اثر نانوکودهای نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم بر رشد و عملکرد دو رقم برنج (.Oryza sativa L)

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

سیدتقی ساداتی ولوجائی ¹ , یوسف نیک‌نژاد ² , هرمز فلاح ³ , داوود براری تاری ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد آیت‌اله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد آیت‌اله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد آیت‌اله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد آیت‌اله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/10/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/07/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/01/01

کلید واژه: صفات مورفولوژیک, اجزای عملکرد, برنج, نانوکود, کود رایج,

چکیده مقاله :

مصرف بهینه کود در افزایش عملکرد برنج و سایر محصولات زراعی نقش کلیدی دارد. استفاده از نانوکودها می تواند گامی مؤثر در مصرف بهینه کود در سیستم های زراعی و دست یابی به کشاورزی پایدار باشد. اثر محلول‌پاشی نانوکودها و مقایسه آنها با کودهای شیمیایی رایج N.P.K بر صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج در دو سال زراعی 1395 و 1396 در شهرستان ساری، استان مازندران بررسی شد. آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل دو رقم برنج (طارم محلی و شیرودی) و عامل فرعی تیمار کودی در 10 سطح شامل شاهد (بدون مصرف کود)، کودهای رایج نیتروژن (N)، فسفر (P)، پتاسیم (K) و کود کامل (NPK) و نانو کودهای: نیتروژن (Nano-N حاوی 17 درصد کلات نیتروژن)، فسفر (Nano-P حاوی 17 درصد کلات فسفر)، پتاسیم (Nano-K حاوی 27 درصد کلات پتاسیم) و کود کامل (Nano-NPK) و همچنین کاربرد همزمان NPK و Nano-NPK (NPK+Nano-NPK) بودند. نتایج نشان داد در هر دو رقم مورد بررسی، استفاده از کودهای رایج و نانوکودها از جمله کاربرد NPK و Nano-NPK صفات رویشی و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج را افزایش دادند. در اکثر سطوح کودی (کودهای نیتروژن، پتاسیم و کود کامل) در رقم طارم محلی و فسفر، پتاسیم و کود کامل در رقم شیرودی) استفاده از نانوکود در مقایسه با مصرف کود رایج اثر بهتری داشته و عملکرد شلتوک را افزایش دادند، هرچند این افزایش فقط در کاربرد Nano-NPK نسبت به NPK معنی دار بوده و در رقم طارم محلی و شیرودی به ترتیب برابر 54/22 و 12/10 درصد بود. از آنجایی که کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی برای به دست آوردن عملکرد مناسب در گیاهان انکارناپذیر است، از این رو استفاده از نانوکودها به ویژه تیمار Nano-NPK می تواند راهکار مناسبی برای بهینه کردن مصرف کود در مزارع برنج باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Optimum use of fertilizer plays a key role in enhancing the yield of rice and other crops. The use of nano-fertilizers can be an effective strategy in optimizing fertilizer use in croping systems and achieving sustainable agriculture. This research was carried out to study the effect of nano-fertilizers spraying compared with common chemical N.P.K fertilizers use on morphological traits, yield and yield components of rice in Sari, Mazandaran province for two years (2016 and 2017). A split plot experiment, based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. The main factors were two rice cultivars (Tarom and Shiroudi) and a sub plots including fertilizer treatments in 10 levels, consisting of control (without fertilizer), common fertilizers of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and NPK, and nano-fertilizers of nitrogen (Nano-N; chelated nitrogen 17%), phosphorus (Nano-P; chelated phosphorus 17%), potassium (Nano-K; chelated potassium 27%) and NPK (Nano-NPK), plus simultaneous application of NPK and Nano-NPK (NPK+Nano-NPK). The results showed that, use of conventional fertilizers and nano-fertilizers, including the use of NPK and Nano-NPK, increased the yield and yield components of both rice cultivars. Most of the fertilizer levels (N, K, NPK fertilizers in Tarom and P, K and NPK fertilizers in Shiroudi), the use of nano-fertilizers was more affective than conventional fertilizer and increased seed yield. Application of Nano-NPK increase yield of Tarom and Shirodi cultivars by 22.54% and 12.12%, respectively as compared to the use of NPK. Since the application of chemical fertilizers is indispensable for obtaining proper yield in plants, the use of nano-fertilizers, especially Nano-NPK treatments, can be a good strategy to optimize the use of fertilizers in rice fields.

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