of degradation is analysed using both pseudo first (Langmuir Hinshelwood model) and second order equations. It is found that the pseudo second order (Blanchard) equation fits well for the whole range of degradation with the correlation coefficient of 0.9999. تفاصيل المقالة -
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3 - Annealing temperature effect on the properties of untreated and treated copper films with oxygen plasma
Alireza Hojabri Fatemeh Hajakbari Nasrin Soltanpoor Maryam Sadat HedayatiAbstractIn this work, the copper films were deposited on quartz substrates by DC magnetron sputtering method and then, the prepared films were annealed in air atmosphere at different annealing temperatures. Before annealing, some of the copper films, treated by oxygen p أکثرAbstractIn this work, the copper films were deposited on quartz substrates by DC magnetron sputtering method and then, the prepared films were annealed in air atmosphere at different annealing temperatures. Before annealing, some of the copper films, treated by oxygen plasma, for comparison of the results. The structural and morphological properties of the films have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy, and four point probe techniques. XRD results exhibited that the cuprous oxide phase changes to cupric oxide by enhancing of annealing temperatures. Also, oxygen plasma treatment can cause the better crystallinity for the prepared copper oxide films. The results confirm that oxygen plasma treatment, affected the crystal size, grain size, average roughness, sheet resistivity and strain of the films. The optical characteristics of the oxygen plasma treated films, such as refractive index, extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient were calculated by straight forward method proposed by Swanepoel using transmittance measurements. Moreover it was found that annealing temperature augmentation lead to decrease the optical band gap energy calculated using Tauc’s relation from 2.45 to 1.80 eV. تفاصيل المقالة -
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4 - Quantum wire with parallelogram cross section: optical properties
Reza KhordadAbstractIn the present work, the optical properties of a GaAs quantum wire with a parallelogram cross section are studied. In this regard, we have used the expressions for the optical properties obtained by the compact-density matrix formalism. Here, we have investigate أکثرAbstractIn the present work, the optical properties of a GaAs quantum wire with a parallelogram cross section are studied. In this regard, we have used the expressions for the optical properties obtained by the compact-density matrix formalism. Here, we have investigated the intersubband optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes as a function of the structure parameter of the wire (side length) and the incident optical intensity. According to the obtained results, it is found that (1) the total refractive index changes increase and shift towards lower energies when the side length increases and that (2) the total absorption coefficient decreases as the side length increases. Also, the resonance peak shifts towards lower energies by increasing the side length. تفاصيل المقالة -
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5 - Design, synthesis, and characterization of TPA-thiophene-based amide or imine functionalized molecule for potential optoelectronic devices
Prashant K Sarswat Amarchand Sathyapalan Yakun Zhu Michael L FreeAbstractNew sets of molecules containing tri-phenyl-amine (TPA) core and thiophene unit with amide and imine functional groups are designed, synthesized, characterized, and compared. These are solution processable small molecules with high mobility. The newly designed m أکثرAbstractNew sets of molecules containing tri-phenyl-amine (TPA) core and thiophene unit with amide and imine functional groups are designed, synthesized, characterized, and compared. These are solution processable small molecules with high mobility. The newly designed molecules have better solubility due to the C=N (imine) and CONH2 (amide) moiety as compared to the established molecules with CH=CH (methine) for optoelectronic applications. They have an optimal energy band gap, which indicates their potential utility in a variety of optoelectronic applications. These molecules also show efficient intermolecular charge transfer mechanisms similar to conventional organic semiconducting molecules as evidenced by optical measurements. Density functional theory simulation results show that the localization of the frontier highest occupied molecular orbital is around the TPA core for molecules coupled with imine and amide, and is reasonably stable. تفاصيل المقالة -
