رابطه پایگاه هویت و سبک دلبستگی با نگرش به تصویر بدنی در دختران نوجوان: نقش واسطه‌ای مقایسۀ اجتماعی
محورهای موضوعی : روان درمانگریمائده هاشمیان 1 , چنگیز رحیمی 2 , عبدالعزیز افلاک سیر 3 , محمدعلی گودرزی 4
1 - دانشکده رواشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز
2 - دانشگاه شیراز
3 - دانشکده روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز
4 - دانشکده روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز
کلید واژه: هویت, دلبستگی, نوجوانی, تصویر بدنی, مقایسۀ اجتماعی,
چکیده مقاله :
هـدف ایـن پژوهـش تعییـن بـرازش مـدل سـاختاری رابطـۀ هویـت و سـبک دلبسـتگی بـا نگـرش بـه تصویـر بدنـی بـا واسـطه‌گری مقایسـۀ اجتماعـی و طـرح ایـن پژوهـش همبسـتگی از نـوع مدل‌یابـی معـادلات سـاختاری بـود. جامعـۀ آمـاری دختـران نوجـوان مشـغول بـه تحصیـل در مقطـع متوسـطۀ شـهر اصفهـان بـود کـه ۵۶۷ نفـر از آنـان بـه شـیوۀ نمونه‌بـرداری تصادفـی خوشـه‌ای انتخـاب و بـه پرسشـنامۀ روابـط چندبعـدی خـود- بـدن، انـدازۀ عینـی پایـگاه هویـت من-نسـخۀ دوم (بنیـون و آدامـز، ۱۹۸۶)، مقیـاس سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی (کولینـز و ریـد، ۱۹۹۰) و پرسشـنامۀ مقایسـۀ اجتماعـی (چـان و پرندرگسـت، ۲۰۰۷) پاسـخ دادنـد. نتایـج معـادلات سـاختاری نشـان داد کـه همـۀ شـاخص‌های برازندگـی مـدل مناسـب اسـت. نتایـج نشـان داد ضرایـب مسـیر مسـتقیم پایـگاه هویـت و سـبک دلبسـتگی بـه مقایسـۀ اجتماعـی و پایـگاه هویـت، سـبک دلبسـتگی و مقایسـۀ اجتماعـی بـه نگـرش بـه تصویـر بدنـی معنـادار بـود و مقایسـۀ اجتماعـی بیـن پایـگاه هویـت و سـبک دلبسـتگی بـا نگـرش بـه تصویـر بدنـی نقـش واسـطه‌ای دارد. بـا توجـه بـه نتایـج ایـن پژوهـش به‌نظـر می‌رسـد افـرادی کـه پایـگاه هویـت موفـق و سـبک دلبسـتگی ایمـن دارنـد بـه دلیـل گرایـش کمتـر بـه مقایسـۀ اجتماعـی، نگـرش بـه تصویـر بدنـی بهتـری را تجربـه می‌کننـد.
This study aimed to determine the relationship between identity status and attachment styles with attitude toward body image in adolescent girls with the mediating role of social comparison. The research design was correlational study-structural equation modeling. The high school students in Isfahan in 2021 were the statistical population of this study, 567 of whom participated by cluster random sampling method. Data collection instruments included the Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire (Cash, 1997), Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status-2nd Version (Bennion & Adams, 1986), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read), and Social Comparison Scale (Chan & Prendergast, 2007). The data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling and the results showed that all of the model fitness indices were appropriate. The results also showed that the path coefficients of identity status and attachment style to social comparison and identity status, attachment style, and social comparison to attitude to body image were significant. Also, the social comparison had a mediation role in the relationship between identity status and attachment style with body image attitude. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that people who have a successful identity status and secure attachment style, experience a better attitude towards body image due to less tendency to social comparison.
Adams, G. R., Bennion, L., & Huh, K. (1989). Objective measure of ego identity status: A reference manual. University of Guelph: Guelph.
Argyrides, M., & Kkeli, N. (2013). Multidimension- al Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scales: Psychometric properties of the Greek version. Psychological Reports, 113(3), 885-897.
Arshadi, N., & Mansouri Nik, A. (2020). The causal re- lationship between the internalization of the slimming ideal and body dissatisfaction with the role of a social comparison. Social Psychology Research, 9(35), 53- 66. [In Persian].
Beinenfeld, D. (2006). Psychodynamic theory. translated by D. Arab Qahestani, F. Wadaye Khair & S. Erin. Tehran: Rushd Publishing House. [In Persian].
Bennion, L., & Adams, G.R. (1986). A revision of the ex- tended version of the objective measure of ego identity status instrument for use with late adolescents. Adoles- cent Research, 1(1), 183-198.
Boroumandian, N., Mohammadi, N., & Rahimi Taghan- ki, C. (2020). The effectiveness of group-narrative and psychotherapeutic group therapy on the identity of adolescent girls with psychological distress. Devel- opmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 15(60), 379-390. [In Persian].
