تغییرات برخی از صفات بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیک جو در پاسخ به کاربرد بیوچار و متیل جاسمونات در شرایط تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
سجاد نصیری
1
,
بابک عندلیبی
2
,
افشین توکلی
3
,
محمدامیر دلاور
4
1 - دانش¬آموخته دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ايران
2 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ايران
3 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ايران
4 - استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ايران
کلید واژه: تعرق, تنش خشکی, فتوسنتز, کربوهیدرات محلول, محتوای نسبی آب,
چکیده مقاله :
این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف بیوچار معدنی و محلول پاشی متیل جاسمونات بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی جو بهاره تحت شدت های مختلف تنش خشکی به صورت گلخانه ای انجام شد. در این آزمایش سطوح تنش، شامل آبیاری کامل (شاهد)، تنش ملایم (60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و تنش شدید (30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی)، سطوح بیوچار شامل صفر (شاهد)، 1/5 درصد وزن خاک و 3 درصد وزن خاک و سطوح محلول پاشی متیل جاسمونات شامل صفر (شاهد)، 75 و 150 میکرومول بر لیتر بود. تنش خشکی هم در سطح ملایم و هم در سطح شدید باعث اختلاف معنی دار در صفات مورد مطالعه شد. اعمال تنش خشکی باعث کاهش سرعت فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه ای، کارایی مصرف آب فتوسنتزی، شاخص سبزینگی و همچنین افزایش غلظت مالون دی آلدئید، پرولین و کربوهیدرات محلول شد اما استفاده از سطوح مختلف بیوچار در خاک و همچنین محلول پاشی متیل جاسمونات باعث بهبود این شاخص ها و صفات شدند. همچنین، استفاده از سطوح بالاتر این مواد، در بعضی از صفات و شاخص ها، اثرات مثبت قابل توجهی ایجاد نکرد. به نظر می رسد که استفاده از این مواد ضد تنش، روشی مطلوب در جهت مقابله با تنش کمبود آب باشد اما استفاده از سطوح بالاتر از مطلوب باعث ایجاد اثرات منفی خواهد شد.
This experiment was conducted in order to investigation the effects of using different quantities of mineral biochar and spraying of methyl Jasmonate on some of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of spring barley under moderate and severe levels of drought stress at the experimental greenhouse of the university of Zanjan as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design in pots in five replications in 2019-2020. In this experiment levels of stress included in three levels of drought stress (100% FC as the none stressed, 60% FC as the mild stress and 30% FC as the severe stress), biochar application before cultivation in three levels (without biochar, 1.5 % and 3% of the soil weight) and foliar spraying of methyl Jasmonate in three levels (0, 75 and 150 μmol per liter). Results showed that drought both in moderate and in severe levels caused significant difference in studied factors. Drought led to reduction in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic water use efficiency, SPAD index as well as increasing in concentration of MDA, proline and soluble carbohydrate but using different levels of biochar in soil and spraying Methyl Jasmonate caused enhancement in these characteristics. Although using higher levels of these materials didn’t have considerable positive effects on studied factors. Moreover, application of higher levels of these materials, did not make considerable positive effects in some attributes and indexes. It seems that using these anti-stress substances, can be a stimulating approach against lack of water, however, utilization of higher levels can be more disastrous for crop plants.
• Abdelgawad, Z.A., A.A. Khalafaallah, and M.M. Abdallah. 2014. Impact of methyl jasmonate on antioxidant activity and some biochemical aspects of maize plant grown under water stress condition. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 5: 1077-1088.
• Andalibi, B., and F. Noori. 2014. Effect of cycocel on photosynthetic activity and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 6(22): 91-104. (In Persian).
• Andrade, A., M. Escalante, A. Vigliocco, M.D.C. Tordable, and S. Alemano. 2017. Involvement of jasmonates in responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings to moderate water stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 83: 501–511.
• Anonymus. 2021. Barley production quantity. 2021. https://knoema.com/atlas/Iran/ topics/Agriculture/Crops-Production-Quantity-tonnes/Barley-production
• Bates, L. 1973. Rapid determination of free Prolin for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39:205-207.
• Centritto, M., M. Lauteri, M.C. Monteverdi, and R. Serraj. 2009. Leaf gas exchange, carbon isotope discrimination, and grain yield in contrasting rice genotypes subjected to water deficits during the reproductive stage. Journal of Experimental Botany. 60: 2325–2339.
• Danish, S., M. Zafar-ul-hye, S. Fahad, S. Saud, M. Brtnicky, T. Hammerschmiedt, and R. Datta. 2020. Drought stress alleviation by ACC Deaminase producing achromobacter xylosoxidans and enterobacter cloacae, with and without timber waste biochar in maize. Journal of Sustainability. 12: 1-17.
