Investigation of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead) in Chironomidae and Gammarus pulex Namrood River – Tehran Province
Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health RisksRezaei M. Kamali A. and Shapoori M. 1
1 -
Keywords: Cadmium, Lead, Gammarus pulex, Chironomidae, Namrood River,
Abstract :
Marine ecosystem pollution is one of the important problems of today environment. In this study the existence of heavy metal in the Namrood River, situated in Firoozkooh in Tehran province, Iran has been investigated. The Namrood River is located near Firoozkooh route, and is affected by pollutant from tourist centers, entertainment, gas stations, nearby villages’ sewage systems, farming effluent, and hatchery farms. In some areas, its water is heavily polluted possibly by heavy metals. After selecting two stations in upstream and downstream of the river, they were sampled three times in both cold and hot seasons of year (mid-March, and June) for Chironomidae, and Gammarus plux sediments. The measured heavy metals were cadmium and lead. The results showed that the concentration of cadmium in measured samples varied from 0.010-0.2033 ppm. The concentration of lead in samples varied from 0.11-2.16 ppm. The results also indicated that sediments of samples taken from the upper station in the cold season had a higher proportion of cadmium and a higher concentration of lead than sediments in the lower station during the hot season.
- Asgarisari, A Ã⺠2002. Comparison and measurement
- of lead and zinc concentration in sea and
- hatchery fish. Graduate thesis, Islamic Azad
- University, Faculty of Marine Science and
- Technologies. P. 71.
- Atefyekta, AÃ⺠2004. identification and estimation
- of Namrood River fish in upper region Trout
- hatchery of Tehran Ghezel by electro shock
- device. Under graduate thesis, Islamic Azad
- University, Tehran North branch. P.83.
- Boonstra, M., M. Asselman, P. Mass,Ã⺠R.A.
- Verweij, Ã⺠J.A.J Breeuwer, and M.H.S Kraak,
- Persistence of Chironomids in metal
- polluted environment .PROC.NETH .
- ENTOMOL. SOC. MEET. 9-15pp. Netherland.
- EPA, 2006. Environmental Protection Agency,
- Method for chemical analysis of water and
- wastes, Cincinnati , Ohio.
- Esmaeelisari, A., 2000. essentials of water quality
- management of hatcheries. Fishery Studies
- Institution. P. 73.
- Felten, V., G. Charmantier , R. Mons, A. Geffard,
- P. Rousselle, M. Coquery, J. Garric, and O.
- Geffard , 2007. Physiological and behavioural
- Responses of Gammarus Pulex(
- Crustacea:Amphiphoda)exposed to cadmium
- .Aquatic Toxicity journal. 413-425 pp. France.
- Ghafoori, SÃ⺠1997. the effects of pollutant on
- marine life in Chaloos River (emphasized on
- macrobenitoses). graduate thesis. Faculty of
- Marine Science and Technology. p. 105.
- Maccafferty, P. and A. Provonsha, 1981. Aqquati
- Entomology. The fishers and ecologysts
- illustrated guide to insect and their relatives.
- Jones and Bartlett publishers London. ISBN:0-
- -017-0.448p.
- Moopam., 1998. Manual of oceanographic
- observations and pollutant analysis methods.
- Pennak and W. Robert, 1978. fresh water
- invertebrates of united state. second edition.
- John Wiley & Sons. ISBN:0-471-04249-8.
- XVIII, 803pp.
- ROPME , 1989. Manual of Oceanographic
- Observations and Pollutant Analyses Methods,
- Regional organization for the protection of the
- marine environment.
- Soares, H.M.V.M., R. A. R. Boaventura, A. A. S.
- C. Machado, and J.C.G. Esteves da Silva, 1999.
- Sediments as monitors of heavy metal
- contamination in the Ave river
- basin(Portugal):multivariate analysis of
- data.Environmental pollution journal .311-
- pp. Portugal.
- Solaymani mokhtari, A., 1996. inspection of heavy
- material measurements in water and sediments
- of Sepidrood River. Graduate thesis. Islamic
- Azad University, North branchof Tehran P. 83.
- Woitke, P. D. Wellmitz, D. Kube, P. Lepom and P.
- Litheraty, 2003. Analysis and assessment of
- heavy metal pollution in suspended and
- sediments of the river Danube. CHEMOSPHER
- Journal.633-642pp.Germany