ساخت، رواسازی، اعتباریابی و هنجاریابی نرمافزار مقیاس بینالمللی عملکردی لایتر برای کودکان 3 تا 6 سال شهر اصفهان
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتیالهام طباطبایی کاشانی 1 , سالار فرامرزی 2
1 - کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان با نیازهای خاص، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
کلید واژه: هوش غیرکلامی, مقیاس بینالمللی عملکردی لایتر, کودکان پیشدبستانی,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف ساخت، رواسازی، اعتباریابی و هنجاریابی نرمافزار مقیاس بینالمللی عملکردی لایتر انجام گرفت. روش پژوهش روانسنجی بود. به این منظور پس از ساخت نرمافزار برای اعتباریابی آزمون از بین کلیة کودکان 3 تا 6 سال شهر اصفهان 240 نفر بهعنوان نمونه به روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چندمرحلهای انتخاب و در پژوهش شرکت کردند. برای بررسی روایی سازه از مقیاس رشد اجتماعی واینلند (براهنی و اخوت،1352) و برای بررسی روایی همزمان، از آزمون هوشی استنفورد بینه (افروز و کامکاری،1389) استفاده شد. ضرایب پایائی بازآزمایی نرمافزار مقیاس بینالمللی عملکردی لایتر برای سنین 2 سال و 1 ماه تا 4 سال و 5 ماه 71/0 (001/0 P≤) و برای سنین 4 سال و 6 ماه تا 6 سال و 9 ماه 82/0 (001/0 P≤) به دست آمد. همچنین آلفای کرون باخ برای سنین 2 سال و 1 ماه تا 4 سال و 5 ماه 75/0و برای سنین 4 سال و 6 ماه تا 6 سال و 9 ماه 83/0 به دست آمد. ضریب همبستگی نرمافزار مقیاس بینالمللی عملکردی لایتر و مقیاس واینلند مثبت و معنیدار بود (61/0=r). ضرایب همبستگی بین هوشآزمای استنفورد- بینه و نرمافزار مقیاس بینالمللی عملکردی لایتر در خرده مقیاس کلامی برابر با (34/0=r) و در خردهمقیاس غیرکلامی برابر با (75/0=r) بود. نتیجه اینکه نرمافزار مقیاس بینالمللی عملکردی لایتر، ابزاری روا و پایا برای انجام ارزیابی هوشی کودکان است.
Abstract The present study aimed at developing and validating the Leiter International Performance Scale Software. The research method was psychometrics. Therefore, after developing the software, to validate the test, from among all 3-6 year old children in the City of Isfahan 240 children were selected using the stratified random sampling and participated in the study. To investigate the construct validity of the scale, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale and to investigate the concurrent validity, the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale were used. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the total score of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 2 year and 1 month to 4 year and 5 month children was 0.71 (p≤0.001). In addition, the reliability coefficient of the total score of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 4 year and 6 month to 6 year and 9 month old children was 0.82 ((p≤0.001). The Chronbach’s alpha coefficient for 2 year and 1 month to 4 year and 5 month old children was 0.75 and for 4 year and 6 month to 6 year and 9 month old children, it was 0.83. The correlation coefficient of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software with the Vineland Social Maturity Scale was positive and significant (r = 0.61). The correlation coefficient between the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Leiter International Performance Scale Software, as an evidence for the concurrent validity, was r = 0.34 in the verbal subscale and r = 0.75 in the non-verbal subscale. The results of the present study indicated that the Leiter International Performance Scale Software can be considered as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring children’s intelligence.
افروز، غ.، کامکاری، ک. (1389). اصول روانسنجی و هوشآزمایی. تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
براهنی، م.، اخوت، و. (1352). مقیاس رشد اجتماعی واینلند در ارزشیابی شخصیت، تهران: مؤسسة انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
مهرجانیان، بهرخ. (1376). ترجمه، انطباق مقدماتی فرهنگی و سنجش اعتبار و پایایی مقیاس رفتارهای انطباقی واینلند. پایاننامة کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی. دانشگاه شیراز.
2. S Roid, Nellis& McLellan 4. Portoghese |
1. Riggio 3. Tsatsanis, Dartnall, Cicchetti, Sparrow, Klin & Volkmar |
Allen, G. (2011). Early intervention: the next steps, an independent report to Her Majesty's government by Graham Allen MP. The Stationery Office.
Alliston, L. (2007). Principles and practices in early intervention. A literature review for the Ministry of Education. Research New Zealand.
Arthur, G. (1952). The Arthur adaptation of the Leiter International Performance Scale. Washington, DC, US: The Psychological Service Center Press.
Barbey, A. K., Colom, R., Solomon, J., Krueger, F., Forbes, C., & Grafman, J. (2012). An integrative architecture for general intelligence and executive function revealed by lesion mapping. Brain, 135(4), 1154-1164.