• Dolatpanah, T., M. Roustaii, F. Ahakpaz, and N. Moheb Alipour. 2013. Effect of drought stress on grain yield and yield components of winter and facultative barley genotypes in maragheh region. Journal of Seed and Plant Improvement. 29(2): 257-275. (In Persian).
• Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita, and S.M. Basra. 2009. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29: 185-212
• Fateh, H., A. Siosemardeh, M. Karimpoor, and S. Sharifi. 2012. Effect of drought stress on photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of barley. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 1(2): 33-41
• Fugate, K.K., A.M. Lafta, D.J. Eide, G. Li, E.C. Lulai, L.L. Olson, E.L. Deckard, M.F.R. Khan, and L.F. Finger. 2018. Methyl jasmonate alleviates drought stress in young sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Journal of Plants. 204: 566-576.
• Gavili, E., S.A.A. Mousavi, and A.A. Kamgar Haghighi. 2016. Effect of Cattle manure biochar and drought stress on the growth characteristics and water use efficiency of Spinach under greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 30(2): 243-259. (In Persian).
• Gill, S.S., and N. Tuteja. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant PHysiology and Biochemistry. 48: 909-930.
• Guo, X.Y., X.S. Zhang, and Z.Y. Huang. 2010. Drought tolerance in three hybrid poplar clones submitted to different watering regimes. Journal of Plant Ecology. 3: 79–87.
• Hafez, Y., K. Attia, S. Alamery, A. AL-Doss, E. Ibrahim, E. Rashwan, L. El-Maghrraby, A. Awad, and K.H. Abdelaal. 2020. Beneficial efects of biochar and chitosan on antioxidative capacity, osmolytes accumulation, and anatomical characters of water-stressed barley plants. Journal of Agronomy. 10(630): 1-18.
• Hashem, A., A. Kumar, A.M. Al-Dbass, A.A. Alqarawi, A. Al-Arjani, G. Singh, M. Farooq, and E.F. Abd-Allah. 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar improves drought tolerance in chickpea. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 26: 614-624.
• Heath, R.L., and L. Packer. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 125: 189-198.
• Heydari, N., M. Pouryousef, and A. Tavakoli. 2014. Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis, its parameters and relative water content of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Biology. 27(5): 829-840. (In Persian).
• Inal, A., A. Gunes, O. Sahin, M.B. Taskin, and E.C. Kaya. 2019. Impacts of biochar and processed poultry manure, applied to a calcareous soil, on the growth of bean and maize. Soil Use Manage. 31: 106–113
• Jalalvand, A., B. Andalibi, A. Tavakoli, and P. Moradi. 2018. Evaluation the effects of cycocel and salicylic acid on some physiological characteristic and essential oil under normal and drought conditions in medical plant dragonhed (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of Plant Production. 24(4): 111-128. (In Persian).
• Kafi, M., A. Zand, B. Kamkar, A. Mahdavidamghani, and F. Abbasi. 2010. Plant physiology (Translation). Second Edition. Publication of Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad. 568p.
• Karve, P., S. Shackley, S. Carter, P. Anderson, R. Prabunhe, A. Cross, S. Haszeldine, S. Haefele, T. Knowles, J. Field, and P. Tanger. 2011. Biochar for carbon reduction, sustainable agriculture and soil management (biocharm). A Report for the APN (Asia Pacific Network for Climate Change Research).
• Keshavarznia, R., M. Shahbazi, V. Mohammadi, G. Hosseini Salekdeh, A. Ahmadi, and A. Mohseni Fard. 2015. The impact of barley root structure and physiological traits on drought response. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 45(4): 553-563. (In Persian).
• Ma, C., Z.Q. Wang, L.T. Zhang, M.M. Sun, and T.B. Lin. 2014. Photosynthetic responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to combined effects of drought and exogenous methyl jasmonate. Journal of Photosynthetica. 52(3): 377-385.
• Mohamed, H.I., and H.H. Latif. 2017. Improvement of drought tolerance of soybean plants by using methyl jasmonate. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 23(3): 545-556.
• Monajem, S., A. Ahmadi, and V. Mohammadi. 2011. Effect of drought stress on photosynthesis, partitioning of photo-assimilates and grain yield in Rapeseed cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 13(3): 533-547. (In Persian).
• Naderi Zarnagh, R., and R. Fotovat. 2017. Evaluation of drought tolerance of some winter wheat genotypes. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10: 945-958. (In Persian).
• Noman, A., Q. Ali, J. Naseem, M.T. Javed, H. Kanwal, W. Islam, M. Aqeel, N. Khalid, S. Zafar, and M. Tayyeb. 2018. Sugar beet extract acts as a natural bio-stimulant for physio-biochemical attributes in water stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta Physiolgy Plantarum. 40: 1-17.
