اثربخشی آموزش گروهی مبتنی بر نظریۀ عقلانی، هیجانی، رفتاری بر خشم و حساسیت به طرد
محورهای موضوعی : روان‌شناسی بالینی
صبا فکور
1
,
مهدیه رحمانیان
2
,
مهناز علی اکبری دهکردی
3
1 - کارشناس ارشد
روان شناسی عمومی
دانشگاه پیام نور
2 - استادیار گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور
3 - استاد گروه روان شناسی دانشگاه پیام نور
کلید واژه: خشم, آموزش گروهی, حساسیت به طرد, نظریۀ عقلانی- هیجانی- رفتاری,
چکیده مقاله :
هـدف ایـن پژوهـش تعییـن اثربخشـی آمـوزش گروهـی مبتنـی بـر نظریـۀ عقلانـی، هیجانـی، رفتـاری بـر کاهـش خشـم و حساسـیت بـه طـرد بـود. روش ایـن پژوهـش شـبه‌تجربی بـا طـرح پیش‌آزمـون، پس‌آزمـون بـا گـروه گـواه و دورۀ پیگیـری یک‌ماهـه و جامعـۀ آمـاری ایـن پژوهـش زنـان شـاغل شـهر تهـران بـود. 30 نفـر بـه شـکل داوطلـب انتخـاب و پرسشـنامۀ حساسـیت بـه طـرد (داونـی و فلدمـن، 1996) و فرم‌کوتـاه سـیاهۀ خشـم (نواکـو، 1975) را تکمیـل کردنـد. بـرای تحلیـل داده‌هـا از تحلیـل کوواریانـس و تحلیـل واریانـس بـا اندازه‌گیری‌هـای مکـرر اسـتفاده شـد. یافته‌هـا حاکـی از آن بـود کـه آمـوزش گروهـی مبتنـی بـر نظریـۀ عقلانـی، هیجانـی، رفتـاری بهطـور قابل‌ملاحظـه‌ای حساسـیت بـه طـرد و خشـم را در گـروه آزمایـش کاهـش داده و ایـن اثـر در مرحلـۀ پیگیـری نیـز ثابـت باقـی مانـده اسـت. بـا توجـه بـه یافته‌هـای پژوهـش می‌تـوان دریافـت ایـن آمـوزش می‌توان بـرای زنـان بـا مشـکلات حساسـیت بـه طـرد بـالا و خشـم سـودمند باشـد.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of group training based on rational, emotive, behavioral theory on reducing anger and rejection sensitivity in working women. This study was a pseudo-experimental pretest-posttest design with control group and one month follow-up period. The statistical population of this research included working women in Tehran whom 30 were selected as available. The instruments of research included Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downy & Feld- man, 1996) and Novaco Anger Inventory - short form (Novaco, 1975). The statistical methods used for data analysis were analysis of covariance and analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results showed that group training based on rational, emotive, behavioral theory has significantly reduced the anger and rejection sensitivity in the experimental group and this effect has remained steady in the follow-up phase. According to the research results, it could be an appropriate intervention for working women with anger and high rejection sensitivity problems.
Ahmadi, E. (2018). The effectiveness of compassion fo- cused group therapy on sociotropy and sensitivity to rejection in high school. M.A. Dissertation, Depart- mant of Psychology-University of Chamran-Ahvaz. [In Persian].
Abdul Jalil, N. I., & Mahfar, M. (2016). The validity and reliability of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy Module development for university support staff. Asian Social Science, 12(2), 1-9.
Aliakbari Dehkordi, M., Salehi, Sh., & Rezaei, A. (2014). The comparison of the relationship between irrational beliefs and defense styles among cardiac patients and ordinary people. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychol- ogy, 6(6), 18-32. [In Persian].
Albion, M. (2000). Making a life, making a living: Re- claiming your purpose and passion in business and in life. New York: Warner Business Books.
