Intestinal morphology

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1 - اثر روغن فرار میخک (Syzygium aromaticum) و ویتامین ‌C بر بازده رشد، مورفولوژی پرزهای روده و پاسخ ایمنی به واکسن زنده نیوکاسل به‌دنبال مصرف کادمیوم در آب آشامیدنی بلدرچین ژاپنی
شهاب بهادران میلاد بابااحمدی میلانی حسین حسن پور عزیزالله فلاح مهرجردی

10.30495/jvcp.2019.666724

آلودگی محیط زیست و مواجهه شغلی با فلزات سمی مانند جیوه، کادمیوم و سرب موجب ایجاد بیماری های مزمن و بدخیمبا عوارض قابل ملاحظه ای در اکثر بافت های بدن می شود. افزایش تولید رادیکال های آزاد و کاهش توان آنتی‌اکسیدانی به عنوان اصلی ترین عامل بروز ضایعات ناشی از مسمومیت با کا أکثر

آلودگی محیط زیست و مواجهه شغلی با فلزات سمی مانند جیوه، کادمیوم و سرب موجب ایجاد بیماری های مزمن و بدخیمبا عوارض قابل ملاحظه ای در اکثر بافت های بدن می شود. افزایش تولید رادیکال های آزاد و کاهش توان آنتی‌اکسیدانی به عنوان اصلی ترین عامل بروز ضایعات ناشی از مسمومیت با کادمیوم مطرح است. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر روغن فرار میخک و ویتامین C بر بازده رشد، مورفولوژی پرزهای روده و پاسخ ایمنی به واکسن زنده نیوکاسل در بلدرچین های مواجهه داده شده با کادمیوم بود. تعداد 240 قطعه جوجه بلدرچین ژاپنی یک‌روزه به 8 گروه 30 قطعه‌ای با 3 تکرار 10 قطعه ای تقسیم‌بندی گردید. گروه های 1 و 8 جیره پایه، گروه های 2 و 7 جیره پایه به علاوه ppm 500 ویتامین C در جیره، گروه‌های 3 و 5 جیره پایه به علاوه 150 میلی‌گرم روغن فرار میخک به ازای هر کیلوگرم جیره، گروه های4 و 6 جیره پایه به علاوه450 میلی‌گرم روغن فرار میخک به ازای هر کیلوگرم جیره دریافت کردند. به آب آشامیدنی گروه های 1، 2، 3 و 4 در کل دوره آزمایش (35-7 روزگی) ppm 40 کلریدکادمیوم اضافه شد. در سن 21 روزگی از هر گروه، تعداد 9 نمونه خون گرفته شده و در سن 35 روزگی هم، از سه قسمت روده (دئودنوم، ژژونوم و ایلئوم) تعداد 9 قطعه جوجه از هر گروه، نمونه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که جوجه های گروه های 6 و 7 وزن بدنی، اندازه پرز و سطح جذب بیشتری نسبت به گروه کنترل داشتند (05/0p <). همچنین جوجه های گروه های 2، 4 و 8 نسبت به گروه 1، دارای اندازه و سطح جذب پرز بیشتری در قسمت‌های مختلف روده بودند (05/0p <). به‌طور کلی نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که افزودن ویتامین C و روغن فرار میخک به جیره غذایی بلدرچین ژاپنی، بر شاخص‌های رشد و سطح جذب پرزهای روده تاثیر مثبت داشته و سبب کاهش اثرات منفی کادمیوم بر وزن بدن و سطح جذب پرزهای روده در پرندگان مذکور می شود. تفاصيل المقالة

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2 - Hypericum perforatum and probiotic effects on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)
مصطفی بنی شریف فرشید خیری سید محمدعلی جلالی

Background & Aim:Hypericum perforatum L. is native to Iran. This herb is one of the most important medicinal plants and had many medical effects.This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Hypericum perforatum and protexin on performance, car أکثر

Background & Aim:Hypericum perforatum L. is native to Iran. This herb is one of the most important medicinal plants and had many medical effects.This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Hypericum perforatum and protexin on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology Japanese quails. Experimental: A total of 240 ten days old quails were divided into eight treatments with three replicates as factorial randomized design. The treatments were divided as basal diet with no protexin and Hypericum perforatum kept as control, and 0.2% (H1), 0.4% (H2) and 0.6 % (H3) Hypericum perforatum with 0.02 % or without protexin as P0 and P1 were used respectively. The live body weight gains, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of quails were calculated weekly. At the end of the trial two birds (male) form each replicates were slaughtered and dressing percentage were calculated and some carcass traits were weighed separately as percentage of carcass weight. Results: Data indicated that using of protexin and Hypericum perforatum increased feed intake (FI) in treatments compared to control group. Also body weight (BW) (g/d) and Pre-slaughter weight (g) were higher in protexin and Hypericum perforatum compared to the control. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) for feed conversation ratio (FCR) among treatments. Recommended applications/industries: Considering that body weight gain of Japanese quails can improve by increasing the level of Hypericum perforatum in diet, this herb is recommended for industrial poultry farm. تفاصيل المقالة

