اثر همزمان سطوح مختلف ایندول بوتیریک اسید و تلقیح باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر برخی صفات رشدی و بیوشیمیایی نهال زیتون (Olea europaea L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
محمد رضا صفری مطلق
1
(گروه گیاه پزشکی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
بهزاد کاویانی
2
(گروه باغبانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
سید احمد موسوی محمدی
3
(گروه باغبانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
کلید واژه: زیتون, سودوموناس, باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه, جذب نیتروژن و فسفر, ریشه‌زایی قلمه,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف ایندول بوتیریک اسید (IBA) و سویه های باکتری Pseudomonasfluorescens آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب یک طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار انجام شد. در فاکتور اول تاثیر سه سطح از هورمون IBA (صفر، ۲۰۰۰ و ۴۰۰۰ میلی گرم در لیتر) و در فاکتور دوم تاثیر دو سویه R5و R64 از باکتری P. fluorescens بر رقم کنسروالیا (Olea europaea L.cv. Conservaliya) نهال زیتون مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تلقیح باکتریایی با سویه R5، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، وزن خشک کل، غلظت نیتروژن و جذب فسفر را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد ولی بین سویه های R5 و R64 از نظر اثر بر کلروفیل کل اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. در سطح ۲۰۰۰ میلی گرم در لیتر IBA نیز وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه ، غلظت نیتروژن، کلروفیل کل و وزن خشک کل نسبت به سطح صفر افزایش یافت، در حالی که حداکثر جذب فسفر در سطح ۴۰۰۰ میلی گرم در لیتر IBA به دست آمد. اثر متقابل IBA و باکتری نشان داد که در صفات مورفولوژیک، جذب و غلظت عناصر، حداکثر میانگین در تیمار ۲۰۰۰ میلی گرم در لیتر IBA و سویه R5 وجود داشت. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده برای بهبود ریشه زایی زیتون، کاربرد توام تیمار ۲۰۰۰ میلی گرم در لیتر IBA و سویه R5 پیشنهاد می‌شود.
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of IBA and strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial with completely randomized design containing two factors and three replications. In the first factor, the effect of three levels of IBA (0, 2000, and 4000 mg/ ml) and in the second one, the effect of two strains of P. fluorescens (R5 and R64) were investigated on olive (Olea europaea cv. conservaliya). Results showed that bacterial inoculation with R5 strains increased shoot and root dry weight, total dry weight, nitrogen concentration, and phosphorus uptake compared to control, but there was no significant difference between R5 and R64 strains in terms of total chlorophyll. The 2000 mg/ml IBA also increased shoot and root dry weight, nitrogen concentration, total chlorophyll, and total dry weight compared to control while the maximum phosphorus uptake was obtained at 4000 mg/ml IBA. The interaction of effects of IBA and bacteria in morphological characteristics and uptake and concentration of elements showed that maximum average were obtained at 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain treatment. According to the obtained results, the application of both of 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain for improvement in rooting is recommended.
Ali, S.K.Z., Sandhya, V., Grover, M., Kishore, N., Rao, L.V. and Venkateswarlu, B. (2009). Pseudomonas sp. strain AKM-P6 enhances tolerance of sorghum seedlings to elevated temperatures. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 46 (1): 45-55.
Almeida, F.D., Xavier, A., Dias, J.M.M. and Paiva, H.N. (2007). Auxin (IBA and NAA) effects on minicuttings rooting of Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. clones. Revista Árvore 31 (3): 455–463.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Arlington (VA): Association of official analytical chemists.
Ashrafuzzaman, M., Hossein, F.A., Razi, I., Anamul, M., Zahurul, M., Shahidullah, S.M. and Meon, S. (2009). Efficiency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for the enhancement of rice growth. African Journal of Biotechnology. 8(7): 1247-1252.
Boiero, L., Perrig, D., Masciarelli, O., Pena, C., Cassán, F. and Luna, V. (2007). Phytohormone production by strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and possible physiological and technological implications. Applied Microbiology of Biotechnology. 74(4): 874–880.
Brondani, G.E., Baccarin, F.J.B., Ondas, H.W.W., Stape, J.L., Gonçalves, A.N. and Almeida, M.D. (2012). Low temperature, IBA concentrations and optimal time for adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus benthamii mini-cuttings. Journal of Forest Research. 23 (4): 583−592.