Barbey, A. K., Colom, R., Solomon, J., Krueger, F., Forbes, C., &Grafman, J. (2012). An integrative architecture for general intelligence and executive function revealed by lesion mapping. Brain135(4),1154-1164.
Bishop, S.L., Richler J., Lord, C. (2006). Association between restricted and repetitive behaviors and nonverbal IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Neuropsychol;12(4-5):247-67.
Brydges, C. R., Reid, C. L., Fox, A. M., & Anderson, M. (2012). A unitary executive function predicts intelligence in children. Intelligence, 40(5), 458-469.
Flynn, J. R. (1985). Wechsler intelligence tests: Do we really have a criterion of mental retardation? American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 90(3), 236-244.
Grindle, C.F.; Hastings, R.P.; Saville, M.; Hughes, J.C.; Huxley, K.; Kovshoff, H.; Griffith, G.M.; Walker-Jones, E.; Devonshire, K.; & Remington, B. (2012). Outcomes of a behavioral education model for children with autism in a mainstream school setting. Behavior modification, 36(3), 298-319.
Grondhuis, S. N., & Mulick, J. A. (2013). Comparison of the Leiter International Performance Scale—Revised and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, in children with autism spectrum disorders. American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities, 118(1), 44-54.
Hallahan, D. P., Lloyd, J. W., Kauffman, J. M., Weiss, M. P., & Martinez, E. A. (2005). Learning disabilities: Foundations, characteristics, and effective teaching. Boston, Person Education, 686, 195-221.
Hooper, V. S., & Bell, S. M. (2006). Concurrent Validity of the universal nonverbal intelligence test and the Leiter International Performance scale–Revised. Psychology in the Schools, 43(2), 143-148.
Ian O. Javier, ed. (2005), The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Lerer, E., Levi, S., Salomon, S., Darvasi, A., Yirmiya, N., & Ebstein, R. P. (2008). Association between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and autism: relationship to Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and cognition. Molecular psychiatry, 13(10), 980-988.
Lohman, D. F. (1993).Taching and Testing to Develop Fluid Abilities.Educational Researcher, 22 (7):12-23
McCallum, R. S. (2003). Handbook of nonverbal assessment. New York: Springer.
Matson JL. (2007).Determining treatment outcome in early intervention programs for autism spectrum disorders: a critical analysis of measurement issues in learning based interventions. Res Dev Disabil. 2007 Mar-Apr;28(2):207-18
Mayes, S. D., Calhoun, S. L. (2003a). Ability profiles in children with autism: Influence of age and IQ. Autism, 7, 65–80.
Miller, L. J., & Robinson, C. C. (1996). Strategies fro meaningful assessment of infants and toddlers with significant psychical and sensory disabilities. In S. J. Meisels and E. Fenichel (Eds.). New Visions for the Developmental Assessments of Infants and Young Children. ZERO TO THREE: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families: Washington, D.C.
Portoghese C, Buttiglione M, De Giacomo A, Lafortezza M, Lecce PA, Martinelli D, Lozito V & Margari, L. (2010). Leiter-R versus developmental quotient for estimating cognitive function in preschoolers with pervasive developmental disorders. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 6, 337.DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S10657
Riggio, R. E. (2005). The Social Skills Inventory (SSI): measuring nonverbal and social skills. The sourcebook of nonverbal measures: Going beyond words, 25-33.
Rohde, T. E., & Thompson, L. A. (2007). Predicting academic achievement with cognitive ability. Intelligence, 35(1), 83-92.
Roid, G., Nellis, L., & McLellan, M. (2003). Assessment with the Leiter International Performance Scale—Revised and the S-BIT. In Handbook of nonverbal assessment (pp. 113-140). Springer US.
Roid, G., Nellis, L., & McLellan, M. (2003). Assessment with the Leiter International Performance Scale—Revised and the S-BIT. In Handbook of nonverbal assessment (pp. 113-140). Springer US.
Scattone, D., Raggio, D. J., & May, W. (2012). Brief report: concurrent validity of the Leiter-R and KBIT-2 scales of nonverbal intelligence for children with autism and language impairments. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 42(11), 2486-2490.
Shah, A., & Holmes, N. (1985). Brief report: The use of the Leiter International Performance Scale with autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 15(2), 195-203.
Snow, R. E. (1982). Education and intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of human intelligence (pp. 493-585). New York: Cambridge University Press
Thompson NM, Francis DJ, Stuebing KK, et al. Motor, visual-spatial, and somatosensory skills after closed head injury in children and adolescents: a study of change. Neuropsychology. 1994;8(3):333–342.
Tsatsanis, K. D., Dartnall, N., Cicchetti, D., Sparrow, S. S., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. R. (2003). Concurrent validity and classification accuracy of the Leiter and Leiter-R in low-functioning children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(1), 23-30.
Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., & Roberts, R. D. (2004). Emotional intelligence in the workplace: A critical review. Applied Psychology, 53(3), 371-399.
_||_