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3 - Effect of Different Levels of Molasses Distillers Condensed Soluble on Broiler Chickens Performance, Carcass Traits and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers
ط. امجدیان م.م. معینی ش. قاضی ش. ورکوهی

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of molasses distillers condensed soluble (MDCS) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 400 one day-old, unsexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted أکثر

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of molasses distillers condensed soluble (MDCS) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 400 one day-old, unsexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 20 cages. The dietary MDCS levels incorporated 0% and 4% in the starter and 0%, 4% and 8% in grower diet, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were obtained from 7 to 42 days of age. As a result of this study, the dietary inclusion of MDCS had no negative effects on productive performance of broilers or on the microbial population's enumeration, villus width, villus height, crypt depth and carcass traits. Thus it can be concluded that MDCS can be included in broiler dietary up to 8% without any adverse effect on broiler performance. تفاصيل المقالة

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4 - Effect of Garlic Powder (Allium sativum) and Black Seed (Nigella sativa) on Broiler Growth Performance and Intestinal Morphology
J.M. Saeid A.B. Mohamed M.A. Al- Baddy

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder (GP) black seed (BS) and plant premix (GP and BS) in the diet on broiler growth performance and intestinal morphology. included 480 Hubbard broiler chicks(day-old). There were 4 treatment groups each c أکثر

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder (GP) black seed (BS) and plant premix (GP and BS) in the diet on broiler growth performance and intestinal morphology. included 480 Hubbard broiler chicks(day-old). There were 4 treatment groups each consisting of 3 replicates. The four dietary treatments consisted of a control (basal diet), basal diet +0.5% GP, basal diet +0.5% BS and basal diet +0.5% (GP and BS), to the starter and finisher diet. The experiment lasted 42 days. Body weight , body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined weekly and intestinal morphology was determined at the end of the study (42 day). The addition of GP and BS plant premix (GP and BS) to the diet resulted in significantly higher body weight, body weight gain and feed intake than control group. However, feed conversion ratio was not influenced by dietary treatment (P>0.05). The villus height,crypt depth and crypt depth to villus height ratio was significantly higher in Black seed and plant premix (GP and BS) than other groups. While villus height, crypt depth and crypt depth to villus height ratio were lower in the control group compared to the other groups (P-value). It was found that the goblet cells were not affected by any treatment. Based on the results of this study it could be suggested to supplement broiler feed with 0.5% GP. تفاصيل المقالة

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5 - Performance, Morphological Responses of the Small Intestine, and Humoral Immunity of Broilers Fed Oak Acorn (Quercus brantii) as a Substitution for Antibiotic Growth Promoters
A. Afiouni M. Toghyani N. Landy

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of oak acorn (Quercus brantii) as a substitution for in-feed antibiotics (IFA) on growth performance, carcass traits, morphological responses of the small intestine and humoral immune responses in b أکثر

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of oak acorn (Quercus brantii) as a substitution for in-feed antibiotics (IFA) on growth performance, carcass traits, morphological responses of the small intestine and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens. Three hundred, 1-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allotted into 5 groups in a 6 wk study. The dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean coccidiostat-free basal diet as a control, control + 2 mg lincomycin/kg, or control + 10, 15 or 20 g oak acorn/kg. Dietary supplementation of lincomycin or 10 g oak acorn/kg significantly (P<0.05) enhanced final body weight of broilers at 42 d. Overall daily feed intake during the trial was higher (P<0.05) in broilers fed diets containing lincomycin or different levels of oak acorn compared with broilers fed basal diet. During the whole experiment feed:gain was significantly (P<0.05) better in broilers fed basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 10 g oak acorn/kg compared with other treatments. Carcass yield was significantly (P<0.05) higher in broilers fed diets containing 10 g oak/kg compared with other groups. In the duodenum, broilers fed diets containing antibiotic or 10 g oak acorn/kg had significantly (P<0.05) higher villus height:crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) compared with other groups. In jejunum and ileum the highest (P<0.05) VH/CD was obtained in broilers fed diets containing 10 g oak acorn/kg. Supplementation with 10 g oak acorn/kg led to higher antibody titers against Newcastle, and Influenza viruses (P<0.05). In summary, the results indicate that addition of 10 g oak acorn/kg could induce favorable influences on growth performance, structure of the small intestine and immune responses of broilers and it could be consumed in broiler diets as a substitution for IFA. تفاصيل المقالة

