بررسی جذب و کارآیی مصرف نور در کشت مخلوط ارزن معمولی و سویا تحت تنش کمبود آب

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

سمیه حاجی نیا ¹ , گودرز احمدوند ²

1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
2 - دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/08/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/11/30 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/12/01

کلید واژه: کشت مخلوط, تنش کمبود آب, سطح برگ, ماده خشک, جذب نور,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش کمبود آب بر سطح برگ، کارآیی مصرف نور و ماده خشک سویا (Glycine max L.) و ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.) در کشت مخلوط، آزمایشی در سال 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی ‌سینای همدان به صـورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تنش کمبود آب در سه سطح (آبیاری پس از 60، 90 و 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر آب از تشتک تبخیر) به عنوان عامل اصلی و الگوی کاشت جایگزینی در پنج سطح (تک‌کشتی سویا (100S)، تک‌کشتی ارزن (100M)، کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 33 درصد سویا+ 67 درصد ارزن (33S:67M)، 50 درصد سویا+ 50 درصد ارزن (50S:50M) و 67 درصد سویا+ 33 درصد ارزن (67S:33M) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ سویا و ارزن به ترتیب به میزان 68/5 و 23/3 در تک‌کشتی آنها به‌دست آمد. تنش شدید کمبود آب شاخص سطح برگ سویا و ارزن را به ترتیب 03/33 و 33/33 درصد نسبت به عدم تنش کاهش داد. بالاترین ماده خشک در تک‌کشتی سویا و ارزن به ترتیب به مقدار 613 و 540 گرم بر مترمربع، حاصل شد. تنش شدید کمبود آب ماده خشک سویا و ارزن را به ترتیب 87/39 و 56/31 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. کارآیی مصرف نور ارزن در الگوهای کشت مخلوط (33S:67M)، (50S:50M) و (67S:33M) به ترتیب 85/24، 86/29 و 76/26 درصد بیشتر از کشت خالص ارزن بود. در حالی که، کارآیی مصرف نور سویا در کشت مخلوط کاهش یافت و میانگین آن در طول فصل رشد از 97/0 گرم بر مگاژول در نسبت (33S:67M) تا 77/1 گرم بر مگاژول در تیمار کشت خالص سویا متغیر بود. نتایج نشان داد تنش کمبود آب تأثیر منفی بر کارآیی مصرف نور ارزن و سویا داشت

چکیده انگلیسی:

To study the effect of water deficit stress on leaf area, radiation use efficiency and dry matter production of soybean and millet in intercropping, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out, in 2015 at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University. The main factor consisted of three levels of water deficit stresses (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from pan) and sub factor of five replacement intercropping treatments sol cropping of soybean (100S), sol cropping of millet (100M), 67 % S+ 33 % M (67S:33M), 50 % S+ 50 % M (50S:50M) and 33 % S+ 67 % M (33S:67M). The results showed that the highest leaf area index of soybean and millet in sol cropping were 5.68 and 3.23 respectively. Severe water deficit stress significantly decreased leaf area index of soybean and millet by about 30.03 and 30.33 percent, respectively, as compared to well-watered condition. The highest dry matter (613 and 540 g.m-2) belonged to sol cropping of soybean and millet, respectively. Severe water deficit stress reduced dry matter of soybean and millet by 39.87 and 31.556 percent respectively as compared to the control. Radiation use efficiency of millet in (33S:67M), (50S:50M) and (67S:33M) intercropping ratios were 24.85, 29.86 and 26.76 percent more than sol cropping of millet, respectively. Radiation use efficiency of soybean reduced in the intercropping. Mean radiation use efficiency of soybean in growing season ranged from 0.97 g.mj-1 in the (33S:67M) ratio to 1.77 g.mj-1 in the sol cropping of soybean. The results showed a negative effect of water deficit stress on radiation use efficiency of both millet and soybean.

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