اثر تنش شوری بر قوه‌نامیه بذر پسته خودرو (Pistacia vera L.) در جنگل خواجه کلات مشهد

محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی

هادی فدایی ¹ (دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران)
وحید اعتماد ² (دانشیار گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران)
غلامحسین مرادی ³ (استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات))

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/11/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/12/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/02/01

کلید واژه: بذر, جنگل پسته خودرو, جوانه‌زنی, قوه‌نامیه,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به این‌که سطح وسیعی از اراضی ایران تحت تأثیر شوری می‌باشد، بنابراین مطالعه سطح تحمل گیاهان به شوری دارای اهمیت زیادی است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر شوری بر جوانه‌زنی و قوه‌نامیه بذر پسته خودرو انجام شده است. روش بررسی: نمونه‌برداری بذر به‌صورت تصادفی و بر اساس واحدهای شکل زمین انجام گردید. قبل از آزمایش جوانه‌زنی، ابتدا تیمار استراتیفیکاسیون به مدت 6 هفته در دمای 4 درجه سانتی‌گراد بر روی بذرها انجام شد. سپس آزمایش جوانه‌زنی به صورت فاکتوریل و در غالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گردید و بعد از انجام تیمارهای شوری صفاتی از قبیل قوه‌نامیه بذر، طول ساقه‌چه، طول ریشه‌چه و ضریب آلومتری محاسبه شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که درصد قوه‌نامیه بذر پسته، ضریب آلومتری، طول ساقه چه و ریشه‌چه با شوری همبستگی معنی داری دارد (01/0p <). همچنین جوانه‌زنی بذر در طبقات مختلف ارتفاعی با افزایش شوری کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان می‌دهد. نتایج بررسی ضریب آلومتری در طبقات شیب و ارتفاعی مختلف نشان داد که ضریب آلومتری در سطح شوری صفر میلی مولار در تمامی طبقات شیب و ارتفاع اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشته و در این سطح شوری میزان این ضریب به طور معنی‌داری بیش‌تر از بقیه سطوح بوده است. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق افزایش شوری موجب کاهش رشد و کاهش جوانه‌زنی پسته می‌گردد. در ارتفاعات بالاتر میزان جوانه‌زنی بذر پسته بیش‌تر بوده و این در حالی است که در برخی گونه‌ها افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا اثر عکس دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: The wide area of Iran is effected by salinity. So, study on salinity tolerance of plants are too important. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate effect of salinity on germination and viability of wild Pistachio seed. Method: Seed sampling was done randomly and based on land unit map. Before germination test, stratification treatment was performed on seeds for 6 weeks in 4 °C. Germination test was done as factorial and completely randomized deign in tree repetition. After salinity treatments, seed germination, shoot length, root length and algometric ratio was measured.    Findings: Results showed that salinity increasing was caused significantly decrease of seed viability, algometric ratio, root and stem length (p < 0.01). Also, increase of salinity in deferent altitude levels was caused significantly decrease of seed viability. Results of algometric ratio in different height and slope classes showed that there was not significant difference in zero salinity level and this ratio was significantly higher in this level comparing to other levels. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarding to results of this research, increase of salinity causing decrease of Pistachio growth and germination. Pistachio seed germination is more in higher altitude, while in some species altitude have opposite effect.

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