Ando, M., Natsume, T., Kukihara, H., Shibata, H., & Ito, S. (2011). Efficacy of mindfulness based meditation therapy on the sense of coherence and mental health of nurses. Health, 3(2), 118-122.
Ayduk, O., Mendoza-Denton, R., Mischel, W., Downey, G., Peake, P. K., & Rodriguez, M. (2000). Regulating the interpersonal self: Strategic self-regulation for cop- ing with rejection sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,79(5),776-792.
Bondü, R., & Krahé, B. (2015). Links of justice and rejec
tion sensitivity with aggression in childhood and ado- lescence. Aggressive Behavior, 41(4), 353-368.
Bornstein, R. F. (1992). The dependent personality: Devel- opmental, social, and clinical perspectives. Psychologi- cal Bulletin, 112(1), 3-23.
Butler, J. C., Doherty, M. S., & Potter, R. M. (2007). Social antecedents and consequences of interpersonal rejec- tion sensitivity. Personality and Individual Differ- ences, 43(6), 1376-1385.
Conger, J. C., Conger, A. J., Edmondson, C., Tescher, B., & Smolin, J. (2003). The relationship of anger and social skills to psychological symptoms. Assessment, .248-258 ,)3(10
Craddock, M. (2004). The authentic career: Following the path of self-discovery to professional fulfillment. Nova- to, CA: New World Library.
Denckla, C. A., Consedine, N. S., & Bornstein, R. F. (2017). Self-compassion mediates the link between dependen- cy and depressive symptomatology in college students. Self and Identity, 16(4), 373-383.
Dryden, W. (2007). Dryden’s handbook of individual ther- apy. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Dryden, W., DiGiuseppe, R., & Neenan, M. (2010). A primer on rational emotive behavior therapy. IL: Research Press.
Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of re- jection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1327-1343.
Edelstein, M. R. (2020). 5 Misunderstandings about REBT shedding light on major confusions. Psychology Today. Retrieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www.psycholo- gytoday.com
Ellis, A. (1986). Anger: How to live with and without it. Citadel: English Language edition.
Ellis, A. (1988). How to stubbornly refuse to make yourself miserable about anything. U.S.: Citadel Press Inc.
Ellis, R. D. (2008). In what sense is “Rationality” a criteri- on for emotional self-awareness?. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(3), 972-973.
Elmy Manesh, N. (2017). The effectiveness of Ellis ration- al emotive behavioral education therapy (REBT) on the health of the experts working in Iran Khodro Die
sel company. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 5(6), 359-366. [In Persian].
Esmkhani Akbarinezhad, H. Etemadi, A., & Nasirnezhad, F. (2015). The effectiveness of rational-emotive be- havioral group therapy in psychological well-being of women. Clinical Psychology Studies, 15(4), 25-42. [In Persian].
Feinstein, B. A., Goldfried, M. R., & Davila, J. (2012). The relationship between experiences of discrimination and mental health among lesbians and gay men: An exam- ination of internalized homonegativity and rejection sensitivity as potential mechanisms. Journal of Con- sulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(5), 917-927.
Fistikci, N., Keyvan, A., Gorgulu, Y., Senyuva, G., Erten, E., & Sungur, M. Z. (2015). Sociotropic personality traits positively correlate with the severity of so- cial anxiety. South African Journal of Psychiatry, .54-56 ,)2(21
Flanagan, R., Allen, K., & Henry, D. J. (2010). The impact of anger management treatment and rational emotive behavior therapy in a public school setting on social skills, anger management, and depression. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 28, .99–87
Friedman, H. S., & Booth-Kewley, S. (1987). The dis- ease-prone personality: A meta analytic view of the construct. American Psychologist, 42(6), 539-555.
Fryer, D. ( 2020). Love songs are nuts with Valentine’s day, just around the corner, it might help to remember this. Psychology Today. Retrieved July 12, 2021 from: https://www.psychologytoday.com
Ghasemi Monsef, S., & Manavipour, D. (2021). The role of attachment anxiety and avoidance in theory of mind and autobiographical memory. Journal of Develop- mental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 17(67), 271-280. [In Persian].
