ارزیابی اثرات توسعه محیط‌زیست با کاربرد مدل تخریب (مطالعه موردی: منطقه حفاظت‌شده باغ شادی)
محورهای موضوعی :
ارزیابی پی آمدهای محیط زیستی
مهدیه ابراهیمی
1
(
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران.
)
مریم مروتی
2
(
دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران
)
مهدی تازه
3
(
دانشیارگروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران.
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/12/02
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/27
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01
کلید واژه:
مدل تخریب,
توسعه,
آسیب پذیری,
منطقه حفاظت‌شده باغ شادی,
ارزیابی اثرات,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: مناطق حفاظت‌شده در کشور به دلیل کاهش کیفیت نیازمند پایش و اقدامات حفاظتی هستند. لذا در این راستا مدل تخریب با کمی کردن فعالیت‌های انسانی، می تواند کاربردی باشد. این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی توسعه بر منطقه حفاظت شده باغ شادی با استفاده از مدل تخریب در سال 1399صورت گرفت.روش بررسی: برای اجرای این مدل در منطقه مورد مطالعه، ابتدا منطقه به 406 پیکسل با مقیاس 1:50000 و در ابعاد 500 * 500 سانتی متر تقسیم شد. با استفاده از نقشه‌های موجود، مشاهده میدانی و نظر کارشناسان 8 عامل تخریب در کل منطقه شناسایی و شدت آن‌ها تعیین گردید.یافته ها: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد از بین عوامل تخریب شناسایی شده، فعالیت های گردشگری بیشترین تخریب را در منطقه حفاظت شده باغ شادی داشت. در ادامه آسیب‌پذیری اکولوژیکی منطقه با استفاده از نقشه‌های شیب، جهت، ارتفاع، اقلیم، عمق خاک، تراکم پوشش گیاهی، دما، باران، کاربری اراضی با ابزار GIS محاسبه و به لحاظ شدت طبقه‌بندی گردید. پس از محاسبه تراکم فیزیولوژیک، ضریب تخریب در هر یک از پیکسل‌ها محاسبه و بر اساس نظریه فازی در 6 طبقه و 3 دسته طبقه بندی شد. سپس کلیه شبکه ها از نظر شدت و میزان تخریب با یکدیگر مقایسه و کل منطقه به سه پهنه مستعد توسعه بیش تر، نیازمند بازسازی و نیازمند اقدامات حفاظتی تقسیم شد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد به لحاظ کیفیت سرزمین، 83/27 درصد از منطقه در طبقه مستعد توسعه بیش تر (طبقه دوم)، 22/35 درصد در طبقه نیازمند بازسازی در طبقه اول، 31/29 درصد در طبقه نیازمند بازسازی در طبقه دوم، 64/7 درصد در طبقه نیازمند اقدامات حفاظتی (طبقه اول) قرار دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Protected areas in the country requires monitoring and protection measures due to reduced quality. Therefore, in this regard, degradation model could be applied by quantifying human activities The aim of this study was environmental impact assessment of development in Bagh-e Shadi protected area using the degradation model in 2020.Material and Methodology: To implement this model in the study area, first the area was divided into 406 pixels with a scale of 1: 50,000 and dimensions of 500 x 500 cm. Using existing maps, field observation and experts' opinions, 8 factors of degradation model in the whole region were identified and their severity was determined.Findings: The results showed that among the identified degradation factors, tourism activities had the most degradation in the protected area of Bagh-e Shadi. Then, the ecological vulnerability of the area was calculated using slope, direction, altitude, climate, soil depth, vegetation density, temperature, rainfall, land use with GIS tools and classified according to severity. After calculating the physiological density, the degradation coefficient was calculated in each of the pixels and was classified into 6 classes and 3 categories based on fuzzy theory. Then all networks are compared in terms of severity and extent of degradation and the whole region was divided into three zones: prone to further development, in need of reconstruction and in need of protective measures.Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that in terms of land quality, 27.83% of the region is in the category of prone to further development (second categories), 35.22% in the requires reconstruction categories, 29.31% in the categories requires protective measures 64.7% are in the floor in need of protection measures (first categories).
منابع و مأخذ:
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Danehkar, A., Jafari, Sh. 2017. Degradation assessment of Jajrood protected area using landscape degradation model. RS & GIS for Natural Resources. 8 (2): 17- 32. (In Persian)
Jafari, A., Yarali, N., Azadegan Dehkordi, S. 2014. Assessing the effects of development on the environment of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and determining the priority of villages for development using the degradation model. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement. 13 (2014): 107- 118. (In Persian)
Makhdoum, M. 1993. Environment and East Azerbaijan. Proceedings of the Development Seminar and East Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan Governorate. (In Persian)
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Oghnoum, M., Feghhi, J., Makhdoum, M., Jabarian Amiri, B. 2015. Environmental Impact Assessment of Forestry Plan Using degradation Model (Case Study: Patem-Khairud Forest Section). Environmental researches. 5 (10): 15- 26. (In Persian)
Yar Ali, N., Mafi gholami, D., Jafari, A., Seifollahi, M. 2013. Assessing the environmental effects of development on the Zayandehrud watershed using the degradation model. Third Environmental Planning and Management Conference. Tehran. University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Jahani, A., Feghhi, J., Makhdoum, M. F., Omid, M. 2016. Optimized forest degradation model (OFDM): an environmental decision support system for environmental impact assessment using an artificial neural network. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 59 (2): 222- 244.
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Shir Mohammadi, A., Jahani, A., Aetamad, V., Zargham, N., Makhdoum, M. 2016. Assessing the environmental impact of development on the vulture protected area using the degradation Environmental researches. 7 (14): 91- 102. (In Persian)
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Turner, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Matson, P. A., McCarthy, J. J., Corell, R. W., Christensen, L., Polsky, C., 2003. A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. 100 (14): 8074- 8079.
