شاخص‌های تحمل تنش خشکی در ارقام جدید کلزا (.Brassica napus L) در شرایط کاشت تأخیری
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیعلیاکبر شفیقی 1 , محمدرضا اردکانی 2 , امیرحسین شیرانی‌راد 3 , مجتبی علوی فاضل 4 , فرناز رفیعی 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
3 - استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی کرج، ایران
4 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
5 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, عملکرد دانه, هیبرید, تاریخ کاشت, دانه روغنی,
چکیده مقاله :
محدودیت منابع آبی در مرحله پایانی فصل رشد گیاه کلزا یکی از مشکلات مهم تولید و توسعه این گیاه در مناطق نیمه خشک ایران می باشد. از این رو معرفی رقم متحمل و سازگار با این شرایط برای توسعه کشت این گیاه حایز اهمیت است. بنابراین، به منظور شناسایی و معرفی رقم مناسب کلزا در شرایط کشت تأخیری آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج در دو سال زراعی 95-1394 و 96-1395 اجرا شد. تیمار تاریخ کاشت در دو تاریخ 15 مهر (رایج) و 15 آبان (کشت تأخیری) در کرت های اصلی و ارقام کلزا شامل ES Hydromel،ES Alonso، ES Darko، ES Lauren و Ahmadi در کرت های فرعی در قرار داده شدند. به منظور معرفی رقم متحمل به تنش خشکی با استفاده از شاخص های تحمل تنش خشکی کرت های آزمایشی در دو شرایط آبیاری معمول (شاهد) و قطع آبیاری از مرحله گلدهی به بعد (تنش خشکی) قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه مرکب داده ها نشان داد که کشت تأخیری باعث کاهش معنی‌دار درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن دانه کلزا شد. بیشترین میزان درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن به ترتیب با 61/41 درصد و 08/1381 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم ES Hydromel بود. همچنین، بر اساس شاخص های برگزیده این پژوهش شامل شاخص تحمل تنش، میانگین هندسی بهره وری و میانگین بهره وری، متحمل ترین رقم در هر دو شرایط کشت نرمال و کشت تأخیری، رقمES Hydromel و حساس ترین رقم در شرایط کشت نرمال ES Lauren و در شرایط کشت تأخیری رقم ES Darko بودند. نتایج تجزیه کلاستر نیز در تأیید این نتیجه منجر به تشکیل دو خوشه گردید که ارقام ES Darko، Ahmadi و ES Lauren در خوشه حساس و ارقام ES Hydromel و ES Alonso در خوشه متحمل قرار گرفتند.
Water resource limitation in the end of growth season of rapeseed crop is one of the main problems for production and development of this crop in semi-arid regions of Iran. Therefore, introduction of compatible and tolerate cultivar to this condition is crucial for growth expansion of rapeseed. To identify and introduce suitable rapeseed cultivar for delayed planting, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute of Karaj, Iran was conducted in 2015-16 and 2016-17. In this study, sowing dates were October 7 (normal) and November 6 (delayed planting) asseinged to the main plots, and rapeseed cultivars including ES Hydromel, ES Alonso, ES Darko, ES Lauren and Ahmadi to the sub-plots. To introduce of tolerate cultivar to drought tolerance indices, experimental plots were subjected to two common irrigation conditions (control) and irrigation interruption from the flowering stage onwards (drought stress). Combined analysis of data indicated that delayed planting significantly reduced rapeseed oil percentage and oil yield. According to the results ES Hydromel cultivar produced the highest oil percentage (41.61%) and oil yield (1381.08 kg.ha-1). Based on the selected indices of this study, including geometric mean productivity, stress tolerance index, and mean productivity, the most tolerant cultivar under both normal and delayed planting was ES Hydromel and the least tolerant cultivar under normal conditions was ES Lauren and under stress conditions was ES Darko. The results of cluster analysis also confirmed the formation of two clusters, ES Darko, Ahmadi and ES Lauren in belonged to sensitive cluster and ES Hydromel and ES Alonso to the tolerant cluster.