• Rao, D.E., and K.V. Chaitanya. 2016. Photosynthesis and antioxidative defense mechanisms in deciphering drought stress tolerance of crop plants. Biologia Plantarum. 60 (2): 201–218.
• Ratnayaka, H.H., and D. Kincaid. 2005. Gas exchange and leaf ultrastructure of tinnevelly senna, Cassia angustifolia, under drought and nitrogen stress. Crop Science. 45: 840–7.
• Riemann, M., R. Dhakerey, M. Hazman, B. Miro, A. Hohli, and P. Nick. 2015. Exploring jasmonates in the hormonal network of drought and salinity responses. Frontiers in Plant Science. 6: 1-16.
• Rivelli, A.R., R.A. James, R. Munns, and A.G. Condon. 2002. Effects of salinity on water relations and growth of wheat genotypes with corresponding sodium uptake. Functional Plant Biology. 24:16-129.
• Roohi, E., Z. Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, S.A.M. Modarres-Sanavy, A. Siosemardeh. 2013. Comparative study on the effect of soil water stress on photosynthetic function of triticale, bread wheat, and barley. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 15: 215-228.
• Rouhi, A., and A. Siosemardeh. 2008. Study on gas exchange in different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under moisture stress conditions. Journal of Seed and Plant. 24 (1): 45 – 62. (In Persian).
• Sairam, R.K., and G.C. Srivastava. 2001. Water stress tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variations in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and antioxidant activity in tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 186: 63-70.
• Salimi, F., F. Shekari, and J. Hamzei. 2015. Effect of salinity stress and foliar application of methyl jasmonate on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and yield of German chamomile. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 12(2): 328-334. (In Persian).
• Sallam, A., A. Alqudah, M. Dawood, P. Baenziger, and A. Borner. 2019. Drought stress tolerance in wheat and barley. Advances in Physiology, Breeding and Genetics Research. 20(3137): 1-36.
• Sedighpour, O. 2018. Drought tolerance of cowpea enhanced by exogenous application of methyl jasmonate. Internatonal Journal of Modern Agriculture. 7(4): 59-51.
• Seo, J.S., J. Joo, M.J. Kim, Y.K. Kim, B.H. Nahm, S.I. Song, and Y.D. Choi. 2011. OsbHLH148, a basic helix-loop-helix protein, interacts with OsJAZ proteins in a jasmonate signaling pathway leading to drought tolerance in rice. The Plant Journal. 65: 907–921.
• Shadmand, H., and A. Afkari. 2018. The effect of superabsorbent polymer application on some biochemical traits and relative water content of bean cultivars under drought tension. Journal of Crop Physiology. 10(39): 61-77. (In Persian).
• Sharma, P., and R.S. Dubey. 2005. Drought induces oxidative stress and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Journal of Plant Growth Regualtion. 46: 209-221.
• Sheteiwy, M.S., D. Gonga, Y. Gaoa, R. Pana, J. Hua, and Y. Guana. 2018. Priming with methyl jasmonate alleviates polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress in rice seeds by regulating the seed metabolic profile. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 153: 236-248.
• Somogyi, M. 1952. Notes on sugar determination. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 195: 19–23.
• Stiller, W.N., J.J. Read, G.A. Constable, and P.E. Reid. 2005. Selection for water use efficiency traits in a cotton breeding program cultivar differences. Crop Science. 45: 1107–13.
• Verheijen, F.G.A., S. Jeffery, A.C. Bastos, M. van der Velde, and I. Diafas. 2009. Biochar application to soils - A Critical Scientific Review of Effects on Soil Properties, Processes and Functions. EUR 24099 EN, Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, pp. 149.
• Wang, H., R.L. Liu, and J.Y. Jin. 2009. Effects of zinc and soil moisture on photosynthetic rateand chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize. Biologia Plantarum. 53(1): 191-194.
• Wasternack, C. 2007. Jasmonates: an update on biosynthesis, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. Annual Botany. 100: 681–697.
• Wu, H., X. Wu, Z. Li, L. Duan, and M. Zhang. 2012. Physiological evaluation of drought stress tolerance and recovery in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) seedlings treated with methyl jasmonate and coronatine. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 31: 113-123.
• Xu, C.Y., S. Hosseini-Bai, Y. Hao, R.C. Rachaputi, H. Wang, Z. Xu, and H. Wallace. 2015. Effect of biochar amendment on yield and photosynthesis of peanut on two types of soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 22 (8): 6112–6125
• Yokota, A., S. Kawasaki, and M. Iwano. 2002. Citrulline and DRIP-1 protein (ArgE Homologue) in drought tolerance of wild watermelon. Annual Botany. 89: 825-832.