Motivations for Incorporating Artificial Intelligence in ELT Research: Perspectives from Iranian Researchers
Subject Areas : Applied Linguistics
Hamed Zarabi
1
,
Aysheh Mohammadzadeh
2
1 - Department of English language teaching
2 - Department of English Language Teaching, Gonbad Kavoos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), English Language Teaching (ELT), Iranian Researchers, Motivations, Perspectives,
Abstract :
Because of its amazing potential, artificial intelligence (AI) is being used more and more across a range of fields. In the field of English language teaching (ELT), the application of AI techniques has grown recently. Given the increasing prominence of AI in ELT research, it is imperative to get an understanding of the rationale and motivations underlying its application, especially as perceived by ELT researchers. Fifteen Iranian ELT researchers who had published research articles in the last five years were interviewed to obtain more understanding of this issue. The data from the interviews was subjected to thematic analysis. The results showed several important justifications for using AI in ELT research publications. In particular, AI allowed researchers to analyse vast amounts of data quickly and effectively, spot grammatical mistakes, and paraphrase, reduce plagiarism, cut down on research expenses and time, evaluate data objectively, and produce fresh concepts and viewpoints. As a result, AI has shown to be a useful tool for ELT academics to investigate novel topics and unearth new information, thus expanding the field. This study's educational implications include the possibility that AI technology could improve the general caliber of research articles published in ELT through a variety of channels.
References
Alam, A. (2021). Possibilities and apprehensions in the landscape of artificial intelligence in education. In 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Applications (ICCICA) (pp. 1-8). IEEE. DOI:10.1109/ICCICA52458.2021.9697272
Alharbi, W. (2023). AI in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Pedagogical Overview of Automated Writing Assistance Tools. Education Research International, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4253331
Ali, S., Abuhmed, T., El-Sappagh, S., Muhammad, K., Alonso-Moral, J. M., Confalonieri, R., ... & Herrera, F. (2023). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): What we know and what is left to attain Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence. Information Fusion, 99, 101805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805
Alkhaqani, A. L. (2023). Can ChatGPT help researchers with scientific research writing. J Med Res Rev, 1(1), 9-12. DOI:10.5455/JMRR.20230626013424
Anderson, N., Belavy, D. L., Perle, S. M., Hendricks, S., Hespanhol, L., Verhagen, E., & Memon, A. R. (2023). AI did not write this manuscript, or did it? Can we trick the AI text detector into generated texts? The potential future of ChatGPT and AI in Sports & Exercise Medicine manuscript generation. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 9(1), e001568. DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001568
Annamalai, N., Eltahir, M. E., Zyoud, S. H., Soundrarajan, D., Zakarneh, B., & Al Salhi, N. R. (2023). Exploring English language learning via Chabot: A case study from a self-determination theory perspective. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100148. DOI:10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100148
Anthropic. (2021). Beyond bias: Ensuring trustworthy AI. https://www.anthropic.com/trustworthy-ai
Bailey, S. (2003). Academic writing: A practical guide for students. Psychology Press.
Benbya, H., Davenport, T. H., & Pachidi, S. (2020). Artificial intelligence in organizations: Current state and future opportunities. MIS Quarterly Executive, 19(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3741983
Borges, A. F., Laurindo, F. J., Spínola, M. M., Gonçalves, R. F., & Mattos, C. A. (2021). The strategic use of artificial intelligence in the digital era: Systematic literature review and future research directions. International Journal of Information Management, 57, 102225. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102225
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. DOI:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Burger, B., Kanbach, D. K., Kraus, S., Breier, M., & Corvello, V. (2023). On the use of AI-based tools like ChatGPT to support management research. European Journal of Innovation Management, 26(7), 233-241. DOI:10.1108/EJIM-02-2023-0156
Checco, A., Bracciale, L., Loreti, P.. AI-assisted peer review. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 8, 25 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00703-8
Crawford, K. (2021). The atlas of AI: Power, politics, and the planetary costs of artificial intelligence. Yale University Press.