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6 - Effect of gamma ray on optical characteristics of (PMMA/PS) polymer blends
Mahasin F. Hadi Al-Kadhemy Asrar Abdulmunem Saeed Rana Ismael Khaleel Farah Jawad Kadhum Al-NuaimiAbstractGamma ray effect has been worked out on PMMA/PS blends at different concentrations. The optical constants such as the absorption coefficient, refractive index are calculated, and optical energy gap (direct/indirect) has been studied before and after irradiation. أکثرAbstractGamma ray effect has been worked out on PMMA/PS blends at different concentrations. The optical constants such as the absorption coefficient, refractive index are calculated, and optical energy gap (direct/indirect) has been studied before and after irradiation. Transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance spectra of pure and blends polymers are investigated. تفاصيل المقالة -
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7 - Role of Ar/O2 mixture on structural, compositional and optical properties of thin copper oxide films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering
N. Aghilizadeh A. H. Sari D. DorranianAbstractIn this study, the effect of oxygen content on a thin copper oxide layer deposited on BK7 and steel substrates by DC magnetron sputtering were investigated. Argon as working gas with impurity of 99.9% and various oxygen ratios were used to sputter a pure Cu cath أکثرAbstractIn this study, the effect of oxygen content on a thin copper oxide layer deposited on BK7 and steel substrates by DC magnetron sputtering were investigated. Argon as working gas with impurity of 99.9% and various oxygen ratios were used to sputter a pure Cu cathode target in a cylindrical geometry. The produced samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and spectrophotometry techniques. The films thickness was measured by profilometer facility. The results show that by increasing oxygen content in the working gas the sputtering rate reduces. Moreover, the type of oxide phase (Cu2O or CuO) in the synthesized layer and consequently its optical properties dramatically depend on Ar/O2 ratio in the working gas. تفاصيل المقالة -
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8 - Study on the Optical and Rheological properties of polymer- layered Silicate Nanocomposites
Milad Edraki Mohammad Banimahd KeivaniThis review reports recent advances in the field of polymerlayered silicate nano composites. Thesematerials have attracted both academic and industrial attention because they exhibit dramaticimprovement in properties at very low filler contents. Herein, the structure, p أکثرThis review reports recent advances in the field of polymerlayered silicate nano composites. Thesematerials have attracted both academic and industrial attention because they exhibit dramaticimprovement in properties at very low filler contents. Herein, the structure, preparation andproperties of polymerlayered silicate nanocomposites are discussed in general, and finally the effectof clay nanoparticles on optical and Rheological properties of polymeric products were alsodiscussed. تفاصيل المقالة -
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9 - Optical properties of silicon nano layers by using Kramers- Kronig method
H. KangarlouSilicon thin layers are deposited on glass substrates with the thickness of 103 nm, 147 nm and 197 nm. The layers are produced with electron gun evaporation method under ultra-high vacuum condition. The optical Reectance and the Transmittance of produced layers were mea أکثرSilicon thin layers are deposited on glass substrates with the thickness of 103 nm, 147 nm and 197 nm. The layers are produced with electron gun evaporation method under ultra-high vacuum condition. The optical Reectance and the Transmittance of produced layers were measured by using spectrophotometer. The optical functions such as, real and imaginary part of refractive index, real and imaginary part of dielectric constant, real and imaginary part of conductivity, absorption coeficient and optical band gap energy are calculated basing on the Kramers-Kronig relations. The void fractions of the silicon lms are calculated by using Aspnes theorem. The effect of layer thickness on optical properties of silicon thin lms is investigated. تفاصيل المقالة -
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10 - Effect of Thickness on Structural and Morphological Properties of AlN Films Prepared Using Single Ion Beam Sputtering
