اثربخشی آموزش فراشناخت و تحول مثبت نوجوانی بر تاب‌آوری و بهزیستی تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان دختر با مشکلات رفتاری
محورهای موضوعی : روان شناسی تحولیزهرا موحدیان 1 , امیر قمرانی 2 , ایلناز سجادیان 3
1 - دکتری روان شناسی تربیتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان، اصفهان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه روان شناسی و آموزش کودکان با نیازهای خاص، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه روان شناسی بالینی، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت جامعه،
واحد خوراسگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: مشکلات رفتاری, تاب‌آوری تحصیلی, بهزیستی تحصیلی, تحول مثبت نوجوانی, آموزش مهارت‌های فراشناخت,
چکیده مقاله :
ایـن پژوهـش بـا هـدف مقایسـۀ اثربخشـی آمـوزش فراشـناخت و تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی بـر تاب‌آوری و بهزیسـتی تحصیلـی دانـش‌آمـوزان دختـر دارای مشـکلات رفتـاری انجـام شـد. روش پژوهـش شـبه تجربـی بـا طـرح پیـش‌آزمـون- پـس‌آزمـون و پیگیـری سـه ماهـه بـود. جامعـۀ آمـاری دانش‌آمـوزان دارای اختـلال رفتـاری پایـه نهـم در سـال تحصیلـی ۱۳۹۷-۱۳۹۶ در مـدارس شـهر یـزد بـود کـه بـر اسـاس مـلاک تشـخیص اختـلال رفتـاری دانش‌آمــوزان غربــال شــدند. جهــت انتخــاب نمونــه از روش نمونه‌بــرداری تصادفــی مرحلــه‌ای اســتفاده شــد و ۵۴ دانش‌آمــوز بــا مشــکلات رفتــاری انتخـاب و به‌تصـادف در دو گـروه آزمایشـی و یـک گـروه گـواه جـای داده شـدند و بـه فهرسـت رفتـاری کـودک آشـنباخ (۱۹۹۱)، سـیاهۀ تـاب‌آوری تحصیلـی (سـامویٔلز، ۲۰۰۴) و سـیاهۀ بهزیسـتی تحصیلـی (پیترینـن، سـوینی و پایهالتـو، ۲۰۱۴) پاسـخ دادنـد. دو گـروه آزمایشـی بسـتۀ آموزشـی تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی (موحدیـان، ۲۰۱۹) و فراشـناخت تحـت آمـوزش قـرار گرفتنـد. نتایـج آزمـون تحلیـل واریانـس بـا اندازه‌گیـری مکـرر نشـان داد کـه تأثیـر بسـته آموزشـی تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی و آمـوزش فراشـناخت بـر تـاب‌آوری و بهزیسـتی تحصیلـی معنـادار و بـا ثبـات اسـت. همچنیـن نتایـج نشـان داد بیـن اثربخشـی بسـته آموزشـی تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی و آمـوزش فراشـناخت تفـاوت معنـاداری وجـود نـدارد. ایـن پژوهـش نشـان داد کـه اسـتفاده از آمـوزش فراشـناخت بـه فـرد کمـک می‌کنـد در مواجهـه بـا مشـکلات بـر مبنـای پـردازش اطلاعـات، بـا تمرکززدایـی از مشـکل و تبعـات آن به‌سـوی توجـه بـه خـود، رونـد فکـری بهتـری را طـی کنـد و آمـوزش تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی نیـز بـا توجـه بـه درگیـر کـردن دانش‌آمـوزان ظرفیـت و توانمنـدی دانش‌آمـوزان را در مواجهـه بـا مشـکلات و تـلاش در راسـتای موفقیـت و پیشـرفت تحصیلـی را افزایـش می‌دهـد.
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of teaching metacognitive skills and positive adolescent development on aca- demic resilience and well-being of female students with behavioral problems. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre- test-posttest design and quarterly follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all students with behavioral disorder at ninth grade in the academic year 2017-2018 at schools in Yazd, which were screened according to Achenbach’s Child’s Behavioral Checklist. Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select the sample and 54 students with behavioral problems were selected and randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group. The research tools included Achenbach’s Child’s Behavioral Checklist (1991), Academic Resilience Questionnaire (Samuels, 2004) and Academic Well-Being Questionnaire (Pitrinen, Soini & Pyhalto (2014). The two experimental groups were trained with an adolescent positive development training package and metacognitive skills. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the adolescent positive development training package and teaching metacognitive skills have positive effect on academic resilience and well-being. The results also showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the adoles- cent positive development training package and Teaching Metacognitive Skills. The results of this research showed that the use of metacognitive training helps a person to go through a better thinking process when facing problems based on information processing, by decentralizing the problem and its consequences towards self-attention, and also teaching the positive development of adolescence with regard to Involving students increases the capacity and ability of students in facing problems as well as efforts towards success and academic progress.
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