تاثیر غلظت‌های نمک طعام بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک سه گونه سالیکورنیا (Salicornia spp.) در شرایط کشت بدون خاک
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
بهروز طیبی
1
,
احمد قنبری
2
1 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
2 - استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/11/28
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/01/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/04/01
کلید واژه:
پتانسیل اسمزی,
پرولین,
کلروفیل,
محتوی نسبی آب,
کربوهیدرات‌ها,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور مقایسه پاسخ های مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک سه گونه سالیکورنیا به غلظت های کلرید سدیم، آزمایشی به صورت گلخانه ای انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل پنج غلظت نمک کلرید سدیم (5، 100، 200، 400 و 600 میلی مول بر لیتر) و سه گونه سالیکورنیا (Salicornia persica، S. perspolitanaوS. bigelovii) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات ساده شوری و گونه بر صفات پرولین، گلیسین بتائین، کربوهیدرات ها، کلروفیل a وb، محتوای نسبی آب، پتـانسیل اسمزی در شـاخسار، وزن خشک و وزن تر معنی دار بودند. همچنین، برهمکنش شوری و گونه بر صفات پرولین، گلیسین بتائین، کربوهیدرات ها، کلروفیل a وb، پتانسیل اسمزی شاخسار، وزن خشک و وزن تر معنی دار معنی دار شد. غلظت کربوهیدرات ها تا 400 میلی مول 70 تا 80 درصد افزایش و در 600 میلی مول بین 5 % تا 13% کاهش یافت. افزایش غلظت نمک تا 600 میلی مول باعث افزایش غلظت پرولین و گلیسین بتائین شد. پتانسیل اسمزی نیز با افزایش سطوح شوری از 3 تا 4 برابر منفی‌تر شد. محتوای کلروفیل های a و b تا 600 میلی مول کاهش یافتند. همچنین، در غلظت 200 میلی مول نمک در هر 3 گونه، وزن تر و وزن خشک به طور معنی دار، 2 تا 3 برابر نسبت به شاهد افزایش و در 600 میلی مول نمک وزن تر و وزن خشک حدود 60% تا 65% کاهش پیدا کردند. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت نمک در محیط ریشه، هر سه گونه با تجمع پرولین و گلیسین بتائین و از طریق کاهش پتانسیل اسمزی، در غلظت های بالای نمک زنده ماندند. گونه S. bigelovii در 600 میلی مول نمک بیشترین تجمع سدیم و کمترین تجمع عناصر پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم را داشت. از طرف دیگر گونه S. perspolitana در 600 میلی مول نمک بیشترین تجمع عناصر پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم را داشته و از نظر تجمع اسمولیت ها در سطوح شوری نسبت به سایر گونه ها برتری نشان داد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
To compare morphological and physiological responses of three salicornia species to NaCl concentrations, a greenhouse experiment was carried out. The factors consisted of five levels of NaCl concentrations (5, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mML-1) and three Salicornia species (Salicornia persica ، Salicornia perspolitana and Salicornia bigelovii ). The results showed that, simple effects of salinity and species on proline, glycinebethein, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, relative water content, osmotic potential in shoots, dry and fresh weights were significant. Interaction effects between salinity and species on proline, glycine betaine, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, osmotic potential in shoots, dry and fresh weight were also significant. Carbohydrates concentration increased by 70-80% at 400 mM and then decreased from 5% to 13% at 600 mM concentration. Increasing salt concentration up to 600 mM, increased proline and glycine betaine contents. Osmotic potential was also increased by 3 to 4 times with increasing salinity levels. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents decreased at 600 mM. At 200 mM NaCl concentration, wet and dry weights were significantly increased 2 to 3 times as compared control in all of three species while at 600 mM, it was decreased by 60% to 65%. It can be concluded that with increasing salt concentration all three species tolerated higher salt concentrations throught proline and glycine-betaine accumulation and reduction of osmotic potential. S.bigelovii had the highest Na+ accumulation at 600 mM of NaCl and least accumulation of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. On the other hand, S.perspolitana at 600 mM NaCl concentration, had the highest accumulation of potassium, calcium and magnesium, and was superior to other species in terms of dry weight yield under salinity.
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