ماهیت محاربه
محورهای موضوعی :
فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/01/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/05/24
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/06/01
کلید واژه:
واژگان کلیدی: محاربه,
افساد فی الارض,
اهل ریبه,
سلاح,
نفی فی الارض,
چکیده مقاله :
ماهیت محاربه*
مهدی اسماعیلی[1]
چکیده
آیه 33 سوره مائده به جرم انگاری محاربه و افساد فی الارض پرداخته اما تعریفی از این عناوین بعمل نیاورده است، دسته ای از فقها محاربه و افساد فی الارض را یک عنوان دانسته اند و دسته ای دیگر قائل به دو عنوان مستقل از هم هستند، روایات مرتبط با اعتیاد به قتل ذمی ، آتش کشیدن منازل، سحر و ...همگی ناظر به اینست که افساد فی الارض معنای گسترده تری دارد و محاربه یکی از مصادیق آن می باشد، همچنین در اجزای تعریفی که مشهور فقها از محاربه دارند نیز اختلاف نظر دیده می شود، برخی از فقها مذکر بودن را در تحقق محاربه شرط می دانند و دسته ای دیگر قائل به عدم اشتراط آن هستند. دسته ای از فقها وجود اهل ریبه را شرط می دانند و دسته ای دیگر آن را شرط نمی دانند و همچنین در مورد سلاح، نحوه به صلیب کشیدن، نفی فی الارض و ... نیز اختلاف نظر دیده می شود. در این مقاله سعی شده است به تحلیل ماهیت محاربه پرداخته شود، به دلیل جرم انگاری محاربه در ماده 183 قانون مجازات اسلامی دست یابی به مفاهیم و مصادیق مرتبط با آن از نظر عملی بسیار مفید است.همچنین سعی شده مقارنه ای بین نظرات فقهای امامیه و عامه صورت پذیرد.
کلیدواژه ها: محاربه، افساد فی الارض، اهل ریبه، سلاح، نفی فی الارض.
* تاریخ دریافت : 20/9/94 تاریخ پذیرش: 20/05/95
[1]. عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قائمشهر، گروه حقوق، قائمشهر، ایران.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The Nature of War (Mühārebeh) Mehdi Esmaeli [1] Abstract: The verse 33 of Ma’deh addresses criminalization of war (Mühārebeh) and corruption on earth (Efsad-fel-Arz), but has not provided any definition of such terms. Some jurists consider such terms as one and the same while there are others who differentiate them. Indications relevant to addictions to murder, igniting homes, witching, etc. all show that corruption on earth signifies a vast meaning and Mühārebeh is one signification of that. In addition, in definition components of Mühārebeh among jurists, there exists disagreement. Some jurists consider masculinity in its accomplishment, whereas others do not hold such a view. Groups of scholars suppose the necessary requirement of evils (Ahl-e-Ribeh), but others do not consider that requirement. Concerning weapons, crucifixion method, denial on earth, etc. there exists disparity of opinions. The study attempts to analyze the nature of Mühārebeh due to the fact that criminalization of Mühārebeh in Article 183 of Islamic Penal Law is of practical use in terms of concepts and instances. Additionally, it is attempted to synchronize the views among Imamiyeh and public jurists. Key Words: Mühārebeh, Corruption on Earth (Efsad-fel-Arz), Evils (Ahl-e-Ribeh), Weapons, Denial on Earth [1] . Faculty Member of Law Department at IAU, Ghaemshahr Branch, Iran.
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