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6 - Liquid Metabolite of Lactobacillus plantarum and Putrescine Effects on Growth, Tissue Polyamine, Blood Lipids and Intestine Morphology of Broiler Chickens
س.م. هاشمی تی.سی. لوه اچ.ال. فوو

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of liquid metabolite (LM) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum and dietary putrescine (PUT) on growth, blood lipids, villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and polyamines (PAs) content of intestinal tissue and ileal digesta أکثر

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of liquid metabolite (LM) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum and dietary putrescine (PUT) on growth, blood lipids, villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and polyamines (PAs) content of intestinal tissue and ileal digesta in chickens. Six treatments, replicated six time each, were factorial arrangements of two levels of LM (0 and 0.3%) and three levels of dietary putrescine (0, 0.03 and 0.05%). Growth performance and PAs content of digesta and excreta (at 21 d) were measured, as well as small intestine VH and CD. Blood cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose were measured at 24, 33 and 40th d. Putrescine (0.05%) negatively affected body weight, feed conversion ratio and protein and energy efficiency ratio while increased duodenal VH significantly (P<0.05) as compared to the 0.03% putrescine. Aging was effective on blood cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose. Blood triglyceride decreased by 0.03% putrescine (P<0.05). Faecal spermidine was increased significantly (P<0.05) by 0.05% putrescine. Duodenal PAs declined in the chickens fed LM, whereas dietary putrescine had no effects on intestinal tissue polyamine. In conclusion, luminal PAs content was not affected by treatments. LM influenced intestinal tissue PAs but had no effects on growth and ileal digesta polyamine content. However, putrescine (0.05%) was harmful to the growth but increased duodenal VH. تفاصيل المقالة

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7 - Impacts of Dietary L-Threonine Supplementation on Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens during Summer Time
ک. شیرزادگان ا. نیکخواه م.ع. جعفری

The present study evaluated effects of 0.0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% L-threonine in diet on performance and gastrointestinal tract development in broiler chickens during summer. From 0 to 42 days old, body weight gain was greater in 0.75% L-threonine fed birds than in 0.0% أکثر

The present study evaluated effects of 0.0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% L-threonine in diet on performance and gastrointestinal tract development in broiler chickens during summer. From 0 to 42 days old, body weight gain was greater in 0.75% L-threonine fed birds than in 0.0% and 0.5% L-threonine fed birds (P<0.05). Moreover, in jejunum and ileum both the 0.75% and 1.0% L-threonine intake caused longer villus height as compared to 0.0% and 0.5% L-threonine (P<0.05), but no other morphological parameters were affected by L-threonine supplementation (P>0.05). No significant differences were observed between the treatments for feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the starter, grower or whole experimental period (P>0.05). During the growth period, 0.75% L-threonine fed birds had the highest body weight gain (P<0.05). Carcass traits were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 0.75% L-threonine improved the intestinal morphology and body weight gain of broilers under hot conditions. As well as, the higher levels of L-threonine (1.0) percent in diet can will increased the villus height in the jejunum and ileum. تفاصيل المقالة

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8 - Effects of Acidifier Supplementation and Toxin Binder on Performance, Carcass, Blood Metabolites, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbial Population in Broiler Chickens
م.ر. حیدری ع.ا. صادقی و. رضایی‌پور

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of acidifier (in drinking water) and toxin binder on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, microbial population and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 one-day old أکثر

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of acidifier (in drinking water) and toxin binder on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, microbial population and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 one-day old broiler chickens were distributed in four treatments with four replicates per each. The experimental treatments were: 1) control group (without acidifier and toxin binder), 2) group supplemented with acidifier, 3) group supplemented with toxin binder and 4) group supplemented with both acidifier and toxin binder. At 24 and 42 days of age, four birds per each treatment were selected and carcass traits, blood metabolites, microbial population and intestinal morphology were determined. The results showed that the experimental treatments had no significant effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens. The liver and heart weight was higher in broilers that received toxin binder (P<0.05). The experimental treatments did not alter the immune response and microbial population of the broiler chickens. The results indicated that the lowest serum concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride was observed in broiler chickens received treatment acidifier in combination with toxin binder (P<0.05). However, the birds fed toxin binder had a lower serum concentration of total protein, uric acid and liver enzyme activity (P<0.05). In the intestinal morphology, use of acidifier in combination with toxin binder improved the intestinal morphological traits in broiler chickens (P<0.05). On the basis of the present results, it can be used acidifier in combination with toxin binder in broiler chickens without any negative effect on the growth performance. تفاصيل المقالة