Fatemeh Hajakbari Alireza Hojabri Majid Mojtahedzadeh LarijaniAluminum nitride (AlN) thin films have potential applications in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, AlN thin films with different thicknesses were deposited on silicon substrate by single ion beam sputtering method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) sp أکثرAluminum nitride (AlN) thin films have potential applications in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, AlN thin films with different thicknesses were deposited on silicon substrate by single ion beam sputtering method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed that the structure of films with thickness of - nm was amorphous, while the polycrystalline hexagonal AlN with a rough surface was observed at a thickness of nm. Also, the formation of AlN in amorphous films is identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study confirms that the surface roughness and average grain size of films increased with film thickness. تفاصيل المقالة -
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11 - Preparation and Characterization of Aluminum Nitride Thin Films with the Potential Application in Electro-Acoustic Devices
Fatemeh HajakbariIn this work, aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films with different thicknesses were deposited on quartz and silicon substrates using single ion beam sputtering technique. The physical and chemical properties of prepared films were investigated by different characterization أکثرIn this work, aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films with different thicknesses were deposited on quartz and silicon substrates using single ion beam sputtering technique. The physical and chemical properties of prepared films were investigated by different characterization technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed that all of the deposited films have an amorphous structure. The Al-N bond information of deposited films on silicon substrates was identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR results confirmed the formation of AlN films in prepared samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the surface of films was smooth with low values of roughness. The low values of roughness can be caused the low acoustic loss in AlN films, which is interesting for applications in electro-acoustic devices. تفاصيل المقالة -
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12 - The Numerical Modeling for Electrical Behavior of Graphene Nanoribbon in the Present of Optical Detector
M Berahman A.R Malahzadeha physical model is presented for GNR based photo detector. The photo detector structure is photodiode in which GNR is inserted between two electrodes as a tool for changing pick frequency of absorption. Optical properties of GNR discussed using tight-binding approximat أکثرa physical model is presented for GNR based photo detector. The photo detector structure is photodiode in which GNR is inserted between two electrodes as a tool for changing pick frequency of absorption. Optical properties of GNR discussed using tight-binding approximation and DOS coupled with conductivity. Our calculations have shown that GNR based photo detectors have better characteristics than semiconductor devices and they have appropriate characteristic for communication applications. تفاصيل المقالة -
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13 - Theoretical investigation of 4-(2,3-dihydro[3,4-6][1,4][dioxin-5-yl) aniline copolymer
Forough Kalantari Fotooh Mohammad Reza Nateghi Mohsen MohammadiPoly 4-(2,3-dihydro[3,4-6][1,4][dioxin-5-yl) aniline (EDOT-Ani) is an interesting novel monomer which can be used as an electrode in fabrication of dye synthesized solar cells. In this paper a DFT method with B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory was used for investigating the s أکثرPoly 4-(2,3-dihydro[3,4-6][1,4][dioxin-5-yl) aniline (EDOT-Ani) is an interesting novel monomer which can be used as an electrode in fabrication of dye synthesized solar cells. In this paper a DFT method with B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory was used for investigating the structural, electronic and optical properties of different configurations of 4-EDOT-Ani. The structural parameters were calculated and indicated that the EDOT-Aniline has a benzoid structure. Gibbs free energy calculations show that gauch- anti configuration is the most energetically stable structure. The HOMO-LUMO gaps were calculated their counters were interpreted. The IR spectrum was simulated and show good correlation with experimental values. Finally, TDDFT calculations were used for obtaining the UV spectra of all configurations. تفاصيل المقالة -
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14 - مطالعه خواص فیلم های نازک اکسید روی تهیه شده با روش سل- ژل