Chapman, H.I. and Pratt, P.F. (1961). Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. The University of California's Division of Agricultural Science, Berkeley, California, USA.
Davidović, V., Popović, R. and Radulović, M. (2015). Influence of IBA and NAA (0.8%) + (IBA 0.5%) phytoregulators to the risogenesis of the mature lemon tree-shoots (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. and Citrus meyearii Y. Tan.). Agriculture and Forestry. 61(2): 243-250.
Dodd, I. C., Belimov, A.A., Sobeih, W.Y., Safronova, V.I., Grierson, D. and Davies, W.J. (2004). Will modifying plant ethylene status improve plant productivity in water-limited environments? Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 26 September–1 October 2004.
Dominguez, N., Daniel. M., Ana, D.L.C., José, A. and Saiz, D.O. (2013). Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the water parameters of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus halepensis. Agronomy Journal. 3: 571-582.
German, M.A., Burdman, S., Yaacov, O. and Kigel, J. (2000). Effects of Azospirillum brasilense on root morphology of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under different water regimes. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 32 (3): 259–264.
Glick, B.R. (1995). The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 41 (2): 109-117.
Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Davis, F.T. and Genere, R.L. (1997). Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. (6th ed.). Prentice Hall Intl. INC, USA.
Heinonsalo, J., Frey-Klett, P., Pierrat, J.C., Churin, J.L., Vairelles, J. and Garbaye, J. (2004). Fate, tree growth effect and potential impact on soil microbial communities of mycorrhizal and bacterial inoculation in a forest plantation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 36 (2): 211–216.
Henry, S., Texier, S., Hallet, S., Bru, D., Dambreville, C., Chèneby, D., Bizouard, F., Germon, J.C. and Philippot, L. (2008). Disentangling the rhizosphere effect on nitrate reducers and denitrifiers: insight into the role of root exudates. Environmental Microbiology. 10 (11): 3082–3092.
Hervas, A.B., Canosa, I. and Santero, E. (2008). Transcriptome analysis of Pseudomonas putida in response to nitrogen availability. Journal of Bacteriology. 190 (1): 416-420.
Jaleel, C.A., Manivavannan, P., Sankar, B., Krishnakumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R. and Pannerselvam, R. (2007). Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress. Colloid and Surface B Biointerfaces. 60 (1): 7-11.
Jull, L.G., Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A. (1994). Rooting yoshinocryptomeria stem cutting as influenced by growth stage, branch order IBA treatment. Scientia Horticulturae. 29 (12): 1532-1535.
Karlidag, H., Esitken, A., Turan, M. and Sahin, F. (2007). Effects of root inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient elements contents of apple. Scientia Horticulturae. 114 (1): 16-20.
Karthikeyan, B.N., Abdul Jaleel, C.A., Azooz, M.M. (2009). Individual and combined effects of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens on biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus. Academic Journal of Plant Sciences. 2 (2): 69-73.
Karthikeyan, B.N., Joe, M.M., Abdul Jaleel, C., and Aram, M.D. (2010). Effect of root inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant growth, alkaloid content and nutrient control of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Natura Croatica. 19 (1): 205-212.
Kasim, N.E. and Rayya, A. (2009). Effect of different collection times and some treatments on rooting and chemical interminal constituents of bitter almond hard wood cutting. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 5 (2): 116-122.
Lee, O., Lee, B. and Lee, J. (2009). Assessment of phenolics-enriched extract and fractions of olive leaves and their antioxidant activities. Bioresource of Technology. 100 (23): 6107-6113.
Mayak, S., Tirosh, T. and Glick, B.R. (2004). Plant growth promoting bacteria that confer resistance to water stress in tomato and pepper. Plant Science. 166 (2): 525-530.
Puri, S. and Verma, R.C. (1996). Vegetative propagation of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Using softwood and hardwood stem cuttings. Journal of Arid Environment 34(2): 235-245.
Rahdari, P., Mahna, M. and Asadi, M. (2011). Effect of zinc sulfate on NAA and IBA hormones on the rooting of Arlia spp. and its environmental effects. Chalous Natural Resources Science and Technology Journal. 5 (1): 95-103.
Ramezani, M., Talaee, A., Eghdami, M.T. and Bonyadi, I. (2006).Study of effected factors on rooting on semi-hardwood cuttings of difficult rooting olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.). Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 66: 74-81.