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9 - The Effects of Restaurant Residuals in the Diet on General Performance, Egg Characteristics, Blood Parameters and Intestinal Morphology of Japanese Quails
Y. Karimi A.A. Saki H. Jahanian Najafabadi P. Zamani M. Houshyar

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of restaurant residuals (RR) on blood parameters, intestinal morphology, eggs characteristics and performance of layers Japanese quails. This experiment included 300 layers Japanese quails (age 10-1 أکثر

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of restaurant residuals (RR) on blood parameters, intestinal morphology, eggs characteristics and performance of layers Japanese quails. This experiment included 300 layers Japanese quails (age 10-18 weeks) arranged in 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 15 quails in each in a completely randomized design. The treatments consist of control diet (corn-soybean meal) and supplementation of control diet by 5, 10, 15 and 20% RR, respectively. Feed intake was significantly higher by 5% RR than 20% RR treatment (P<0.05). Egg weight was increased by receiving 20% RR compared with control group (P<0.05). Also, yolk weight of treatments containing 10, 15 and 20% of the RR were significantly higher than control (P<0.05). The serum cholesterol concentration of control group was significantly higher than 5, 10 and 15% RR-fed groups (P<0.05). However, quail egg yolk cholesterol increased significantly by treatments 15 and 20% RR. At the end of the experiment, intestinal contents viscosity was significantly higher by 10 and 15% RR group than control. Based on this study, RR could be replaced by some parts of the quail diet without adverse effects on egg quantity and quality with reducing effect on the diet cost. تفاصيل المقالة

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10 - The Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Extract in Comparison to Antibiotic on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Ileal Microflora, Antioxidant Status and Meat Quality of Broilers
م. سالارمعینی ا. سلاجقه م.ح. سلاجقه م. افشارمنش

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)extract as an alternative to flavophospholipol on performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant status,meat quality, intestinal morphology and ileal microflora of broilers. A total أکثر

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)extract as an alternative to flavophospholipol on performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant status,meat quality, intestinal morphology and ileal microflora of broilers. A total of 220 day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments each replicated four times (11 birds per replicate) for 42 days. Experimental diets consisted of a basal diet without any additives as a control group and supplemented with flavophospholipol (100 ppm) or three levels of lavender extract (200, 300 or 400 ppm). Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured during the starter (1- 10 d), grower (11- 24 d) and finisher (25-42 d) periods. Meat quality indices and jejunum histomorphology were analyzed at 42 days of age. In addition to the mentioned measurements, ileal contents were assayed for Coliforms and Lactobacillus strains. The results revealed that lavender extract at 400 ppm level significantly increased feed intake during the whole rearing period, especially in finisher period and also improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the grower, finisher and entire rearing periods. There were no significant differences in the carcass traits and the relative weight of internal organs of the broilers (including breast, thighs, liver, heart, gizzard and abdominal fat). All lavender supplementation levels significantly decreased crypt depth and increased villus height: crypt depth ratio compared to the control group. The Coliform counts in the ileal digesta significantly decreased in birds fed with 400 ppm lavender extract. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance and cooking loss were significantly decreased by supplementing the basal diet with 300 or 400 ppm lavender extract. In overall, the results of this experiment showed that lavender extract, esp. at 400 ppm level, could be used as a good alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in the diet of broiler chickens. تفاصيل المقالة

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11 - اثرات پربیوتیک گالاکتو الیگوساکارید جیره بر روی عملکرد رشد و مورفولوژی روده در ماهی قرمز (Carassius auratus gibelio)
حسن صحرایی احمدرضا پیرعلی زفره ئی فاطمه آیت اللهی شعیب فروردین علی اکبر هدایتی

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی سطوح مختلف پربیوتیک گالاکتو الیگوساکارید بر شاخص‌های رشد و مورفولوژی روده ماهی قرمز (Carassius auratus gibelio) طراحی و اجرا گردید.بدین منظور تعداد 240 قطعه بچه ماهی با میانگین وزنی 28/0 ± 88/4 گرم به چهار گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه اول به عن أکثر