Jabarian Amiri, B. 1999. Assessing the environmental effects of Amirkabir hydroelectric dam on the environment by using the environmental degradation model. Iranian Journal of Energy. 3 (5): 17- 27. (In Persian)
_||_
Le Saout, S., Hoffmann, M., Shi, Y., Hughes, A., Bernard, C., Brooks, T. M., Rodrigues, A. S. 2013. Protected areas and effective biodiversity conservation. Science. 342 (6160): 803-805.
MadJnoonian, H. 2014. Protected Areas (Vol. I) Principles and Measures for the Protection of Parks and Areas in Iran and the World. De Negar Publications. First Edition. (In Persian)
Bligin, A. 2015. Analysis of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive and the EIA decision in Turkey. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 53 (2015): 40–51.
Farhadian, M., Kiani, V. 2014. Assessment of environmental, social and economic effects by rapid matrix method with emphasis on water resources management (Case study: Green Nahavand Dam). International Quarterly Journal of Water Resources Analysis and Development. 2 (1): 109- 118. (In Persian)
Yadollahi Saber, R., Ghafariyan bahraman, M., Alizadeh, M., Khatibizadeh, M. Environmental Impact Assessment of Tehran Iran Khodro Factory (EIA). Environmental Science and Technology. 21 (7): 124- 135. (In Persian)
Morrison- Saunders, A., Retief, F. 2012. Walking the sustainability assessment talk - Progressing the practice of environmental impact assessment (EIA). Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 36 (2012): 34- 41.
Dashti, S., Sabzghabaei, Gh., Jafarzadeh, K., Bazmara Baleshti, M. 2016. The Role of Landscape Ecology Spatial Structure Analysis in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (Case Study: Miankaleh International Wetland). Environmental Science and Technology. 22 (2): 93- 105. (In Persian)
Danehkar, A., Jafari, Sh. 2017. Degradation assessment of Jajrood protected area using landscape degradation model. RS & GIS for Natural Resources. 8 (2): 17- 32. (In Persian)
Jafari, A., Yarali, N., Azadegan Dehkordi, S. 2014. Assessing the effects of development on the environment of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and determining the priority of villages for development using the degradation model. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement. 13 (2014): 107- 118. (In Persian)
Makhdoum, M. 1993. Environment and East Azerbaijan. Proceedings of the Development Seminar and East Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan Governorate. (In Persian)
Makhdoum, M., Mansouri, M. 1999. Investigation and recognition of the effects of development on the environment of Hormozgan province by the degradation model method. Journal of Environmental Studies. 23: 49- 56. (In Persian)
Chamani, A., Makhdoum, M., Jafari, M., Khorasani, N., Cheraghi, M. 2005. Evaluation of development effects on the environment of Hamedan province using degradation model. Journal of Environmental Studies. 37: 35- 44. (In Persian)
Jafari, H. R. 2001. Systematic application of degradation model in evaluating the effects of development on the watershed of Latian Dam. Journal of Environmental Studies. 27: 109- 120. (In Persian)
Sepehr, H., Makhdoum, M., Faryadi, Sh., Ramazani Mehraban, M. 2011. Assessment of land quality in protected areas using the degradation model (Case study: Turan protected area). Environmental researches. 6 (11). (In Persian)
Oghnoum, M., Feghhi, J., Makhdoum, M., Jabarian Amiri, B. 2015. Environmental Impact Assessment of Forestry Plan Using degradation Model (Case Study: Patem-Khairud Forest Section). Environmental researches. 5 (10): 15- 26. (In Persian)
Yar Ali, N., Mafi gholami, D., Jafari, A., Seifollahi, M. 2013. Assessing the environmental effects of development on the Zayandehrud watershed using the degradation model. Third Environmental Planning and Management Conference. Tehran. University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Jahani, A., Feghhi, J., Makhdoum, M. F., Omid, M. 2016. Optimized forest degradation model (OFDM): an environmental decision support system for environmental impact assessment using an artificial neural network. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 59 (2): 222- 244.
Report of Yazd Environment Department, 2019. (In Persian)
Detailed plan of Yazd city, architects and urban planners, summer 2017. (In Persian).
Rezazadeh, S., Jahani, A., Goshtasb Megooni, H., Makhdoum, M. 2019. Assessing the environmental effects of development in the Bashgol Protected Area using the Landscape degradation Environmental researches.19: 15- 26. (In Persian)
Shir Mohammadi, A., Jahani, A., Aetamad, V., Zargham, N., Makhdoum, M. 2016. Assessing the environmental impact of development on the vulture protected area using the degradation Environmental researches. 7 (14): 91- 102. (In Persian)
Makhdoum, M. F. 2002. Degradation model: a quantitative EIA instrument, acting as a Decision Support System (DSS) for environmental management. Environmental management. 30 (1): 151-156.
Miler, J. T. 1998. Living in the environment (translated by Majid Makhduom). University of Tehran Publishers, 341 p. (In Persian)
Yar Ali, N., Soltani, A., Jafari, A., Mafi gholami, D., Mahmoudi, M. 2010. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on Oshtrankouh Protected Area using degradation Model. Environmental researches. 1 (1): 13- 22. (In Persian)
Statistical Center of Iran, 2016. (In Persian)
Turner, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Matson, P. A., McCarthy, J. J., Corell, R. W., Christensen, L., Polsky, C., 2003. A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. 100 (14): 8074- 8079.
Jabarian Amiri, B. 1999. Assessing the environmental effects of Amirkabir hydroelectric dam on the environment by using the environmental degradation model. Iranian Journal of Energy. 3 (5): 17- 27. (In Persian)