· Aktas, H. 2016. Drought tolerance indices of selected landraces and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes derived from synthetic wheats. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 14(4): 177-189.
· Bihamta, M.R., M. Shirkavand, J. Hasanpour, and A. Afzalifar. 2018. Evaluation of durum wheat genotypes under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Breeding. 9(24): 119-138. (In Persian).
· Bouslama, M., and W.T. Schapaugh. 1984. Stress tolerance in soybean. Part 1: Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance. Crop Science. 24: 933-937.
· De Martonne, E. 1926. Aerisme, et índices d’aridite. Comptesrendus de L’Academie des Sciences. 182: 1395-1398
· Ebrahimiyan, M., M.M. Majidi, A. Mirlohi, and A. Noroozi. 2013. Physiological traits related to drought tolerance in tall fescue. Euphytica. 190(3): 401-414.
· Fernandez, G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biology of Plants. Kuo, C.G. (ed.). pp: 158-1249. American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, MD.
· Gavuzzi, P., F. Rizza, M. Palumbo, R.G. Campaline, G.L. Ricciardi, and B. Borghi. 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 77(4): 523-531.
· Jamshidi, N., A.H. Shirani Rad, F. Takht chin, P. Nazeri, and M. Ghafari. 2012. Evaluation of rapeseed genotypes under drought stress condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(3): 323- 338. (In Persian).
· Khalili, M., M.R. Naghavi, A.R. Pour Aboughadareh, and S.J. Talebzadeh .2012. Evaluating of drought stress tolerance based on selection indices in spring canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science. 4(11): 78-85.
· Laaniste, P., V. Eremeev, E. Maeorg, and J. Joudu. 2016. Effect of sowing date on oil, protein and glucosinolate concentration of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Agronomy Research. 14(SI2): 1384-1395.
· Majidi, M.M., M. Jafarzadeh Ghahdrijani, F. Rashidi, and A. Mirlohi. 2015. Identification of canola cultivars with drought tolerance indices. Iranian Journal Field Crop Science. 45(4): 565-573. (In Persian).
· Menezes, C.B., C.A. Ticona-Benavente, F.D. Tardin, M.J. Cardoso, E.A. Bastos, D.W. Nogueira, A.F. Portugal, C.V. Santos, and R.E. Schaffert. 2014. Selection indices to identify drought-tolerant grain sorghum cultivars. Genetics and Molecular Research. 13(4): 9817-9827.
· Mohammadi, M., M. Karimizadeh, and R. Abdipour. 2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance in bread wheat genotypes under dryland and supplemental irrigation conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Sciences. 5(4): 487-493.
· Monajem, S., V. Mohammadi, and A. Ahmadi. 2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance in some rapeseed cultivars based on stress evaluation indices. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 4(1): 151-169. (In Persian).
· Naeemi, M., Gh.A. Akbari, A.H. Shirani Rad, S.A.M. Modares Sanavi, S.A. Sadat Nuri, and H. Jabari. 2008. Evaluation of drought tolerance in different canola cultivars based on stress evaluation indices in terminal growth duration. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1(3): 83-98. (In Persian).
· Naghavi, M.R., A.P. Khalili, and M. Aboughadareh. 2015. Effect of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research. 7: 8-13.
· Ranjbar, G.H., and M.J. Rusta. 2011. The most effective stability index for selection of wheat genotypes under saline conditions. Soil Research Journal. 24(3): 283-290. (In Persian).
· Rezayian, M., V. Niknam, and H. Ebrahimzadeh. 2018. Effects of drought stress on the seedling growth, development, and metabolic activity in different cultivars of canola. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 64(3): 360-369.
· Rosielle, A.A., and J. Hamblin. 1981. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environment. Crop Science. 21(6): 43-46.
