کاربرد نانوفناوری در بهینه‌سازی سامانه‌های خورشیدی شیرین‌سازی آب: گامی به سوی توسعه پایدار برپایه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر
محورهای موضوعی : شیمی کاربردی
1 - استادیار گروه پژوهشی مواد غیرفلزی، پژوهشگاه نیرو، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: شیرین‌سازی خورشیدی, نانوفناوری, نانوذره¬ها, انرژی تجدیدپذیر, نانوسیال¬ها.,
چکیده مقاله :
این مقاله، به بررسی جامع نقش نانوفناوری در بهبود سامانه‌های شیرین‌سازی خورشیدی آب برپایه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، پرداخته است و بر ضرورت ادامه پژوهشها برای دستیابی به فناوری‌های اقتصادی‌تر و پایدارتر تأکید می‌کند. شیرین‌سازی آب به‌عنوان راهکاری اساسی برای مقابله با بحران جهانی آب، در سال‌های اخیر، توجه بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است. پیشرفت‌های فناورانه، به‌ویژه در حوزه نانوفناوری و انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مسیر تازه‌ای را برای توسعه واحدهای شیرین‌سازی پایدار و کم‌هزینه آب فراهم کرده‌اند. استفاده از نانومواد و نانوسیالها در سامانه‌های تقطیر و صافش موجب افزایش بازده کارایی، کاهش وابستگی به شرایط اقلیمی و ارتقای بازدهی فرایند شده است. از سوی دیگر، بهره‌گیری از منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر مانند خورشید، باد، زمین‌گرمایی و زیست‌توده، جایگزینی مؤثری برای سوخت‌های فسیلی پرهزینه و آلاینده بشمار می‌رود. به‌طورویژه، نانوسیالها نقش مهمی در بهینه‌سازی واحدهای تقطیر خورشیدی ایفا کرده‌اند و استفاده از نانوغشاهای طراحی‌شده با ساختارهای نانومتخلخل کارایی قابل‌قبولی در حذف املاح و تولید آب شیرین ارائه داده‌اند. با وجود دستاوردهای امیدوارکننده، چالش‌هایی مانند کاهش تدریجی کارایی غشاها، هزینه‌های اجرایی و مصرف انرژی همچنان وجود دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the role of nanotechnology in enhancing solar water desalination systems with a renewable energy-based approach, highlighting the need for continuous research to achieve more economical and sustainable technologies. Water desalination, as a fundamental solution to the global water crisis, has gained significant attention in recent years. Technological advancements particularly in the fields of nanotechnology and renewable energy, have opened new path for the development of sustainable and cost-effective water desalination units. The use of nanomaterials and nanofluids in distillation and filtration systems enhances operational efficiency, reduces dependency on climatic conditions, and improves overall process performance. On the other hand, the utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass presents an effective alternative to costly and polluting fossil fuels. Specifically, nanofluids play a crucial role in optimizing solar distillation units, and nanoengineered membranes with nanoporous structures have demonstrated promising capabilities in salt removal and freshwater production. Despite these encouraging achievements, challenges such as the gradual decline in membrane performance, operational costs, and energy consumption persist
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