Ghobadi, A. (2017). The effect of group training based on rational-emotional-behavioral theory (REBT) on reducing anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty and nega- tive orientation to the problem in students of Ferdowsi University. M.A. Dissertation, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian].
Gonzalez, J. E., Nelson, J. R., Gutkin, T. B., Saunders, A., Gallowa, A., & Shwery. C. S. (2004). Rational emo
tive therapy with children and adolescents: A meta analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disor- ders, 12(4), 222-235.
Harburg, E., Julius, M., Kaciroti, N., Gleiberman, L., & Schork, A. M. (2003). Expressive/suppressive anger‐ coping responses, gender, and types of mortality: A 17‐year follow‐up (Tecumseh, Michigan, 1971‐1988). Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(4), 588-597.
Harper, M. S., Dickson, J. W., & Welsh, D. P. (2006). Self-silencing and rejection sensitivity in adolescent romantic relationships. Journal of Youth and Adoles- cence, 35(3), 435-443.
Hojjati, F. (2016). Statistical society and statistical sample. Retrieved March 9, 2021 from: http://toptahlil.com
Kelliher, J. L. (2013). Personality, rejection sensitivity and perceptions of social support adequacy as predictors of college students’depressive symptoms. Doctoral Dis- sertation, Western Carolina University.
Khoshkam, S., Bahrami, F., Rahmatollahi, F., & Najarpou- rian, S. (2014). Psychometric properties of rejection sensitivity questionnaire in students. Psychological Re- search, 17(1), 24-44. [In Persian].
Lancer, D. (2020). How to recover from rejection and breakups:Science reveals we’re wired to feel pain with rejection. Psychology Today. Retrieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www.psychologytoday.com
Leider, R. J., & Shapiro, D. A. (2001). Whistle while you work: Heeding your life’s calling. San Francisco: Ber- rett-Koehler.
Malekpour, M., Zangeneh, S., & Aghababaei, S. (2012). A study of the psychometric properties of Novaco Anger Questionnaire (short form) in Isfahan City. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Science, 1(2), 1-8. [In Persian].
Milevsky, A., Schlechter. M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in ado- lescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression and life-satisfaction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, .39-47 ,)1(16
Moldovan, R. (2009). An analysis of the impact of irration- al beliefs and illness representation in predicting dis- tress in cancer and type ii diabetes patients. Cognition, Brain, Behavior : An Interdisciplinary Journal, 13(2), 179-193.
Moradifard, R., Seydi, M.S., & Zeinali, F. (2020). Family emotional involvements and the quality of adolescents’ relationship with peers: the mediating role of the quali- ty of parent-child interactions. Journal of Developmen- tal Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 17(65), 27-38. [In Persian].
Narimani, M., Bagiyankoulemarz, M. J., & Mehdinejad Moghadam, B.(2015). The comparison of unlogicul believes and self-skilfullness and psychological best lining in patients who are affected to migraine and healthy person. Quarterly Journal of Health Psy- chology, 4(13), 7-20. [In Persian].
Nemko, M. (2020). Anger management tips: Self-help ideas for the anger-prone and for people who interact with them. Psychology Today. Retrieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www.psychologytoday.com
Novaco, R.W. (2002). Handbook of offender assessment and treatment. London: Wiley.
Novaco, R. W., & Jarvis, K. L. (2002). Brief cognitive behavioral intervention for anger. Handbook of Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 77-100. UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Ogbuanya, T. C., Eseadi, C., Orji, C.T., Anyanwu, J. I., Ede, M. O., & Bakare, J. (2018). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy on negative career thoughts of students in technical colleges in Nigeria. Psycholog- ical Reports, 121(2), 356-374.
Omidian, M. (2011). Investigation of the effectiveness of anger control group training with rational, behavioral and emotional approach on reducing the aggression of male prisoners of shahrekord’s central jail. M.A. Dis- sertation, Payam Noor University, Tehran Center, Fac- ulty of Liberal Arts. [In Persian].