Brown, W. P. (2011). Adult attachment styles relation- ship satisfaction and body dissatisfaction in women. PhD Dissertation, Denton Texas university. UMI dissertation publishing proquest.
Cash, T. F. (1997). The body image workbook: An 8-step program for learning to like your looks. New Harbinger Publications, Inc.
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. (2008). Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications. New York. NY: Guilford Press.
Chan, K., & Prendergast, G. (2007). Materialism and social comparison among adolescents. Social Behavior and
Sabzevari, P., Ghanbari, S., Nazarboland, N., & Lavaf, H. (2019). The Relationship Between Family Function and Body Image in Adolescent Girls: Intermediate Role of Perfectionism. Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Jour- nal, 7(9), 31-50. [In Persian].
Sarwer,D. (2018). Body image, cosmetic surgery, and min- imally invasive treatments. Body Image, 31, 302- 308.
Sepah Mansour, M., Barati, Z., & Husseinghli, F. (2015). The mediating role of social comparison in relation to perceived social support of parents and Peers with ma- terialism in high school students, Social Cognition, 4 (8), 89-101. [In Persian].
Solgi, M., & Sadeghpour, B. (2021). Reconstruction, val- idation, standardization and standardization of the ex- panded questionnaire for objective assessment of my identity and preparation of its short form in Iranian so- ciety. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(6), 140-151. [In Persian].
Taniguchi, E., & Hubbard, S.E. (2020). Effects of Phys- ical Appearance Social Comparisons and Perceived Attainability of an Ideal Body on Body Dissatisfac- tion and Weight-Management Behaviors Among Young Japanese Women. Japanese Psychological , .240–227 ,)4(62
Vartanian, L. R., & Dey, S. (2013). Self-concept clarity, thin ideal internalization, and appearance-related social comparison as predictors of body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 10(4), 495-500.
Vartanian, L. R., Hayward, L. E., Smyth, J. M., Paxton, S. J. & Touyz, S. W. (2018). Risk and resiliency fac- tors related to body dissatisfaction and disordered eat- ing: The identity disruption model. Eating Disorder, .322-330 ,)4(51
Zad Hassan, Z., & Siraj Khorami, N. (2017). Rela- tionship between body image anxiety, early mala- daptive schemas and mood dysphoria with social anxiety among female students of Islamic Azad University, Journal of Social Psychology, 10(38), 61-80. [In Persian].
Zivdar, N., Pezeshk, S., & Eskandari, H. (1400). Motion comparisons in 6- to 9-year-olds with secure and in- secure attachment styles. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 17(68), 427-449. [In Persian].
Holmqvist Gattario, K., & Frisén, A. (2019). From nega- tive to positive body image: Men’s and women’s jour- neysfrom early adolescence to emerging adulthood, Body Image, 25, 53-65.
Jomeen, J., & Martin, C.R. (2005). Self-esteem and mental health during early pregnancy. Clinical Effectiveness of Nursing, 9(1-2), 92-95.
Khorshidi, F., & Fathi Aghdam, G. (2018). The relation- ship between general self- efficacy and attachment styles, and body image in female students. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(1), 26-33. [In Persian].
Markey,C., Dunaev, J., & August, K. (2020). Body image ex- periences in the context of chronic pain: Anexamination of associations among perceptions of pain, body dissatisfac- tion, and positive body image. Body Image, 32, 103- 110.
Mittal, B. (2015). Self-concept clarity: Exploring its role in consumer behavior. Economic Psychology, 46 , 98-110.
Momeni, M., Ghorbani, A., & Hassan Doust, F. (2017). Predictors of body image dissatisfaction in Qazvin Uni- versity of Medical Sciences students. Psychiatric Nurs- ing, 4(1), 28-37. [In Persian].
Mousavi, A., Pourhossein, R., Zare, A., Mousavian, A., & Gomnam, A. (2015). Body image in the views and schools of psychology. Development Psychology: Ira- nian Psychologists, 5(2), 209-266. [In Persian].
Pakdaman, Sh. (2002). Investigating the Relationship between Attachment and Socialism in Adolescence. PhD Dissertation in Psychology, University of Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
Poor Farahani, M., Zamani Nia, F., Arian Moghadam, Z., & Aghamohammadian Sherbaf, H. (2018). Effective- ness of cognitive-behavioral eight-stage therapy on the body image and martial commitment. Pathology. Family Pathology, Counseling and Enrichment, 4(7), 63-76. [In Persian].
Raghibi, M., & Minakhani, G. (2012). Managing the body and its relationship to body image and perception. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 12 (4),72-81. [In Persian].
Rodgers,R., Campagna, J., & Attawala, R. (2019). Ste- reotypes of physical attractiveness and social influ- ences:The heritage and vision of Dr. Thomas Cash.
Body Image, 31, 273- 279.