تأثیر خودکارآمدی، توانمندسازی و شادکامی بر ابراز وجود معلمان
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتیمحمد باقر کجباف 1 , حمیدرضا عرب بافرانی 2
1 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه اصفهان
2 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی دانشگاه اصفهان
کلید واژه: خودکارآمدی, ابراز وجود, شادکامی, توانمندسازی,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطۀ خودکارآمدی، توانمندسازی و شادکامی بر ابراز وجود معلمان مدارس شهرستان اصفهان اجرا شد. روش پژوهش همبستگی و جامعۀ آماری آن معلمان ابتدایی شهر اصفهان بودند، که از میان آنان 100 نفر از طریق نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای دو مرحله‌ای انتخاب شد. ابزارهای پژوهش پرسشنامه خودابرازی بزرگسالان (گی، هالندورث و گالاسی، 1975)، مقیاس توانمندسازی (اسپریتزر، 1995)، مقیاس خودکارآمدی عمومی (شوارتزر و جروسالم، 1995)، و پرسشنامۀ شادکامی آکسفورد (آرگایل و لو، 1989) بود. در تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که تمام متغیرهای مورد بررسی با همدیگر ارتباط معناداری دارند (01/0>P). همچنین، با بررسی میزان ارتباط متغیر ابراز وجود با سایر متغیرها مشخص شد، اگر همۀ متغیرها وارد معادله شوند، خودکارآمدی و شادکامی رابطۀ معنی‌داری با ابراز وجود دارند، ولی توانمندسازی رابطۀ معناداری با ابراز وجود ندارد.
The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships between self-efficacy, empowerment and happiness with self-assertion of school teachers in Isfahan city. The research method was correlation and the statistical population was primary school teachers in Isfahan, from whom a sample of 100 persons was selected through two-stages clustered sampling. The research instruments included Adult Self-assertion Guestionnaire (Gay, Halendorth and Gallasi’s, 1975), Empowerment Scale (Espriritzer, 1995), General Self-efficacy Scale )Schuartz and Juresalem’s 1995), and Oxford Questionnaire of Happiness (Argyle and Loo, 1989). The data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient as well as multiple regression. The results indicated that all the variables under study Were related with each other, significantly (P < 0.01). Moreover, through examining the degree of relationship between self-assertion variable with other variables it became clear that if all variables entered into equation, self-efficacy and happiness would relate significantly with self-assertion but empowerment would not relate significantly with self-assertion.
Adeyemo, D.A., & Adeleye, A.T. (2008). Emotional intelligence, religiosity and self-efficacy as predictors of psychological well-being among secondary school adolescents in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Europe Journal of Psychology.
Alberti, R., & Emmons, M. (1982). Your perfect right: A guide for assertive living (4th eds). Impact, Luis Obispo, California.
Argyle, M. (2001). The psychology of happiness. London: Rutledge.
Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28, 117-148.
Bandura, A. (1995). Self efficacy in changing societies. New York: Cambridge University.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self- efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scale. Personal communication via electronic mail.
Biron, M., & Bamberger, P. (2010). The impact of structural empowerment on individual well-being and performance: Taking agent preferences, self-efficacy and operational constraints into account. Journal of Human Relations. 63(2) 163-191.
Bosscher, R.J., & Smit, J.H. (1998). Confirmatory factor analysis of the general self-efficacy scale. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36,339-343.
Caprara, G.V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., & Cervone, D. (2004). The contribution of self-efficacy beliefs to psychosocial outcomes in adolescence: predicting beyond global dispositional tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 751-763.
Carr, A. (2004). Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strengths, Brunner- Routledge.
Chen, G., Kirkman, B.L., Kanfer, R., Allen, D., & Rosen, B. (2007). A multilevel study of leadership, empowerment, and performance in teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 331–46.
Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). “Recent findings on subjective well-being”. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 61, 820, 27-56.
Diener, E. Suh, E. & Oishi, S. (1997). “Recent findings on subjective well-being”. Journal of clinical Psychology. 61, 820, 27-56.
Faulkner, G., & Reeves, C. (2009). Primary school student teachers’ physical self-perceptions and attitudes towards teaching physical education.
Gay, M.L., Galassi, J.G., & Hollandsworth, G. (1975). An assertiveness inventory for adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology.
Henson, R.K. (2001). Empowerment, self-efficacy and school climate. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 819-836.
Karademas, E.C., & Kalantzi-Azizi, A. (2004). The stress process, self-efficacy expectations, and psychological health. Personality & Individual Differences, 37, 1033-1043.
Karagozoglu, L., Kahve, E., & Adamişoglu, D. (2008). Self esteem and assertiveness of final year Turkish university students. Nurse Education Today, 28 (5), 641-649.
Killkus, S.P. (1990). Self assertiveness and nursing: A different voice profession. Nursing Outlook, 38: 143-145.
Kim, Y. (2003). Correlation of mental health problems with psychological constructs in adolescence: final results from a 2-year study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40, 115-124.
Luszczynska, A., Gutierrez-Dona, B., & Schwarzer, T.R. (2005). General self-efficacy in various domains of human functioning: Evidence Five Countries. International Journal of Psychology, 40, 80-89.
Morgan, B., & Leung, P. (1980). Effects of assertion training on acceptance of disability by physically disabled university student. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 209-212.
Muris, P. (2002). Relationships between self-efficacy and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in a normal adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 337-348.
Myers, D.G. (200). Psychology, 6th Ed, New York: Worth Publishing
Payizi, M. (2006). Effects of self- expression training on life improving and educational progress of female students studying in the second year of high school (Doctoral dissertation, Allameh Tabatayi University).
Rice, E.M., & Schneider, G.T. (1994). A decade of teacher empowerment An empirical analysis of teacher involvement in decision making. Journal of Educational Administration, 32(1), 48-58.
Robbins, S.P. (1994). Management (4th Ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Sahay, B.S. (2005). Multi Factors Productivity Measurement Model for Service Organization, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 54, 1, 7-22.
Scholz, U., Gutierrez-Dona, B., Sud, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2002). Is general self-efficacy a universal contract? Psychometric finding from 25 countries. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18, 242-251.
Schunk, D.H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychology, 26, 707-231.
Schwarzer, R., Boehmer, S., Luszczynska, A., Mohammad, N.E., & Knoll, N. (2005). Dispositional self-efficacy as a personal resource factor in coping after surgery. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 807-818.
Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). General perceived self-efficacy. In J. Weinmanr, S.W. & M. Johnston (eds.), Measures in health Psychology: A User’s Portfolio. England: NFER-Nelson.
Sherer, M., Maddox, J.E., Mercandante, B., prentice-Dunns, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R.W. (1982). The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validations. Psychological Reports, 51, 663-671.
Spreitzer, G., & Doneson, D. (2008) Musings on the past and future of employee empowermet Cummings, T. (ed) Handbook of Organization Development, Sega Publication, Los Angeles, 311-24.
Spreitzer, G.M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38. 1442-1465.
Tavakoli, S., Lumley, M., & Hijazi, A. (2009). Effects of assertiveness training and expressive writing on acculturative stress in international students: A randomized trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(4), 590-596.
Taylor, D.L., & Tashakkory, A. (1994). Predicting teacher’s sense of efficacy and job satisfaction using school climate and participatory decision making paper presented at the annual meeting of the southwest. Educational Research Association. San Antonio t TX.
Wu, V., & Short, P.M. (1996). The relationship of empowerment to teacher job commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 25, 85-89.