· Rossell, J.B., and J.L.R. Pritchard. 1991. Analysis of oilseeds fats and fatty foods. Elsevier Science Publishers. USA. 545 pp.
· Rouhi, M., M. Banayan Aval, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2020. Qualitative changes and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in drought stress in late season. Jornal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(4): 499-516. (In Persian).
· Salehi, M., and S.A. Mosavat. 2009. Selection criteria of wheat genotypes under salt stress in Golestan province. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1(4): 19-33. (In Persian).
· Shahverdikandi, M., A. Tobeh, S. Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz, and Z. Rastegar. 2011. The study of germination index of canola cultivars for drought resistance. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 2(3): 89-95.
· Shirani Rad, A.H., and A. Abbasian. 2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance in rapeseed genotypes under non-stress and drought stress conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 39(2):164-171.
· Shirani Rad, A.H., Z. Bitarafan, F. Rahmani, T. Taherkhani, A. Moradi Aghdam, and S. Nasresfahani. 2014. Effect of planting date on spring rapeseed (Brassica napuse L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 19(2): 153-157.
· Talebi, R., F. Fayaz, and A.M. Naji. 2009. Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). General and Applied Plant Physiology. 35: 64-74.
· Turhan, H., M.K. Gul, C.O. Egesel, and F. Kahriman. 2011. Effect of sowing time on grain yield, oil content, and fatty acids in rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 35(3): 225-234.
· Valipour Dastenaei, M., A.H. Shirani Rad, S.A. Valadabadi, S. Seifzadeh, and H.R. Zakerin. 2020. Effect of winter planting date on qualitative traits and yield of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars by using zinc spray in Karaj redion. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(4): 589-603. (In Persian).
· Youssefi, A. 2017. Assessing indices of drought resistance in three species of canola under restricted irrigation. Environmental Stresses in Crop Science. 10(2): 257-267. (In Persian).
Zhang, X., G. Lu, W. Long, X. Zou, F. Li, and T. Nishio. 2014. Recent progress in drought and salt tolerance studies in Brassica crops. Breeding Science. 64(1): 60-73.
· Aktas, H. 2016. Drought tolerance indices of selected landraces and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes derived from synthetic wheats. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 14(4): 177-189.
· Bihamta, M.R., M. Shirkavand, J. Hasanpour, and A. Afzalifar. 2018. Evaluation of durum wheat genotypes under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Breeding. 9(24): 119-138. (In Persian).
· Bouslama, M., and W.T. Schapaugh. 1984. Stress tolerance in soybean. Part 1: Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance. Crop Science. 24: 933-937.
· De Martonne, E. 1926. Aerisme, et índices d’aridite. Comptesrendus de L’Academie des Sciences. 182: 1395-1398
· Ebrahimiyan, M., M.M. Majidi, A. Mirlohi, and A. Noroozi. 2013. Physiological traits related to drought tolerance in tall fescue. Euphytica. 190(3): 401-414.
· Fernandez, G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biology of Plants. Kuo, C.G. (ed.). pp: 158-1249. American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, MD.
· Gavuzzi, P., F. Rizza, M. Palumbo, R.G. Campaline, G.L. Ricciardi, and B. Borghi. 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 77(4): 523-531.
· Jamshidi, N., A.H. Shirani Rad, F. Takht chin, P. Nazeri, and M. Ghafari. 2012. Evaluation of rapeseed genotypes under drought stress condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(3): 323- 338. (In Persian).
· Khalili, M., M.R. Naghavi, A.R. Pour Aboughadareh, and S.J. Talebzadeh .2012. Evaluating of drought stress tolerance based on selection indices in spring canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science. 4(11): 78-85.
· Laaniste, P., V. Eremeev, E. Maeorg, and J. Joudu. 2016. Effect of sowing date on oil, protein and glucosinolate concentration of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Agronomy Research. 14(SI2): 1384-1395.