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی سطوح مختلف پربیوتیک گالاکتو الیگوساکارید بر شاخص‌های رشد و مورفولوژی روده ماهی قرمز (Carassius auratus gibelio) طراحی و اجرا گردید.بدین منظور تعداد 240 قطعه بچه ماهی با میانگین وزنی 28/0 ± 88/4 گرم به چهار گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه اول به عنوان شاهد با جیره پایه (فاقد گالاکتو الیگوساکارید)، گروه های دوم، سوم و چهارم به ترتیب با جیره های ‌حاوی 0، 5/0، 1 و 2 درصد گالاکتوالیگوساکارید به ازاء هر کیلوگرم جیره غذایی به مدت شش هفته تغذیه شدند. در انتهای آزمایش شاخص‌های ‌رشد (شامل وزن نهایی، ضریب رشد، ضریب تبدیل غذا) محاسبه گردید. علاوه براین از روده ماهیان قرمز نمونه برداری به عمل آمد و میانگین طول‌، عرض و سطح جذب پرزهای روده در هر تیمار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.نتایج نشان‌دهنده تاثیر‌معنی‌دار تیمار ‌2‌ درصد ‌گالاکتوالیگوساکارید بر افزایش‌ طول و عرض و سطح جذب پرز روده بود (05/0 p <). در حالیکه اختلاف معنی‌داری در شاخص‌های رشد مشاهده نشد. با توجه به تأثیر معنی‌دار پربیوتیک گالاکتو الیگوساکارید در افزایش ‌سطح ‌جذب روده ماهیان قرمز و هم‌چنین افزایش نسبی شا‌خص‌های رشد در ماهیان تغذیه شده با گالاکتو الیگوساکارید نسبت به تیمار شاهد، بنظرمی‌رسد این ماده می تواند بعنوان یک عامل محرک رشد و تغذیه در جیره غذایی ماهیان قرمز زینتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. تفاصيل المقالة

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12 - تأثیر افزودنی خوراکی بوتیرات بر راندمان پرورشی و مورفولوژی روده باریک در جوجه گوشتی
پیام حقیقی خوشخو گیتا اکبری آزاد فریبرز معیر ایمان پژوهنده

اسیدهای چرب زنجیر کوتاه، نوعی افزودنی به دان با قابلیت تنظیم زیستی و تقویت رشد مخاط روده در غیر نشخوار کنندگان هستند. در این مطالعه تأثیرنوعی بوتیرات کلسیم پوشش دار بر شاخص های پرورشی )میانگین وزن بدن، درصد تلفات، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، شاخص کارایی اروپایی( و مورفولوژیروده ب أکثر

اسیدهای چرب زنجیر کوتاه، نوعی افزودنی به دان با قابلیت تنظیم زیستی و تقویت رشد مخاط روده در غیر نشخوار کنندگان هستند. در این مطالعه تأثیرنوعی بوتیرات کلسیم پوشش دار بر شاخص های پرورشی )میانگین وزن بدن، درصد تلفات، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، شاخص کارایی اروپایی( و مورفولوژیروده باریک در یک گله جوجه گوشتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 13000جوجه یکروزه گوشتی ن ژاد کاب 500به صورت مخلوط )مرغ و خروس( بهطور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم و به ترتیب با جیره استاندارد و جیره استاندارد + 500گرم بوتیرات از 1تا 42روزگی دوره پرورشتغذیه شدند. شاخصهای پرورشی در پایان 3مرحله 28 ،14و 42روزگی ثبت شد. در پایان 42روزگی 3پرنده نر به طور تصادفی از هر یک از دوگروه ذبح و از دئودنوم، ژژنوم و ایلئوم هر پرنده به منظور تهیه مقطع هیستولوژی، نمونه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص های پرورشی در گروهآزمایش بهبود پیدا کرده ولی معنی دار نبود ند) .(P>0/05در مقایسه میانگین شاخص های هیستومورفومتری در 54مقطع روده در دو گروه دیده شد کهعمق کریپت در هر سه قسمت روده افزایش )در ایلئوم و ژژنوم معنی دار و در دئودنوم غیر معنی دار( و ضخامت اپیتلیوم در هر سه قسمت روده کاهش)در ژژنوم معنی دار و در ایلئوم و دئودنوم غیر معنی دار( داشت. ارتفاع ویلی در ژژنوم و ایلئوم افزایش و در دئودنوم کاهش )غیر معنی دار( را نشان داد.تعداد سلول های گابلت در قسمت های دئودنوم و ژژنوم کاهش غیر معنی داری داشت ولی در ایلئوم افزایش ناچیزی را نشان می داد. نتایج این مطالعه نشانمی دهد که افزودن بوتیرات به جیره می تواند تأثیر خوبی بر مورفولوژی روده باریک و تسهیل جذب مواد غذایی و در نتیجه راندمان پرورشی داشته باشد،با این حال ضرورت استفاده از آن به بررسی های بیشتری نیاز دارد تفاصيل المقالة

فهرس المقالات Intestinal morphology

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