de la Torre-López, J., Ramírez, A., & Romero, J. R. (2023). Artificial intelligence to automate the systematic review of scientific literature. Computing, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01181-x
Dergaa, I., Chamari, K., Zmijewski, P., & Saad, H. B. (2023). From human writing to artificial intelligence generated text: examining the prospects and potential threats of ChatGPT in academic writing. Biology of Sport, 40(2), 615-622. DOI:10.5114/biolsport.2023.125623
Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., ... & Wright, R. (2023). “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642
Elkhatat, A. M., Elsaid, K., & Almeer, S. (2023). Evaluating the efficacy of AI content detection tools in differentiating between human and AI-generated text. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 19(1), 17. DOI:10.1007/s40979-023-00140-5
Eysenbach, G. (2023). The role of ChatGPT, generative language models, and artificial intelligence in medical education: a conversation with ChatGPT and a call for papers. JMIR Medical Education, 9(1), e46885. DOI:10.2196/46885
Gao, C. A., Howard, F. M., Markov, N. S., Dyer, E. C., Ramesh, S., Luo, Y., & Pearson, A. T. (2022). Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers. BioRxiv, 2022-12. DOI:10.1101/2022.12.23.521610
Giglio, A. D., & Costa, M. U. P. D. (2023). The use of artificial intelligence to improve the scientific writing of non-native english speakers. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 69, e20230560. DOI:10.1590/1806-9282.20230560
Glaser, N. (2023). Exploring the Potential of ChatGPT as an Educational Technology: An Emerging Technology Report. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 1-8. DOI:10.1007/s10758-023-09684-4
Harris, R. (2017). Using sources effectively: Strengthening your writing and avoiding plagiarism. Routledge.
Hosseini, M., Resnik, D. B., & Holmes, K. (2023). The ethics of disclosing the use of artificial intelligence tools in writing scholarly manuscripts. Research Ethics, 17470161231180449. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161231180449
Hsiao, J. C., & Chang, J. S. (2023). Enhancing EFL reading and writing through AI-powered tools: design, implementation, and evaluation of an online course. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2207187
Huang, X., Zou, D., Cheng, G., Chen, X., & Xie, H. (2023). Trends, Research Issues and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Language Education. Educational Technology & Society, 26(1), 112–131. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48707971
Hunkenschroer, A. L., & Luetge, C. (2022). Ethics of AI-enabled recruiting and selection: A review and research agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 178(4), 977-1007. DOI:10.1007/s10551-022-05049-6
Katar, O. , Özkan, D. , -3, G. , Yıldırım, Ö. & Acharya, U. R. (2023). Evaluation of GPT-3 AI Language Model in Research Paper Writing . Turkish Journal of Science and Technology , 18 (2) , 311-318 . DOI: 10.55525/tjst.1272369
Kavanagh, B. (2022). Assessing AI-based Summarizing and Paraphrasing Tools for a CLIL Intercultural Communication Academic Writing Class. Intercultural Communication Studies, 31(2).
Khurana, D., Koli, A., Khatter, K., & Singh, S. (2023). Natural language processing: State of the art, current trends and challenges. Multimedia tools and applications, 82(3), 3713-3744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-13428-4
Kirov, V., & Malamin, B. (2022). Are Translators Afraid of Artificial Intelligence?. Societies, 12(2), 70. DOI:10.3390/soc12020070
Kousha, K., & Thelwall, M. (2023). Artificial intelligence to support publishing and peer review: A summary and review. Learned Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1570
Lee, H. K. (2022). Rethinking creativity: creative industries, AI and everyday creativity. Media, Culture & Society, 44(3), 601-612. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221077009
Liu, Q., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2014). Big questions in AIS research: Measurement, information processing, data analysis, and reporting. Journal of information systems, 28(1), 1-17. DOI:10.2308/isys-10395
Lund, B. D., & Wang, T. (2023). Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries?. Library Hi Tech News, 40(3), 26-29. DOI:10.1108/LHTN-01-2023-0009
Lund, B. D., Wang, T., Mannuru, N. R., Nie, B., Shimray, S., & Wang, Z. (2023). ChatGPT and a new academic reality: Artificial Intelligence‐written research papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 74(5), 570-581. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4389887
Makridakis, S. (2017). The forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution: Its impact on society and firms. Futures, 90, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.006
Malinka, K., Peresíni, M., Firc, A., Hujnák, O., & Janus, F. (2023). On the educational impact of ChatGPT: Is Artificial Intelligence ready to obtain a university degree?. In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1 (pp. 47-53). https://doi.org/10.1145/3587102.3588827
Meshram, S., Naik, N., Megha, V. R., More, T., & Kharche, S. (2021, June). Conversational AI: Chatbots. In 2021 International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. DOI:10.1109/CONIT51480.2021.9498508
Moran, C. (2023). ChatGPT is making up fake Guardian articles. Here’s how we’re responding in The Guardian (6April). https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/apr/06/ai-chatgpt-guardian-technology-risks-fake-article.