Shaharoona, B., Naveed, M., Arshad, M. and Zahir, A. (2008). Fertilizer-dependent efficiency of Pseudomonads for improving growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 79(1): 147-155.
Shahhoseini, R., Moghadam, M., Kiani, D. and Mansouri, R. (2015). Effect of different concentrations of IBA and NAA on rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 31 (4): 574- 586.
Singh, K.K., Choudhary, T. and Kumar, A. (2014). Effect of various concentrations of IBA and NAA on the rooting of stem cuttings of mulberry (Morus alba L.) under mist house condition in Garhwal hill region.Indian Journal of Hill Farm. 27 (1): 74-77.
Vassillev, N., Vassilev, A.M., Fenice, M. and Fedrrice, F. (2001). Immobilized cell technology applied in solubilization of insoluble inorganic rock phosphates and P plant acquisition. Bioresource of Technology. 79:
263– 271.
Vessey, J.K. (2003). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255 (2): 571– 586.
Wendling, I. and Xavier, A. (2005). Indolbutiric acid and serial minicutting technique on rooting and vigor of Eucalyptus grandis clone minicuttings. Revista Árvore. 29 (6): 921–930.
Zahir, Z.A., Munir, A., Asghar, H.N., Arshad, M. and Shaharoona, B. (2008). Effectiveness of rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase for growth promotion of peas (Pisum sativum) under drought conditions. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 18(5): 982-987.
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Ali, S.K.Z., Sandhya, V., Grover, M., Kishore, N., Rao, L.V. and Venkateswarlu, B. (2009). Pseudomonas sp. strain AKM-P6 enhances tolerance of sorghum seedlings to elevated temperatures. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 46 (1): 45-55.
Almeida, F.D., Xavier, A., Dias, J.M.M. and Paiva, H.N. (2007). Auxin (IBA and NAA) effects on minicuttings rooting of Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. clones. Revista Árvore 31 (3): 455–463.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Arlington (VA): Association of official analytical chemists.
Ashrafuzzaman, M., Hossein, F.A., Razi, I., Anamul, M., Zahurul, M., Shahidullah, S.M. and Meon, S. (2009). Efficiency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for the enhancement of rice growth. African Journal of Biotechnology. 8(7): 1247-1252.
Boiero, L., Perrig, D., Masciarelli, O., Pena, C., Cassán, F. and Luna, V. (2007). Phytohormone production by strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and possible physiological and technological implications. Applied Microbiology of Biotechnology. 74(4): 874–880.
Brondani, G.E., Baccarin, F.J.B., Ondas, H.W.W., Stape, J.L., Gonçalves, A.N. and Almeida, M.D. (2012). Low temperature, IBA concentrations and optimal time for adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus benthamii mini-cuttings. Journal of Forest Research. 23 (4): 583−592.
Chapman, H.I. and Pratt, P.F. (1961). Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. The University of California's Division of Agricultural Science, Berkeley, California, USA.
Davidović, V., Popović, R. and Radulović, M. (2015). Influence of IBA and NAA (0.8%) + (IBA 0.5%) phytoregulators to the risogenesis of the mature lemon tree-shoots (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. and Citrus meyearii Y. Tan.). Agriculture and Forestry. 61(2): 243-250.
Dodd, I. C., Belimov, A.A., Sobeih, W.Y., Safronova, V.I., Grierson, D. and Davies, W.J. (2004). Will modifying plant ethylene status improve plant productivity in water-limited environments? Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 26 September–1 October 2004.
Dominguez, N., Daniel. M., Ana, D.L.C., José, A. and Saiz, D.O. (2013). Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the water parameters of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus halepensis. Agronomy Journal. 3: 571-582.
German, M.A., Burdman, S., Yaacov, O. and Kigel, J. (2000). Effects of Azospirillum brasilense on root morphology of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under different water regimes. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 32 (3): 259–264.
Glick, B.R. (1995). The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 41 (2): 109-117.
Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Davis, F.T. and Genere, R.L. (1997). Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. (6th ed.). Prentice Hall Intl. INC, USA.
Heinonsalo, J., Frey-Klett, P., Pierrat, J.C., Churin, J.L., Vairelles, J. and Garbaye, J. (2004). Fate, tree growth effect and potential impact on soil microbial communities of mycorrhizal and bacterial inoculation in a forest plantation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 36 (2): 211–216.
