اثر آلودگی هوای شهر تهران بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی برگ چنار (Platanus orientalis L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
سیده مهدخت مداح
1
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یادگار
امام خمینی (ره) شهرری، تهران ، ایران)
کلید واژه: آلودگی هوا, تغییرات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی, چنار (Platanus orientalis L.),
چکیده مقاله :
درخت چنار یکی از درختان مهم در فضای سبز شهر تهران است که در سال‌های اخیر تحت تاثیر آلودگی شدید هوای تهران دچار خزان زود هنگام شده است. در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور مشخص شدن علت این پدیده صفاتی نظیر سطح برگ وزن خشک، هدایت روزنه، مقاومت روزنه، رطوبت نسبی برگ، غلظت نسبی کلروفیل، مقادیر عناصر کلسیم، منیزیوم، سرب و کادمیوم مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. برگ درختان چنار در اواخر بهار از سه منطقه شهر تهران با مقادیر متفاوت آلودگی هوا، پارک صدرا (منطقه پاک)، پارک المهدی (منطقه آلوده 1) و پارک اوستا (منطقه آلوده 2) جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج نشان داد آلودگی هوا موجب کاهش معنی‌دار سطح برگ و افزایش هدایت روزنه در منطقه آلوده پارک المهدی گردید. همچنین بیشترین مقدار منیزیم و سرب در برگهای چنار منطقه آلوده ی پارک اوستا مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار کادمیوم نیز به برگهای پارک صدرا تعلق داشت. در مورد سایر صفات نیز اختلاف معنی‌داری بین مناطق مختلف مشاهده نشد. با توجه به نتایج کسب شده در تحقیق حاضر به نظر می‌رسد درخت چنار توان جذب فلزات سنگین را دارد.
Plantain (Platanus orientalis L.)is an important tree used in green space in Tehran. Due to severe air pollution in Tehran, these trees experience early fall in recent years. The present study in an attempt to find the causes of this phenomenon, measured leaf area, dry weight, stomata conductance, stomata resistance, relative leaf humidity, relative chlorophyll concentrations, and the values of calcium, magnesium, lead, and cadmium. Leaves were collected from three regions in Tehran: Sadra Park as a clean region, Al-Mahdi Park as the polluted region 1, and Avesta Park as the polluted region 2. Results showed that air pollution causes significant reduction in leaf area and increase in stomatal conductance in Al-Mahdi Park. The highest amounts of magnesium and lead were also observed in Avesta Park plantain leaves. The highest value of cadmium in leaves was recorded in Sadra Park region. No significant differences were observed in the other traits under study at the collection sites. It seems plantain is able to absorb heavy metals.
Abeyratne, V.D.K. and Ileperuma, O.A .)2006(. Impact of ambient air pollutants on the stomatal aperture of Argyreia populifolia. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences). 35(1):9-15.
Aftabtalab, N. (1387). Evaluation of phytoremediation of lead and cadmium in sycamore and cypress, MA thesis, Natural Resources Faculty of Tehran University, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Degree in Forest Science and Forest Ecology.
Aliahmad Koroori, S. (1999).Proceedings of the study of the enzyme reaction to changes in environmental factors in forest trees. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication. p 333.
Azizi, g., Alimoradi, L. and Syahmargovi, A. (2011). The relationship between chlorophyll meter number with the content of chlorophyll, photosynthesis and leaf Nitrozhen in Soya. (Glycine max L.). Journal of Plant Research. 23 (3):211-215.
Chibuike, G.U. and Obiora, S.C. (2014). Heavy metal polluted soils: Effect on plants and bioremediation methods. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 2014:1-12.
Ebrahimzadeh, H. (2000). Plant physiology, Vol. 1 (feeding and absorption). Tehran University Press, 23, Issue 3.
Doğanlar, ZB. and Atmaca, M. )2011(. Influence of Airborne Pollution on Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Al Accumulation and Physiological Parameters of Plant Leaves in Antakya (Turkey). Water Air Soil Pollution. 214:509–523.
Gisbert, C., Ros, R., De Haro, A., Walker, D.J., Bernal, M.P., Serrano, R. and Navarro-Avino, J. (2003). “A plant genetically modified that accumulates Pb is especially promising for phytoremediation”, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 303: 440–445.
