شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری در راستای الگوی مطلوب حکمرانی شهری (مورد مطالعه: بافت گردشگری دریاچه ارومیه)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
مریم ادیب زاده
1
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میثم چگین
2
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حسین مهدی رکن آبادی
3
1 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه خط مشی و اداره امور عمومی، دانشکده مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشجو
کلید واژه: توسعه گردشگری, الگو, حکمرانی شهری, دریاچه ارومیه,
چکیده مقاله :
مسئولیت زیست محیطی و اقتصادی، حکمرانی شهری و سیاست‌گذاران بخش توسعه گردشگری را ملزم نموده که خط مشی مناسبتری برای ارائه الگوی مطلوب ارائه دهند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری در راستای الگوی مطلوب حکمرانی شهری در حوزه گردشگری دریاچه ارومیه انجام شده است. این تحقیق به لحاظ هدف کاربردي و ازنظر ماهيت از نوع پژوهش‌هاي کتابخانه‌اي و کيفي است. داده ها با استفاده از روش دلفي و با مشارکت 23 نفر از خبرگان تهیه شد و به کمک تحليل مضمون، عوامل مؤثر در قالب 212 مضمون اوليه شناسایی گردید. در مرحله اول، پنج عامل انعطاف پذیری و پذیرش ، ابتکار عمل و نوآوری ، ریسک پذیری، الگوهای حکمرانی و استراتژی گردشگری مستخرج از پيشينه پژوهش و در مرحله دوم بر اساس نظرات خبرگان به چهار عامل اصلی (انعطاف و پذیرش تغییر، خلاقیت و نوآوری، الگوهای حکمرانی، استراتژی گردشگری) و16 زیر عامل تقسیم گردید و تمامی این عوامل به تایید گروه خبرگان رسیدند. همچنین در مولفه انعطاف و پذیرش تغییر زیرمولفه اعتمادسازی اجتماعی با وزن 0.2333 در رتبه اول، ارتقای شرایط محیط زیستی با وزن 0.2089 در رتبه دوم، تقویت زیرساختها با وزن 0.1803 در رتبه سوم و گردشگری توسط ساکنان محلی با امتیاز 0.1571 در رتبه چهار قرار گرفته است. لذا مولفه های انعطاف و پذیرش تغییر، خلاقیت و نوآوری، الگوهای حکمرانی، استراتژی گردشگری به عنوان عوامل اصلی در توسعه گردشگری در الگوی مطلوب حکمرانی شهری باید مورد توجه قرار گیرند.
Environmental and economic responsibility, urban governance and tourism development sector policy makers are required to provide a more appropriate policy to provide a desirable model. The current research was conducted in order to identify the effective factors on the development of tourism in line with the ideal model of urban governance in the field of Urmia Lake tourism. This research is of the type of library and qualitative research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature. The data was prepared using the Delphi method with the participation of 23 experts, and with the help of theme analysis, effective factors were identified in the form of 212 primary themes. Finally, all these final factors were approved by the expert group. Also, in the flexibility component and Accepting the change of social trust building sub-component with a weight of 0.2333 in the first place, improvement of environmental conditions with a weight of 0.2089 in the second place, strengthening of infrastructure with a weight of 0.1803 in the third place And tourism is ranked fourth by the local residents with a score of 0.1571. Therefore, the components of flexibility and acceptance of change, creativity and innovation, governance models, tourism strategy as the main factors in the development of tourism in the optimal model of urban governance should be considered.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Tourism development is not just an academic structure, but a global necessity. Tourism is an economic giant that, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council, accounts for about 10% of the world's gross domestic product. This issue alone shows that the economic benefits of tourism can cover all the economic aspects of a society and make urban decision makers a partner in their decisions for urban development. In addition to this, the development of tourism will strengthen the dual environmental benefits in the direction of the prosperity of the environment and the reduction of pollutants. In the field of tourism development, open innovation facilitates a collaborative approach to development and integrates the perspectives of different stakeholders for more comprehensive and sustainable results. In addition to this integration, big data analysis in open innovation processes, efficient management and sharing of the collection. It enables big data, and strengthens more informed decision-making. Given the path of infrastructure development in recent decades, which is accompanied by other challenges, including balancing the changes of modern life for many societies, as well as the lack of The realization of government approved programs has caused the demands of tourism sector investors to be ignored. These challenges often affect the attitude of the residents of the tourism area towards the development of tourism and other development goals set by the government in such areas. In this regard, this study seeks to identify factors affecting the development of tourism in line with the ideal model of urban governance.