Henry, S., Texier, S., Hallet, S., Bru, D., Dambreville, C., Chèneby, D., Bizouard, F., Germon, J.C. and Philippot, L. (2008). Disentangling the rhizosphere effect on nitrate reducers and denitrifiers: insight into the role of root exudates. Environmental Microbiology. 10 (11): 3082–3092.
Hervas, A.B., Canosa, I. and Santero, E. (2008). Transcriptome analysis of Pseudomonas putida in response to nitrogen availability. Journal of Bacteriology. 190 (1): 416-420.
Jaleel, C.A., Manivavannan, P., Sankar, B., Krishnakumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R. and Pannerselvam, R. (2007). Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress. Colloid and Surface B Biointerfaces. 60 (1): 7-11.
Jull, L.G., Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A. (1994). Rooting yoshinocryptomeria stem cutting as influenced by growth stage, branch order IBA treatment. Scientia Horticulturae. 29 (12): 1532-1535.
Karlidag, H., Esitken, A., Turan, M. and Sahin, F. (2007). Effects of root inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient elements contents of apple. Scientia Horticulturae. 114 (1): 16-20.
Karthikeyan, B.N., Abdul Jaleel, C.A., Azooz, M.M. (2009). Individual and combined effects of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens on biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus. Academic Journal of Plant Sciences. 2 (2): 69-73.
Karthikeyan, B.N., Joe, M.M., Abdul Jaleel, C., and Aram, M.D. (2010). Effect of root inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant growth, alkaloid content and nutrient control of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Natura Croatica. 19 (1): 205-212.
Kasim, N.E. and Rayya, A. (2009). Effect of different collection times and some treatments on rooting and chemical interminal constituents of bitter almond hard wood cutting. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 5 (2): 116-122.
Lee, O., Lee, B. and Lee, J. (2009). Assessment of phenolics-enriched extract and fractions of olive leaves and their antioxidant activities. Bioresource of Technology. 100 (23): 6107-6113.
Mayak, S., Tirosh, T. and Glick, B.R. (2004). Plant growth promoting bacteria that confer resistance to water stress in tomato and pepper. Plant Science. 166 (2): 525-530.
Puri, S. and Verma, R.C. (1996). Vegetative propagation of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Using softwood and hardwood stem cuttings. Journal of Arid Environment 34(2): 235-245.
Rahdari, P., Mahna, M. and Asadi, M. (2011). Effect of zinc sulfate on NAA and IBA hormones on the rooting of Arlia spp. and its environmental effects. Chalous Natural Resources Science and Technology Journal. 5 (1): 95-103.
Ramezani, M., Talaee, A., Eghdami, M.T. and Bonyadi, I. (2006).Study of effected factors on rooting on semi-hardwood cuttings of difficult rooting olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.). Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 66: 74-81.
Shaharoona, B., Naveed, M., Arshad, M. and Zahir, A. (2008). Fertilizer-dependent efficiency of Pseudomonads for improving growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 79(1): 147-155.
Shahhoseini, R., Moghadam, M., Kiani, D. and Mansouri, R. (2015). Effect of different concentrations of IBA and NAA on rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 31 (4): 574- 586.
Singh, K.K., Choudhary, T. and Kumar, A. (2014). Effect of various concentrations of IBA and NAA on the rooting of stem cuttings of mulberry (Morus alba L.) under mist house condition in Garhwal hill region.Indian Journal of Hill Farm. 27 (1): 74-77.
Vassillev, N., Vassilev, A.M., Fenice, M. and Fedrrice, F. (2001). Immobilized cell technology applied in solubilization of insoluble inorganic rock phosphates and P plant acquisition. Bioresource of Technology. 79:
263– 271.
Vessey, J.K. (2003). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255 (2): 571– 586.
Wendling, I. and Xavier, A. (2005). Indolbutiric acid and serial minicutting technique on rooting and vigor of Eucalyptus grandis clone minicuttings. Revista Árvore. 29 (6): 921–930.
Zahir, Z.A., Munir, A., Asghar, H.N., Arshad, M. and Shaharoona, B. (2008). Effectiveness of rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase for growth promotion of peas (Pisum sativum) under drought conditions. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 18(5): 982-987.