Ghorbanli, M., Khaniki, GH. and Baknd, Z. (2007). The effect of air pollutants in Tehran on fresh and dry weight, proline, soluble carbohydrates, the number of stomata, hairs and epidermal cells in two oleander plant Nerium oleander L. and Acacia ,Robinia pseudoacacia L. Pajohesh and Sazandegi. 20(4):77.
Govindaraju, M., Ganeshkumar, RS, Suganthi, P., Muthukumaran, VR. And Visvanathan, P. )2010(. Impact assess.ment of air pollution stress on plant species through biochemical estimations. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 4: 784-787.
Hovhannisyan, H.A. and Nersisyan, G.S. )2009(. A Study of lead pollution of vegetation in Yerevan (ARM,ENIA). B,ook of proceedings from the 5th international conference. Environmental accounting-sustainable development indicators. Jan Evangelista Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem.
Joodi, SM. (2005). Conference Procedia "of information and services in terms of air pollution". The Bulletin of Scientific Research Institute of Climatology. 5:3-4.
Kapoor, CS., Bamniya, BR. and Kapoor, K. )2012(. Natural and effective control of air pollution through plants- studies on a tree species:Holoptelea integrifolia L. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change. 17: 793–803.
Kaya, G., Okumus, N. and Yaman, M. )2010(. Lead, Cadmium and Copper concentration in leaves of Nerium oleander L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. as biomonitors of atmospheric pollution. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 19(4a):98-103.
Kumar Rai, P. (2015).Biodiversity of roadside plants and their response to air in an pollution Indo-Burma hotspot region: implications for urban ecosystem restoration. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 9(1): 47–55.
Kurteva, M. )2004(. Bioindication ability of tree and shrub species under industrial environmental pollution. Nature montenegrina, Podgric.7(2): 485-503.
Leghari,S.K. and Zaidi, M.A. )2013(. Effect of air pollution on the leaf morphology of common plant species of QUETTA city. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 45(1): 447-454.
Mertens, J., Van Nevel, L., Schrijver, A.D. and Piesschaert, F. )2007). Tree species effect on the redistribution of soil metals. Environmental Pollution. 149:173-181.
Mozaffarian, V. (1994). Vegetation Classification Volume II: Dicotyledons . Nashr-e-Danesh Emrooz Publications. P 610.
Mozaffarian, V. ( 2004). Trees and shrubs of Iran. Farhang-e-Moaser Publications.p 991.
Naidoo, G. and chirkoot, D. )2004(. The effects of coal dust on photosynthetic performance of the mangrove. Avicennia marina in Richards bay, South Africa. Enviromental Pollution. 127:359-366.
Neufeld, H.S., Jeprnsteat, J.A. and Haines, B.L. )1985(. Direct foliar effects of simulated acid rain .I. Damage, growth and gas exchenge. New Phytologist. 99(3): 389-405.
Pitchel, J. and Bradway, D.J. )2008(. Conventional crops and organic amendments for Pb, Cd and Zn treatment at a severely contaminated site. Bioresource Technology. 99(5):1242-1251.
Pourkhabbaz, A., Rastin, N., Olbrich, A., Langenfeld-Heyser, R. and Polle, A. )2010(. Influence of environmental pollution on leaf properties of urban plane trees, Platanus orientalis L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.8 5:251-255.
Sabeti, H. (1994). Forest trees and shrubs of Iran, Yazd University. p 810.
Salama, HMH., Al-Rumaih, MM. and Al-Dosary, MA. )2011(. Effects of Riyadh cement industry pollutions on some physiological and morphological factors of Datura innoxia Mill. Plant Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 18:227–237.
Seyyednejad, SM., Niknejad, M., Koochak, H. )2011(. A Review of some different effects of air pollution on plants. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences. 5:302-309.
Robinson, M.F., Heath, J. and Mansfield, T.A. )1998(. Disturbances in stomatal behaviour caused by air pollutants. Journal of Experimental Botany. 49:461–469.
Wuytack, T., Verheyen, K., Wuyts, K., Kardel, F., Adriaenssens, S. and Samson, R. )2010(. The potential of biomonitoring of air quality using leaf characteristics of white willow (Salix alba L.).CLIMAQS Workshop ‘Local Air Quality and its Interactions with Vegetation’ January 21-22, Antwerp, Belgium.