چکیده مقاله :
کاربردهای دلالت اشاره در فقه و حقوق*
زینب گیلانی[1]
عبدالرسول قاسمی کجانی[2]
چکیده دلالت در لغت به معنای راهبری است و در اصطلاح دارای اقسام زیادی است. ماهیت دلالت اشاره از دید اصولیان متفاوت است. برخی آن را از جمله دلالت‌های منطوقی، برخی آن را جزء دلالت‌های مفهومی و برخی دیگر قائل به قسم سومی میان این دو دلالت، به نام دلالت سیاقی هستند. نظر چهارمی نیز در این میان مطرح گردید که دلالت اشاره در اصل دلالت نیست و نامیدن آن به دلالت، با مسامحه همراه است. تعریف دلالت اشاره به مبنای انتخابی بستگی دارد. کتب مصطلحات اصول فقه دلالت اشاره را از جمله دلالت‌های سیاقی به شمار آورده‌اند و آن را دلالتی می‌دانند که لازمه کلام است ولی دلالت التزامی آن محسوب نمی‌شود؛ بلکه لزوم غیر بین کلام یا لزوم بین بمعنی الاعم آن به شمار می‌رود و عرفاً هم مقصود متکلم نیست. همه اصولی‌ها اتفاق‌نظر دارند در این‌که دلالت اشاره حجیت دارد ولی در این‌که از چه بابی حجت است، اختلاف‌نظر وجود دارد. در مذاهب حنفی، شافعی، امامیه و تا حدودی در مذهب مالکی در مورد دلالت اشاره بحث شده است. دلالت اشاره کاربردهای فقهی و حقوقی فراوانی دارد که در این پژوهش به آن اشاره شده است.
کلیدواژه ها: دلالت، دلالت معنا، دلالت مفهوم، دلالت اشاره، دلالت اقتضا.
* تاریخ دریافت: 27/8/94 تاریخ پذیرش : 15/02/95
[1] - دانشجوی دکتری فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی دانشگاه مذاهب اسلامی (نویسنده مسئول).
- [2] دانشجوی دکتری فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی دانشگاه قم و استاد سطح عالی حوزه علمیه اصفهان.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The Applications of Implying Significations in Inferring Verdicts Zeinab Gilani [1] Abdulrasool Ghasemi Kejani [2] Abstract "Significance" literally means guiding, but technically includes many kinds. The nature of Dilᾱlah al-Ishᾱrah (implying signification) has been identified in various ways by the scholars of principles of jurisprudence some of whom classified it under "Literal Significance" and some others under "Conceptual Significance", while a third group identified it as a totally different kind known as "Contextual Significance". There is a fourth view of course,which claims that it is by no means a kind of significance and its naming as "Significance" is not precise. Thus, the definition of "Implying Signification" depends on the admitted view regarding its nature. In terminology dictionaries of principles of jurisprudence, the “Implying Signification” has been regarded as a contextual significance which is the implicit meaning of speech but it is not considered as entailed meaning. This meaning is called either Lozum-Gheir-Bayen (unclear implication) or Lozum-Bayen-A'am (clear but general implication) and is assumed to be conventionally unintended. All the scholars of principles of jurisprudence agree upon the authority and validity of “Implying Signification” but disagree about how to prove it. In Islamic schools of law such as Hanafi, Shafiie and Imami and to some extent in Maliki, they have discussed about the functions of “Implying Signification” which can be numerous in legal and jurisprudential issues. This essay is aimed at introducing and clarifying some of these functions. Key Words: Significance, Literal Significance, Conceptual Significance, Implying Signification, Contextual Significance [1]. Ph.D Candidate of Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law at Mazaheb Islamic University. The corresponding Author. [2]. Ph.D. Candidate of Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law at Ghom University, and Instructor at Huzeh Elmiyeh of Isfahan.
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