اثر محلـول پاشی اسید هیـومیک، آهن و روی بر برخی ویژگی های گیـاه روغنی دان سیاه (Guizotia abyssinica L )
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
1 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد روغن, شاخص برداشت, کود زیستی, دان سیاه, عناصر پر و کم مصرف,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از نیازهای مهم در برنامه‌ریزی زراعی ارزیابی سیستم‌های مختلف تغذیه‌ای گیاه است. با اعمال روش صحیح تغذیه گیاه می‌توان ضمن حفظ محیط زیست، کارایی نهاده‌ها را نیز افــزایش داد. به منظور بررسی اثر محلول پاشی کودهای آلی و ریز مغذی بر برخی خصوصیات گیاه روغنی دان سیاه، آزمایشی به صورت بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهرکرد در سال زراعی 93-1392 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف کود)، سه سطح اسید هیومیک (1، 3 و 6 لیتر در هکتار)، آهن (4 در هزار) و روی (4 در هزار) بودند. در این آزمایش صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد شاخه فرعی، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت و درصد و عملکرد روغن و پروتئین مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد محلول پاشی این مواد افزایش معنی دار کلیه صفات مورد بررسی را در پی داشت. عملکرد روغن با افزایش 63 و 53 درصدی به ترتیب با کاربرد 6 لیتر اسید هیومیک و روی نسبت به کاربرد 1 لیتر در هکتار مشاهده شد که برآیند افزایش عملکرد و افزایش درصد روغن می‌باشد. ضمناً بیشترین درصد پروتئین در تیمار ٦ لیتر در هکتار مشاهده گردید. بیشترین پاسخ صفات ابتدا به کاربرد 6 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و سپس با محلول پاشی روی حاصل شد که بیانگر محدودیت جذب و احتمالاً کمبود این عناصر در خاک مورد آزمایش است.
One of the most important needs in farm planning is the evaluation of different systems of plant nutrition. By supplying the correct way of plant nutrition you can preserve the environment and increase efficiency of agricultural inputs. In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of organic fertilizers and micronutrients on some characteristics of neger, a field experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Shahrekord University in 2013-2014. Treatments consisted of control, three levels of humic acid (1, 3, and 6 liters/ha of humic acid, iron (4 per thousand), and zinc (4 per thousand). In this experiment traits like plant height, stem diameter, stem branch number, biological yield, seed yield, harvest index, and percent and oil yield were evaluated. The results showed that foliar application of these materials resulted in significant increase in the traits under study. Oil yield increased by 63 and 53 percent with the use of 6 liters humic acid and zinc respectively, as compared to the use of 1 liter per hectare. This may be the outcome of increased in oil yield and protein content. Meanwhile, the highest percentage of protein observed for tratment of 6 liters per hectare. The highest response of traits firstly obtained by use of 6 liters per hectare humic acid and then from spraying plants with the zinc which shows its limited absorption and/or probably the lack of this element in the soil where the experiment was conducted.
Amerioun, F., M. Amerian, H. Asghari, and M. Rahimi. 2013. Effect of humic acid and urea on two varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annus) yield. First National Conference Planning, Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development. February, Hamedan, Community Environmental Assessment Hegmataneh. (In Persian).
Ayas, H., and F. Gulser. 2005. The effect of sulfur and humic acid on yield components and macronutrient contents of spinach. Journal Biology Science. 5(6):801-804.
Bahrani, A. 2015. Effect of some micro and macro nutrients on seed yield and oil content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). International Journal of Chemical Environmental and Biological Sciences. 3(1): 71-74.
Bahrani, A.M., and A. Pourreza. 2014. Effects of micronutrients on seed yield and oil content of Brassica napus L. c.v. Talaeh. Botany. 43(2): 231-233.
Dursun A., I. Guvenc, and M. Turan. 2002. Effects of different levels of humic acid on seedling growth and macro and micronutrient contents of tomato and eggplant. Acta Agrobotanica. 56: 81-88.
Ebrahimian, E., and A. Bybordi. 2001. Effect of iron foliar fertilization on growth, seed and oil yield of sunflower grown under different irrigation regimes. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 9(5): 621-627.