حسن آبسالانفیلم های نازک اکسیدروی با بکار گیری روش سل-ژل، با استفاده از زینک استات دی هیدرات،2- پروپانول و دی اتانول امین،بر روی زیرلایه های شیشه ای تهیه شده اند. خواص اپتیکی و ساختاری فیلم های تهیه شده، با استفاده از پراش سنج اشعه ایکس، روش بیناب نمائی نوری فرابنفش- مرئی و بررسی أکثرفیلم های نازک اکسیدروی با بکار گیری روش سل-ژل، با استفاده از زینک استات دی هیدرات،2- پروپانول و دی اتانول امین،بر روی زیرلایه های شیشه ای تهیه شده اند. خواص اپتیکی و ساختاری فیلم های تهیه شده، با استفاده از پراش سنج اشعه ایکس، روش بیناب نمائی نوری فرابنفش- مرئی و بررسی های میکروسکوپی الکترونی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. فیلم های تهیه شده تحت این شرایط، در محدوده مرئی بالای 400 نانومتر شفاف بوده و یک طول موج قطع فرابنفش تیزی در حوالی 380 نانومتر دیده می شود. ضخامت فیلم های تهیه شده در محدوده250 تا390 نانومتر می باشد. ثابت های اپتیکی فیلم های نازک مورد مطالعه، مانند ضریب شکست فیلم ها، با افزایش طول موج کاهش می یابندفیلم های نازک اکسیدروی با بکار گیری روش سل-ژل، با استفاده از زینک استات دی هیدرات،2- پروپانول و دی اتانول امین،بر روی زیرلایه های شیشه ای تهیه شده اند. خواص اپتیکی و ساختاری فیلم های تهیه شده، با استفاده از پراش سنج اشعه ایکس، روش بیناب نمائی نوری فرابنفش- مرئی و بررسی های میکروسکوپی الکترونی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. فیلم های تهیه شده تحت این شرایط، در محدوده مرئی بالای 400 نانومتر شفاف بوده و یک طول موج قطع فرابنفش تیزی در حوالی 380 نانومتر دیده می شود. ضخامت فیلم های تهیه شده در محدوده250 تا390 نانومتر می باشد. ثابت های اپتیکی فیلم های نازک مورد مطالعه، مانند ضریب شکست فیلم ها، با افزایش طول موج کاهش می یابند. تفاصيل المقالة -
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15 - The Relationship between Structural and Optical Properties of GeO2-PbO Glasses
Mohsen Nouri Parvin Alizadeh Majid TavoosiThe structural and optical characterization of bulk GeO2-PbO glasses was the goal of this study. In this regard, six different (100-x)GeO2-xPbO (15<x<45) glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique between two steel sheets. The produced samples أکثرThe structural and optical characterization of bulk GeO2-PbO glasses was the goal of this study. In this regard, six different (100-x)GeO2-xPbO (15<x<45) glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique between two steel sheets. The produced samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The fundamental absorption edge of prepared glasses was analyzed in terms of the theory proposed by Davis and Mott. According to achieved results, fully amorphous phase can easily form in GeO2-PbO system up to 45 mole % of PbO. The optical characteristic of GeO2-PbO glasses showed an anomalous behavior at 25 mole % of PbO for the transmittance, absorption edge, optical energy gap and Urbach energy. This behavior is related to the conversion of GeO4 tetrahedra to GeO6 octahedra and increasing the number of non-bridging oxygens upon increasing the PbO content up to 25 mole %. تفاصيل المقالة -
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16 - Synthesis and Characterization of Linear/Nonlinear Optical Properties of GO, RGO, RGO-ZNO, and RGO-ZNO-Fe2O4
Mohsen EbrahimiNaghani Mina Neghabi Mehdi Zadsar Hossein Abbastabar AhangarIn this paper, we aimed to investigate the linear and nonlinear optical properties of reduced graphene oxide-based metal oxide nanocomposite in comparison with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and the effect of the process of reducing the oxygen groups of graphene oxide on أکثرIn this paper, we aimed to investigate the linear and nonlinear optical properties of reduced graphene oxide-based metal oxide nanocomposite in comparison with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and the effect of the process of reducing the oxygen groups of graphene oxide on the change of the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the reduced graphene oxide- zinc oxide (RGO-ZnO) and reduced graphene oxide-zinc oxide-iron oxide (RGO-ZnO-Fe2O4) sample. For this purpose, RGO, RGO-ZnO, and RGO–ZnO-Fe2O4 were synthesized using Hummers and hydrothermal methods, respectively, and then were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were characterized. The XRD and FTIR analysis successfully synthesized RGO-ZnO and RGO-ZnO-Fe2O4 nanocomposites. Also, FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that absorption bands at 3340 cm-1, 1630 cm-1, 1730 cm-1, and 480 cm-1 are related to O-H, C=C, C=O, and Zn-O stretching vibrations, subsequently. The direct energy gap of GO, RGO, RGO-ZnO, and RGO-ZnO-Fe2O4 from UV-Vis spectra was reported to be 3.36, 3.18, 3.25, and 2.7eV, respectively. In addition, the third-order nonlinear optical properties (the nonlinear absorption coefficient) of all samples were investigated using the Z-scan technique with Nd: YAG laser (532 nm, 70 mW), and it was observed that the third-order nonlinear optical properties were increased from 8.3×10-4cm/W for RGO to 5.6×10-3 cm/W for RGO-ZnO-Fe2O4. تفاصيل المقالة -