· Majidi, M.M., M. Jafarzadeh Ghahdrijani, F. Rashidi, and A. Mirlohi. 2015. Identification of canola cultivars with drought tolerance indices. Iranian Journal Field Crop Science. 45(4): 565-573. (In Persian).
· Menezes, C.B., C.A. Ticona-Benavente, F.D. Tardin, M.J. Cardoso, E.A. Bastos, D.W. Nogueira, A.F. Portugal, C.V. Santos, and R.E. Schaffert. 2014. Selection indices to identify drought-tolerant grain sorghum cultivars. Genetics and Molecular Research. 13(4): 9817-9827.
· Mohammadi, M., M. Karimizadeh, and R. Abdipour. 2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance in bread wheat genotypes under dryland and supplemental irrigation conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Sciences. 5(4): 487-493.
· Monajem, S., V. Mohammadi, and A. Ahmadi. 2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance in some rapeseed cultivars based on stress evaluation indices. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 4(1): 151-169. (In Persian).
· Naeemi, M., Gh.A. Akbari, A.H. Shirani Rad, S.A.M. Modares Sanavi, S.A. Sadat Nuri, and H. Jabari. 2008. Evaluation of drought tolerance in different canola cultivars based on stress evaluation indices in terminal growth duration. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1(3): 83-98. (In Persian).
· Naghavi, M.R., A.P. Khalili, and M. Aboughadareh. 2015. Effect of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research. 7: 8-13.
· Ranjbar, G.H., and M.J. Rusta. 2011. The most effective stability index for selection of wheat genotypes under saline conditions. Soil Research Journal. 24(3): 283-290. (In Persian).
· Rezayian, M., V. Niknam, and H. Ebrahimzadeh. 2018. Effects of drought stress on the seedling growth, development, and metabolic activity in different cultivars of canola. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 64(3): 360-369.
· Rosielle, A.A., and J. Hamblin. 1981. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environment. Crop Science. 21(6): 43-46.
· Rossell, J.B., and J.L.R. Pritchard. 1991. Analysis of oilseeds fats and fatty foods. Elsevier Science Publishers. USA. 545 pp.
· Rouhi, M., M. Banayan Aval, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2020. Qualitative changes and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in drought stress in late season. Jornal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(4): 499-516. (In Persian).
· Salehi, M., and S.A. Mosavat. 2009. Selection criteria of wheat genotypes under salt stress in Golestan province. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1(4): 19-33. (In Persian).
· Shahverdikandi, M., A. Tobeh, S. Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz, and Z. Rastegar. 2011. The study of germination index of canola cultivars for drought resistance. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 2(3): 89-95.
· Shirani Rad, A.H., and A. Abbasian. 2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance in rapeseed genotypes under non-stress and drought stress conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 39(2):164-171.
· Shirani Rad, A.H., Z. Bitarafan, F. Rahmani, T. Taherkhani, A. Moradi Aghdam, and S. Nasresfahani. 2014. Effect of planting date on spring rapeseed (Brassica napuse L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 19(2): 153-157.
· Talebi, R., F. Fayaz, and A.M. Naji. 2009. Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). General and Applied Plant Physiology. 35: 64-74.
· Turhan, H., M.K. Gul, C.O. Egesel, and F. Kahriman. 2011. Effect of sowing time on grain yield, oil content, and fatty acids in rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 35(3): 225-234.
· Valipour Dastenaei, M., A.H. Shirani Rad, S.A. Valadabadi, S. Seifzadeh, and H.R. Zakerin. 2020. Effect of winter planting date on qualitative traits and yield of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars by using zinc spray in Karaj redion. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(4): 589-603. (In Persian).
· Youssefi, A. 2017. Assessing indices of drought resistance in three species of canola under restricted irrigation. Environmental Stresses in Crop Science. 10(2): 257-267. (In Persian).
Zhang, X., G. Lu, W. Long, X. Zou, F. Li, and T. Nishio. 2014. Recent progress in drought and salt tolerance studies in Brassica crops. Breeding Science. 64(1): 60-73.