Methodology
In terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature, the current research is of the type of library and qualitative Delphi research. This research was carried out in two stages: first, by library method and referring to information bases and university libraries, books, publications and articles, dissertations, were studied and thematic analyzed, and the effective factors were identified and classified in the form of 212 primary themes. Then, in the second stage, Delphi qualitative method was used to confirm, modify and develop the effective factors extracted from the library study. A survey of experts' like-minded members was conducted in two stages and their effective factors and sub-factors were finalized. In the first stage, two factors of tourism development and urban governance with 68 sub-factors extracted from the research history were sent to the experts, and in the second stage, two new sub-factors were added to these factors based on the experts' opinions. And these factors along with 23 sub-factors changed and became final. In this regard, after extracting the factors, a questionnaire with the nature of response, based on a five-point Likert spectrum, including the factors of tourism development and urban governance, was distributed among the experts to determine the importance of each factor. The validity of the research was obtained by studying the theoretical literature and using the opinions of professors and experts in this field. The reliability of the research tool was calculated using spss software through Cronbach's alpha multiplication, which shows an acceptable value. To select the members of the same-minded experts, a purposeful snowball sampling method was used until the saturation limit, and in this study, the theoretical saturation limit reached 23 people.
Results and discussion
The findings of this research have identified 4 main components related to the development of tourism in the optimal model of urban governance, and the selection and prioritization of these factors can be effective in achieving better results and accelerating the strengthening of the tourism context of Lake Urmia. Therefore, trying to overcome the factors related to choosing the right priority and in order to further develop tourism or focus on urban governance along with the modification of processes, including the necessities and conditions necessary for the success and realization of other stages of establishment and start-up is given more attention. In addition, the findings from the experiences studied in the field of criticism and evaluation of tourism development in the ideal model of urban governance and the lack of proper prioritization in the ideal governance in the field of tourism have revealed the source of the gap in outcomes and the lack of proper realization in sustainable and dynamic tourism. . What has been determined in this research is that the responsibility of managing any activity in the tourism sector, from the highest policy-making departments in the field of tourism to the lowest affairs, should be based on flexibility and acceptance of change, creativity and innovation, governance models and tourism strategy. to be If these principles are not followed, there will definitely be failure in tourism development projects.
Conclusion
Local departments, especially in touristic environments, often lack capacities and expertise related to urban infrastructure planning and financing. They often fail to set long-term plans for urban development, develop and relocate transportation lines, make adequate financing and guarantee commitments, or effectively manage infrastructure projects. These restrictions hinder the process of increasing the income of infrastructure projects in the field of tourism from both private investors and public sector sources. Even if local governments successfully attract private sector investments for the tourism sector, the deals may not be structured in the most appropriate way and combine the best value for the acceptable risks for the investors. This is largely due to a lack of investment facilitation skills and the capacity to develop and negotiate effective contracts, particularly at the local level in developing countries. In addition, there is more limited expertise and experience in planning, designing, and incorporating sustainability considerations into tourism projects that consider a level of standardization where possible. The lack of synergy between local and national laws on sustainable infrastructure and the limited autonomy of local governments have further complicated this problem. In addition to limited capacities, there is often uncertainty about public sector investment in tourism, which can lead to The lack of fixed standards for infrastructure projects, the lack of appropriate credit models for reimbursing initial capital costs, the lack of transparency in the prosperity of the tourism sector, and the lack of regulations and investment policies based on clear urban governance are related. Management departments often fail to provide consistent standards for investment procurement processes related to infrastructure projects. The more the level of planning in government governance has better legal certainty and solidity, the more appropriate approach for tourism development it shows. In addition, local governments often show consistent sustainability standards such as energy efficiency standards and greater attention to the environment.
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