Omrani, B. (2021). The effectiveness of group training based on rational, emotive, behavioral theory (REBT) on promoting the self-esteem and reducing the occu- pational burnout in married working men. M.A. Dis- sertation, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Faculty of Liberal Arts. [In Persian].
Pachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Starks, T. J. (2014). The influence of structural stigma and rejec- tion sensitivity on young sexual minority men’s daily tobacco and alcohol use. Social Science & Medicine, 67-75 ,103.
Park, L. E. (2007). Appearance-based rejection sensitivity: Implications for mental and physical health, affect, and motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulle- tin, 33(4), 490-504.
Park, L. E., Calogero, R. M., Harwin, M. J., & DiRaddo, A. M. (2009). Predicting interest in cosmetic surgery: Interactive effects of appearance-based rejection sensi- tivity and negative appearance comments. Body Image, .186-193 ,)3(6
Payab, F. (2011). Investigating the effectiveness of group training on reducing domestic violence in married male students of Islamic Azad University of Gachsa- ran. M.A. Dissertation, Islamic Azad University, Mar- vdasht Branch, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology. [In Persian].
Rheinschmidt, M. L., & Mendoza-Denton, R. (2014). So- cial class and academic achievement in college: The interplay of rejection sensitivity and entity beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(1), .101-121
Rosner, R. (2011). Albert Ellis ‘rational-emotive behavior therapy. Adolescent Psychiatry, 1(1), 82-87.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L., (2001). On happiness and hu- man potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, .141-166 ,)1(52
Samenow,S.E. (2021). Reducing anger through cognitive change: An alternative to anger management. Psychol- ogy Today. Retrieved June 13, 2021 from: https://www. psychologytoday.com
Sava, F., Yates, B., Lupu, V., Szentagotai, A., & David, D. (2009). Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of cognitive therapy, rational-emotive-behavior therapy, and fluoxe- tine (Prozac) in treating depression: A randomized clin- ical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 36-52.
Shahkaram, H. Lotfinia, S. Mojahed, A. Farhangian. E & Madadjoo, Y. (2020). The rational emotive behavioral group therapy for depression and anger of patients with multiple sclerosis. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medi- cine, 2, 770-774.
Smith, T. W., & Ruiz, J. M. (2002). Psychosocial influences on the development and course of coronary heart dis- ease: current status and implications for research and practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psy- chology, 70(3), 548-568.
Stroud, L.R., Salovey, P., Epel, E.S, (2002), Sex differences in stress responses: Social rejection versus achievement stress. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 52(4), 318-327.
Suls, J., Wan, C. K., & Costa, P. T. (1995). Relationship of trait anger to resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 14(5), 444-456.
Thomas, S. P., Groer, M., Davis, M., Droppleman, P., Moz- ingo, J., & Pierce, M. (2000). Anger and cancer: an analysis of the linkages. Cancer Nursing, 23(5), .344-349
Travers, M. (2019). Where does rejection sensitivity come from? A new study explores possible developmental sources of rejection sensitivity. Psychology Today. Re- trieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www.psychologyto- day.com
Turner, T., & Barker, J. B. (2012). Examining the effica- cy of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) on irrational beliefs and anxiety in elite youth cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 25(1),131-147.
Wang, Y. L., & Wu, C. (2021) . Personality can be changed at work: Why and how? Our personalities can change more than once thought and our jobs can help. Psychol- ogy Today. Retrieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www. psychologytoday.com
Zandi, A. (2019). The effectiveness of training based on rational, emotive, behavioral therapy on procrastina- tion and academic burnout of students. M.A. Disser- tation, Kharazmi University, International Campus. [In Persian].
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J.,Trevaskis, S., Nesdale, D., & Downey, G. A. (2014). Relational victimization, lone- liness and depressive symptoms: Indirect associations via self and peer reports of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(4), 568-582.