Muñoz-Basols, J., Neville, C., Lafford, B. A., & Godev, C. (2023). Potentialities of Applied Translation for Language Learning in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Hispania, 106(2), 171-194. DOI:10.1353/hpn.2023.a899427
OECD (2021), Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Big Data in Finance: Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications for Policy Makers, https://www.oecd.org/finance/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-big-data-in-finance.htm.
Osoba, O. A., Welser IV, W., & Welser, W. (2017). An intelligence in our image: The risks of bias and errors in artificial intelligence. Rand Corporation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7249/RR1744
Price, S., & Flach, P. A. (2017). Computational support for academic peer review: A perspective from artificial intelligence. Communications of the ACM, 60(3), 70-79. DOI:10.1145/2979672
RowlandD. R. (2023). Two frameworks to guide discussions around levels of acceptable use of generative AI in student academic research and writing. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 17(1), T31-T69. Retrieved from https://journal.aall.org.au/index.php/jall/article/view/915 ISSN 1835-5196
Rustambek, M. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence in web sites. In Proceedings of International Conference on Scientific Research in Natural and Social Sciences (Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 101-107). ISSN: 2835-5326
Salvagno, M., Taccone, F. S., & Gerli, A. G. (2023). Can artificial intelligence help for scientific writing?. Critical care, 27(1), 1-5. DOI:10.1186/s13054-023-04380-2
Sarker, I. H. (2021). Machine learning: Algorithms, real-world applications and research directions. SN computer science, 2(3), 160. DOI:10.1007/s42979-021-00592-x
Sharifani, K., Amini, M., Akbari, Y., & Aghajanzadeh Godarzi, J. (2022). Operating Machine Learning across Natural Language Processing Techniques for Improvement of Fabricated News Model. International Journal of Science and Information System Research, 12(9), 20-44.
Shneiderman, B. (2020). Human-centered artificial intelligence: Three fresh ideas. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 12(3), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.17705/1thci.00131
Shneiderman, B. (2021). Human-centered AI. Issues in Science and Technology, 37(2), 56-61. DOI: 10.17705/1thci.00131
Spector, J. M., & Ma, S. (2019). Inquiry and critical thinking skills for the next generation: from artificial intelligence back to human intelligence. Smart Learning Environments, 6(1), 1-11. DOI:10.1186/s40561-019-0088-z
Spennemann, D., Biles, J., Brown, L., Ireland, M., Longmore, L., Singh, C., ... & Ward, C. (2023). ChatGPT giving advice on how to cheat in university assignments—how workable are its suggestions? DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3365084/v1
Syahnaz, M., & Fithriani, R. (2023). Utilizing Artificial Intelligence-based Paraphrasing Tool in EFL Writing Class: A Focus on Indonesian University Students’ Perceptions. Scope: Journal of English Language Teaching, 7(2), 210-218. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/scope.v7i2.14882
Tai, A. M. Y., Meyer, M., Varidel, M., Prodan, A., Vogel, M., Iorfino, F., & Krausz, R. M. (2023). Exploring the potential and limitations of ChatGPT for academic peer-reviewed writing: Addressing linguistic injustice and ethical concerns. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 17(1), T16-T30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/scope.v7i2.14882
Tan, Z. Y., Cai, N., Zhou, J., & Zhang, S. G. (2019). On performance of peer review for academic journals: Analysis based on distributed parallel system. IEEE Access, 7, 19024-19032. DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2896978
Tovar, D. A. (2023). AI Literature Review Suite. arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.02443. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.02443
Vrontis, D., Christofi, M., Pereira, V., Tarba, S., Makrides, A., & Trichina, E. (2022). Artificial intelligence, robotics, advanced technologies and human resource management: a systematic review. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(6), 1237-1266. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1871398
Wang, H., Wu, H., He, Z., Huang, L., & Church, K. W. (2021). Progress in machine translation. Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.023
Wang, Y. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Technologies in College English Translation Teaching. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-023-09960-5
Xu, Y., Liu, X., Cao, X., Huang, C., Liu, E., Qian, S., ... & Zhang, J. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research. The Innovation, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100179
Yan, D. (2023). Impact of ChatGPT on learners in a L2 writing practicum: An exploratory investigation. Education and Information Technologies, 1-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11742-4
Yang, H., Gao, C., & Shen, H. Z. (2023). Learner interaction with, and response to, AI-programmed automated writing evaluation feedback in EFL writing: An exploratory study. Education and Information Technologies, 1-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11991-3
Yang, S., Wang, Y., & Chu, X. (2020). A survey of deep learning techniques for neural machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.07526. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2002.07526
Zhai, C. (2023). A systematic review on artificial intelligence dialogue systems for enhancing English as foreign language students’ interactional competence in the university. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100134