El-Bassiony, A.M., Z.F. Fawzy; M.M.H. Abd El-Baky, and A.R. Mahmoud. 2010. Response of snap bean plants to mineral fertilizers and humic acid application. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 6(2): 169-175.
EneJi, A.E., R. An, P. Islam, and U.C. Amalu. 2013. Nitrate retention and physiological adjustment of maize to soil amendment with superabsorbent polymers. Cleaner Production. 18: 1-7.
Estiri, H., M. Armin, and A. Filehkesh. 2014. Effect of foliar application of different levels of zinc sulfate on the yield and components yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress. Journal of Oilseed Plants. 1(1): 65-76. (In Persian).
Getinet, A., and S.M. Sharma. 1996. Niger Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) cass. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. 59 p.
Giasuddin, A.B.M., S. Kanel, and H. Choi. 2007. Adsorption of humic acid onto nanoscale zerovalent iron and its effect on arsenic removal. Environment Science Technology. 41(6): 2022–2027
Kafi, M., A. Borzooei, M. Salehi, A. Kamandi, A. Maassoumi, and M. Nabati. 2009. Plant environmental stress physiology. Mashhad University Jihad Press. 502 p. (In Persian).
Malakooti, M.J., and M.N. Gheibi. 2000. Determining critical levels of effective nutrients in soil. Plant and Fruits. Publication of Amoozesh-e-Keshavarzi. Pp: 92. (In Persian).
Malakooti, M.J., and M.H. Tehrani. 1998. The role of micronutrients in enhancing the performance and improve the quality of agricultural products. Publication of Tarbiat Modarres. (In Persian).
Mariotti, M., L. Ercoli, and A. Masoni. 1996. Spectral properties of iron deficient corn and sunflower leaves. Remote Sensing of Environment. 58(3): 282-288.
Moraditochaee, M. 2012. Effects of humic acid foliar spraying and nitrogen fertilizer management on yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Iran. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 7(4): 289-293.
Nardi, S., D. Pizzeghello, A. Muscolo, and A.Vianello. 2002. Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biological and Biochemistry. 34:1527–1536.
Pourgholam, M., N. Nemati, and M. Oveysi. 2013. Effect of zinc and iron under the influence of drought on prolin, protein and nitrogen leaf of rapeseed (Brassica napus). Annals of Biological Research. 4(7): 200-203. (In Persian).
Rahimi, M.M., and D. Mazaheri. 2004. Effects of micronutrient of iron and zinc on the yield and components yield second cultivation at two different varieties of sunflower in Arsanjan region. Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi in Agronomy and Horticulture. 64: 16-21. (In Persian).
Rajaie, M., and A.H. Ziaeyan. 2009. Combined effect of zinc and boron on yield and nutrients accumulation in corn. International Journal of Plant Production. 3(3): 35-440.
Rajpar, I., M.B. Bhatti, Z. Ul-hassan, A.N. Shah, and S.D. Tunio. 2011. Humic acid improves growth, yield and oil content of Brassica compestris L. Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Science. 27(2): 125-133.
Ravi, S., H.T. Channal, N.S. Hebsur, B.N. Patil, and P.R. Dharmatti. 2008. Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tincturious). Application of humic substances results in consistent increases in crop yield and nutrient uptake. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 32: 1407-1426.
Salwa A. 2011. Effect of amendments humic and amino acids on increases soils fertility yields and seeds quality of peanut and sesame on sandy sandy soils. Agriculture and Biological Science. 7(1): 115-125.
Samavat, S., and M. Malakoti. 2005. The necessity of using organic acids (humic and folic) to increase the quantity and quality of agricultural products. Journal of Soil and Water Research. 463: 1-13.
Verlinden, G., B. Pycke, J. Mertens, F. Debersaques, K. Verheyen, G. Baert, J. Bries, and G. Haesaert. 2009. Application of humic substances results in consistent increases in crop yield and nutrient uptake. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 32: 1407-1426.
Wang, H., and J.Y. Jin. 2007. Effects of zinc deficiency and drought on plant growth and metabolism of reactive oxygen species in maize (Zea mays L.). Agricultural Sciences in China. 6(8): 988-995.