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17 - Optical and Electrical Properties of Quantum Nano Ring at the Presence of Rasha Spin-orbit Interaction
Elmira Dehghan Azadeh Sadat Naeimi Davod Sanavi KhoshnoudThe significant information about the properties of matter can be described with the interaction between light and matter. On this subject, the effect of the applied magnetic field and structural variation on the optical and electrical properties of circular GaAs quantu أکثرThe significant information about the properties of matter can be described with the interaction between light and matter. On this subject, the effect of the applied magnetic field and structural variation on the optical and electrical properties of circular GaAs quantum rings at the existence of Rashba spin–orbit interaction (RSOI) have been investigated. Also the effect of Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI) on the gate response in a series of non-interacting one-dimensional rings connected to some leads are studied theoretically within the waveguide theory. The presence and absence of Rashba SOI is treated as the two inputs of the AND/NAND/NOT gates. Additionally the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficient (AC) and refractive index changes (RIC) are calculated by the density matrix. تفاصيل المقالة -
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18 - شبیه سازی و بررسی ویژگی های نوری نانومکسین های ایتریوم کاربید Yn+1Cn (n =1, 2, 3)
امیر علیاکبری پیمان امیری زینب آمودهدر پژوهش کنونی محاسبات به¬طور عمده با استفاده از بستۀ محاسباتی کوانتوم-اسپرسو و روش شبه¬پتانسیل در چارچوب نظریۀ تابعی¬چگالی و تقریب چگالی موضعی انجام شده است. علاوه¬براین از تقریب فاز تصادفی در بررسی خواص نوری استفاده شده است. مقادیر منفی بزرگ سهم حقیقی تابع دی¬الکتریک أکثردر پژوهش کنونی محاسبات به¬طور عمده با استفاده از بستۀ محاسباتی کوانتوم-اسپرسو و روش شبه¬پتانسیل در چارچوب نظریۀ تابعی¬چگالی و تقریب چگالی موضعی انجام شده است. علاوه¬براین از تقریب فاز تصادفی در بررسی خواص نوری استفاده شده است. مقادیر منفی بزرگ سهم حقیقی تابع دی¬الکتریک نشان می¬دهد که مواد رفتاری شبیه درود از خود نشان می¬دهند. جایی که مقدار منفی است یا خیلی نزدیک به صفر است، موج الکترومغناطیسی منتشر نمیشود و فرایندهای جذب و اتلاف صورت میگیرد. نمودار سهم موهومی تابع دی¬الکتریک نشان می¬دهد که فرآیند جذب از انرژی¬های کوچک شروع شده است و مکسینهای ایتریوم کاربید (Yn+1Cn ; n=1, 2, 3) فاقد گاف انرژی هستند که ماهیت فلزی را تأیید می¬کند، همچنین بارزترین قله¬ها در راستای محور y نشان دهندۀ برهمکنش بیشتر الکترون و فوتون در این راستا است. نسبت معکوس سهم حقیقی تابع دیالکتریک و طیف بازتاب نشان می¬دهد که در جایی که سهم حقیقی تابع دی¬الکتریک منفی است، طیف بازتاب برای ترکیبات Y2C، Y3C2 و Y4C3 بالاترین مقدار را دارد و این قله¬ها در محدودۀ انرژی فوتون 6 الی 7 الکترون¬ولت به صفر نزدیک می¬شوند. تفاصيل المقالة -
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19 - بررسی اثر حلال های اتانول، اتیلن گلیکول و آب دیونیزه بر خواص ساختاری و نوری نانومواد هیبریدی نقره-اکسیدمس ساخته شده به روش مایکرویو-سولوترمال/هیدروترمال
مهرداد سلطانی فرید جمالی شینیبرای سنتز نانومواد هیبریدی نقره و اکسیدمس با فرآیند مایکروویو-سولوترمال/هیدروترمال از آب دیونیزه، اتانول و اتیلن گلیکول به عنوان حلال استفاده شده است. اثر نوع حلال بر خواص ساختاری و نوری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نمونه های بدست آمده با استفاده ازآنالیزهای الگوی پراش، میکرو أکثربرای سنتز نانومواد هیبریدی نقره و اکسیدمس با فرآیند مایکروویو-سولوترمال/هیدروترمال از آب دیونیزه، اتانول و اتیلن گلیکول به عنوان حلال استفاده شده است. اثر نوع حلال بر خواص ساختاری و نوری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نمونه های بدست آمده با استفاده ازآنالیزهای الگوی پراش، میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری، طیف سنجی نورتابناکی و جذبی مورد مشخصه یابی قرار گرفتند. برای تمام نمونه ها دمای تابش دهی °C 120 و زمان تابش دهی min 5 استفاده شده است. مطالعات الگوی پراش نمونه ها نشان داد که محصول بدست آمده دارای فاز های نقره و اکسیدمس می باشد. آنالیز عنصری نمونه ها حضور عناصر نقره، مس و اکسیژن را در نمونه ها نشان داد. تصاویرمیکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری حکایت ازشکل های غیر منظم و بهم چسبیده نقره و اکسیدمس دارد. لبه جذب در مقایسه با حالتی که از آب دیونیزه استفاده شد یک جابجایی بسمت طول موج های کمتر (جابجایی آبی) را نشان داد. یک کاهش در شدت باند گسیلی برای نانوساختارهای سنتز شده در اتانول و اتیلن گلیکول در مقایسه با نمونه ساخته شده در آب دیونیزه وجود دارد. تفاصيل المقالة
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