نقش مادر در تربیت اخلاقی کودک از منظر روانشناختی و اندیشه امام موسی صدر
محورهای موضوعی : روان شناسی
علی احمدپور
1
(دانشیار، گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران)
کلید واژه: تربیت اخلاقی کودک, روانشناختی, امام موسی صدر,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر تبیین نقش مادر در تربیت اخلاقی کودک از منظر روانشناختی و اندیشه امام موسی صدر بود. جامعه پژوهش تمامی متون روانشناختی و مقاله‌های مرتبط با آثار امام موسی صدر بود. نمونه پژوهش متون مرتبط با نقش مادر در مورد تربیت اخلاقی بود. روش پژوهش، توصیفی- تحلیلی است. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از روش کتابخانه‌ای جهت متون و منابع مرتبط با موضوع استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با روش تحلیل محتوی انجام شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که از دیدگاه بالبی شخصیت و رفتار کودک ناشی از چگونگی شکل‌گیری دلبستگی او می‌باشد و مادر عامل اصلی شکل‌گیری این فرآیند است. پیاژه نیز معتقد است که رشد و بلوغ اخلاقی بر رشد و بلوغ شناختی مبتنی است و تحول در شناخت منشأ انگیزه اخلاقی است. همچنین کلبرگ معتقد است که کودکان در جریان تجربه‌های خود به مفاهیم اخلاقی دست می‌یابند. امام موسی صدر هم معتقد است که باید بر اساس آموزه‌های دینی به تربیت کودک اقدام کرد و چهار شیوه تربیت را گزارش میکند. اول امرونهی مربی؛ دوم اقناع ذهن و دل متربی؛ سوم توجه به فضای مناسب و محیط فرد یا گروه تربیت‌شونده و چهارم تحول عمیق در نگرش کلی به جهان هستی و زندگی و ارتباط با هدف تربیتی که شیوه قرآن کریم است. از دیدگاه امام موسی صدر، مادر آگاه و مؤمن سنگ بنای تولد کودک مؤمن است و بر پایه شخصیت مادر، بینش راهبردی و عواطف کودک شکل می‌گیرد. در نتیجه‌گیری کلی مادر نقش بسزائی در رشد ارزش‌های اخلاقی، فرهنگی، ملی و مذهبی کودک دارد.
The purpose of the research was to examine the mother role in child moral education from psychological stand and Imam Musa Sadr reflections. The universe of the research encompassed all psychological texts and articles related to Imam Musa Sadr reflections. The sample enfolded all texts considering mother role in child moral upbringing. The method was descriptive-analytical. To attain data library procedure was processed. The data was analyzed via content analysis. The results indicated that from Bowlby's point of view, the child's personality and behavior are caused by how her/his attachment is formed and the mother is the main factor in the formation of this process. Piaget also believed that moral growth and maturity would be based on cognitive growth and maturity and the change in knowledge would be the source of moral motivation. Also, Kohlberg believed that children acquire moral concepts during their experiences. Imam Musa Sadr also believed that children should be educated based on religious teachings. He reported four methods of education. First, the coach ordinance and prohibition; second, the persuasion of the educated mind and heart; thirdly, paying attention to the appropriate atmosphere and environment of the person or group being trained, and fourthly, a deep transformation in the general attitude towards the universe and life and the connection with the goal of education which is the method of the Holy Quran. From Imam Musa Sadr's point of view, a knowledgeable and believing mother is the cornerstone for the birth of a believing child and based on the mother's personality, the child's strategic vision and emotions are formed. In conclusion, the mother has a great role in the development of moral, cultural, national and religious values of the child.
Abdoli, M. (2020). The educational philosophy of Imam Musa Sadr. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11664481/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1/
Abroto, A., Aninditya, S. N., & Rizka, F. A. (2022). The role of the family in the moral education of children. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(2), 2717-2773. URL: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i2.2507.
