گیاه .Atriplex halimus L و تحمل همزمان چند تنش: انتخابی مناسب از گیاهان هالوفیت برای گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های شور آلوده به فلزات سنگین
محورهای موضوعی : تنش
1 - دانشگاه بیرجند
کلید واژه: Atriplex halimus, آلودگی فلزات سنگین, شوری, گیاه شورزی, گیاه‌پالایی,
چکیده مقاله :
در سراسر جهان مناطقی وجود دارند که به طور همزمان با شوری و آلودگی فلزات سنگین درگیر هستند. چندین روش برای پالایش آلاینده‌ها از محیط معرفی شده است که اکثر آنها گران یا ناکارآمد هستند. در گیاه‌پالایی از گیاهان مختلف برای تجزیه، استخراج، یا بی‌حرکت کردن آلاینده‌ها از/در محیط استفاده می‌گردد. بیشتر گیاهانی که قابلیت گیاه‌پالایی دارند قادر به حذف فلزات سنگین از خاک‌های شور نیستند زیرا نمی‌توانند تحت تنش شوری و آلودگی فلزات سنگین بقا یابند. با این وجود، گیاهان هالوفیت (شورزی) به دلیل قابلیت بقا در شرایط شور می‌توانند جایگزین مناسبی برای گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های شور آلوده به فلزات سنگین باشند. گونه‌های گیاهی جنس Atriplex يكي از جنس‌های تیره اسفناجيان به عنوان گیاهان هالوفیت مقاوم در برابر شوری و انواع تنشهای غیرزیستی، نامزدهای مناسبی برای این هدف هستند. در این میان، گونه A. halimus که یک گیاه درختچه‌ای چند ساله است توانایی تحمل تنشهای زیادی مانند خشکی، شوری، سرما و فلزات سنگین را دارد. این گیاه میتواند با مکانیسم‌های مختلفی از جمله اتصال و ترسیب فلز سنگین، فعال کردن آنزیم‌ها و ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی، انباشت محافظت‌کننده‌های اسمزی و استفاده از اندام‌های دفع نمک، سطوح بالایی از فلزات را در محیط‌های شور آلوده به فلزات سنگین تحمل کند. این گونه با داشتن این ویژگی‌ها و تولید زیتوده قابل‌توجه میتواند گزینه‌ای بسیار مناسب برای پالایش نواحی معدنی شور باشد. با این وجود، آزمایش‌های میدانی بیشتری برای بررسی کارایی کاربردی گیاه A. halimus در پالایش فلزات سنگین از خاک‌های شور نیاز است.
There are regions around the world that are simultaneously affected by salinity and heavy metal pollution. Several methods have been introduced to purify pollutants from the environment, most of which are expensive or inefficient. In phytoremediation, different plants are used to degrade, extract, or immobilize contaminants from/in the environment. Most plants with phytoremediation capabilities cannot remove heavy metals from saline soils because they cannot survive under salinity stress and heavy metal pollution. Nevertheless, halophyte plants can be a suitable alternative for the phytoremediation of saline soils contaminated with heavy metals due to their ability to survive in saline conditions. Atriplex plant species, one of the genera of the spinach family, as halophyte plants resistant to salinity and various abiotic stresses, are suitable candidates for this purpose. From these, Atriplex Halimus, which is a perennial shrub plant, has the ability to withstand many stresses such as drought, salinity, cold, and heavy metals. This plant can tolerate high levels of metals in saline environments contaminated with heavy metals by various mechanisms, including heavy metal binding and precipitation, activating antioxidant enzymes and compounds, accumulating osmoprotectants, and using salt removal organs. This species, with these features and considerable biomass production, can be a very suitable option for remediating salty mineral areas. Nevertheless, more field experiments are needed to investigate the practical efficiency of A. halimus in removing heavy metals from saline soils.
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