بررسی مقایسه ای نظریات ورویکردهای برنامه درسی زیست محیطی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسیمحبوبه سلیمان پور عمران 1 , محمد حسین یارمحمدیان 2 , نرگس کشتی آرای 3
1 - استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد بجنورد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بجنورد، ایران
2 - 2استاد مرکز تحقیقات مدیریت و اقتصاد سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
3 - 3استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحــد خوراسگــان (اصفهان)، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: نظریات آموزش زیست محیطی, رویکردهای زیست محیطی, آموزش زیست محیطی, برنامه درسی,
چکیده مقاله :
با گسترش بحران‌های محیط زیست، آموزش زیست محیطی به بخش جدایی ناپذیری از نظام‌های آموزشی تبدیل شده است. از آنجا که اساس مسائل زیست محیطی از نظر ماهیتی، میان رشته‌ای، فرابخشی و کل نگر است، لذا از منظر تئوریک، با رویکردهای متفاوتی می‌توان به آن نگریست و در پی آن، آموزش‌های مربوط به آن را می‌توان از دیدگاه و رویکردهای متفاوتی بررسی نمود. از این رو، هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی و بررسی دیدگا‌ه‌ها و رویکردهای زیست محیطی و آگاهی از اندیشه‌های آموزش و برنامه درسی محیط زیست و مقایسه آنها با یکدیگر و دستیابی به یک دسته بندی کلی در این زمینه بوده است. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی است که با مرور منابع موجود در این زمینه انجام پذیرفته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد نوع نگرش به مسایل زیست محیطی، آموزش‌های متفاوتی را سبب می‌شود و در یک دسته بندی کلی، رویکردهای زیست محیطی در دو دسته انسان مدارانه و محیط مدارانه و رویکردهای برنامه درسی در دو دسته فنی و سخت و غیرفنی و نرم قرار می‌گیرند و در این طبقه بندی، رویکردهای آموزش زیست محیطی را می‌توان در گروه رویکردهای غیرتکنیکی، انعطاف پذیر و انسان‌گرای برنامه درسی مورد بررسی قرار داد.
Through the development of the environmental crisis, environmental education has become an integral part of the educational systems. Because the basis of the environmental problems is naturally interdisciplinary, multi-sectorial, and holistic, so theoretically it can be seen with different approaches and the related education to this can be considered from different views and approaches. Therefore, the purpose of the current study has been to identify and consider the environmental views and approaches and awareness of education thoughts, environmental curriculum and comparing them together and achieving a general classification in this field. This study has done by using descriptive and analytical method and a lot of references has been reviewed. The results show that type of attitude to the environmental problems causes different education and in a general classification, the environmental approaches are classifying into two groups: human-oriented and environment-oriented. And the curriculum approaches are classifying into two groups: technical & hardware and non-technical & software. In this classification, environmental education approaches can be considered in the group of non- technical, flexible, and human-oriented approaches of the curriculum.
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