AfsharTehrani, T., & Alipour, F. (2018). The perspective of the modern civilization of Islam and feminism regarding the position of the mother in the family according to the verses and traditions. Safina Magazine, 16(64), 149-157. [Persian] URL: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1582027366-9849-64-8.pdf
Ahmadi, M. R. (2008). Psychological foundations of effective communication between parents and children in the family environment. Marafet Magazine, 5(104), 18-25. [Persian] URL: https://lib.eshia.ir/10244/104/5.
Ahmadpour, A. (2023). Examining the psychological status of women in Islam and Western civilization based on the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader. Cultural Psychology of Women,14(56), 33-46. [Persian] URL: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/652540f9b28d0-10314-56-3.pdf
Ayatollahi, Z., Bankipourfard, A.H., Hosseini, Sh,S., Hekmatnia, M., Sayah, M., Mahmoudi, M.J., & Namjoo, B. (2018). Knowledge of family and population. Qom: Maarif Publishing. [Persian] URL:https://www.gisoom.com/book/11423072/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA/
Bandalizadeh, F., Rezaei, S., & Imani, M. (2022). Explanation of educational goals from the perspective of Imam Musa Sadr. Research in Islamic Education and Training, 30(54), 326-303. [Persian] URL: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1666596996-9785-54-11.pdf
Bandalizadeh, F., Rezaei, S., & Imani, M. (2023). Examining religious education methods from Imam Musa Sadr's point of view in education. Quarterly Journal of Interdisciplinary Strategic Studies, 13(51), 203-183. [Persian] URL: https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_2075.html
Berkowitz, M. W., & Grych, J. H. (1998). Fostering goodness: Teaching parents to facilitate children’s moral development. Journal of Moral Education, 27(3), 371–391. DOI: 10. 1080/0305724980270307
Borjinjad, Z. (2009). Mother's role in raising children. Tahura, 6, 210-183. [Persian] URL: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20120329150616-5039-35.pdf
Bosliky, H. (2019). Factors contributing to moral development of children in parent-child relation from a moral psychological view. Moral Studies, 2(4), 113-135. URL: https://ethics.riqh.ac.ir/article_12940.html?lang=fa
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. London: The Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho Analysis. URL: https://mindsplain.com/wp- content/uploads/2020/08/ATTACHMENT_AND_LOSS_VOLUME_I_ATTACHMENT.pdf
Demarnev, D. (2002). Mother's instinct about children, love and spiritual life. Translated by: Azadeh Vodjani. (2010). Qom: Maarif publishing house. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11640344/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%BA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%82-%D9%88-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C/
Devi, S. M., Masitoh, S., & Bachri, B. S. (2018). The role of mother-child secure attachment and mother parenting styles toward social, emotional and moral development in children aged 5-6 years old. In 2nd International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI 2018) (pp. 701-704). Atlantis Press. URL: https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icei-18/55907593
Dewey, J. (1950). Democracy and Education. Translated by Amir Hossein Arianpour. (1962). Tehran: Franklin Publishing Institute. [Persian] URL: https://archive.faraketab.ir/401035-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%88-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4-%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%88-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4
Ellrod, F. E., (1999). Contemparary moral education philasphies. Translated by, Hossein Kar amad. (2002). Cognition Journal, 10(61), 71-85. [Persian] URL: http://marifat.nashriyat.ir/node/1591
Feeney, J. A., & Karantzas, G. C. (2017). Couple conflict: Insights from an attachment perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 60-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.017
Feri, M., & Sutrisno, S. (2022). The role of parents in the moral education of children of primary school age. POTENSIA: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 8(1), 49-59. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/potensia.v8i1.15099
Haqiqat, Sh., & Mazyidi, M. (2008). Studying and evaluating the philosophical background and educational methods of four contemporary moral education approaches. Quarterly Journal of Religious Thought of Shiraz University, 8(26), 105-134. DOI: 105-134. 10.22099/JRT.2013.1288
Hassanpoor, A., Asalani, F., & Goudarzi, Z. (2015). Effectiveness of emotional skills training of mothers on reducing insecure attachment and behavioral issues among elementary students in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 13(4), 625-630. DOI: 20.1001.1.17352029.1394.13.4.15.6
Hebrul. A., & Takshari, Z. (2019). The role of mother in raising a child. Islamic Researches of Gender and Family, 3(5) 23-9. [Persian] URL: http://sgf.journals.miu.ac.ir/article_5221_fe8494d19eed578452cd5918dae3c3f9.pdf
Hosseinizadeh, S. Arafi, A. (2015). Child rearing. Qom: Zaytoun. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11197358/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B5-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF-1/
Khamenei, S. A. (2022). The meeting of different classes of women with the leader of the revolution. 2023/01/04, [Persian] URL: https://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=51647
Khomeini, R. (1999). Imam Khomeini's Sahifeh. Tehran: Imam Khomeini's Writing and Publishing Institute. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1142222/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B5%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B3/
Kohlberg, L., & Hersh, R. H. (1977). Moral development: A review of the theory. in Theory into Practice, 16(2), 53- 59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405847709542675
Mohammadi-Reyshahri, M. (2000). Mizan al-Hikma. Tehran, published by the Islamic Information Center. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1154173/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF-11/
Moradi Amin, M., Moradi Amin, F., & Ganji Nik, M. (2015). Parents' parenting relationship and its role in committing the crime of stealing children. Hamedan Police Science Journal, 1(8), 133-149. [Persian] URL: http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1614164905-10371-99-48.pdf
Moridi, F. (2017). Rereading the educational thoughts of Imam Musa Sadr. Qur'an and Atrat, 1, 138-135. [Persian] URL: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1682405504-10664-1401-6.pdf
Motahari, M. (1997). The collection of works of master Shahid Motahari. Tehran: Sadra. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1112038/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF-10/
Motahari, M. (1999). Notes of Professor Motahari. Tehran: Sadra. [Persian] URL: https://noorlib.ir/book/info/3322/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C
Nawabinejad, Sh. (2005). Three words about guidance and education of children. Tehran: Publications of the Association of Parents and Teachers. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1314280/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B3%D9%87-%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86/
Piaget, J. (1932). The moral judgment of the child. Translated by Mohammad Ali Amiri. (2000). Tehran: Ney Publishing. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1171711/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86/
Saadi, H., Karimi Nia, M. &Ansari Moghadam, M. (2021). An exploration of the child's behavioral influence from the environment and people from the perspective of psychology. Journal of New Developments in Psychology, Educational Sciences and Education, 4(40), 300-314. [Persian] URL: file:///C:/Users/moaref/Downloads/17052.pdf
Sadeghi Fasaei, S. (2014). The challenge of feminism with motherhood. Journal of Strategic Studies of Women, 28, 19-43. [Persian] URL: https://www.magiran.com/paper/showpdf/aadc7b46-0278-4b37-a57e-0c2a22bc14de?p=290979&m=1071
Sadr, M. (2016). Religions serve humanity. Tehran: Imam Musa Sadr Cultural Research Institute, 4th edition. [Persian] URL: https://imamsadr.ir/product/%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86/
Sadr, M. (2020). Women and society's challenges. Tehran: Imam Musa Sadr Cultural Research Institute, third edition. [Persian] URL: https://taaghche.com/book/104779/%D8%B2%D9%86-%D9%88-%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87
Sedaqat, M. (2022). the role of mother in raising a child with an emphasis on psychology and Islamic teachings. Educational Management Findings, 2(3), 103-131. [Persian] URL: http://em.miu.edu.af/article_100225.html
Tabatabaei, S., Ghaderi, F. (2017). Educational psychology and its impact on education. Quarterly Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 3(4), 100-108. [Persian] URL: http://www.uctjournals.com/farsi/archive/psychology/1396/winter/10.pdf
Vertel, A., Korolenko, V., Shapovalova, O., Bereziuk, T. (2024). The role of the family in the education and upbringing of children. Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology and Society (BRAJETS). 17(1), 54-64. URL: https://doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v17.nse1.54-64