مطالعه کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و صفات مرتبط با آن در غلات سرمادوست
محورهای موضوعی : فیزیولوژی محیطی
علی راحمی کاریزکی
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عباس بیابانی
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شهریار کاظمی
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حسین صبوری
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مارال اعتصامی
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1 - گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس. گلستان، ایران.
2 - گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس. گلستان، ایران
3 - بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران
4 - گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس. گلستان، ایران.
5 - گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس. گلستان، ایران
کلید واژه: انتقال مجدد نیتروژن, درصد پروتئین دانه, شاخص برداشت نیتروژن, کارایی بهره‌وری نیتروژن, کارایی جذب نیتروژن. ,
چکیده مقاله :
نیتروژن مهم‌ترین عامل محدودکننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی، به خصوص غلات است. لذا با هدف بررسی کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و اجزای آن در غلات مختلف تحت شرایط عدم استفاده از نیتروژن و شرایط مطلوب نیتروژن، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در دانشگاه گنبد کاووس در سال 97-1396 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل غلات در 7 سطح شامل گندم نان رقم کوهدشت (Triticum Aestivum L.)، گندم دوروم رقم سیمره (Triticum turgidum L.)، جو شش ردیفه رقم صحرا، جو دو ردیفه رقم خرم، جو لخت لاین17 (Hordeum vulgare L.)، یولاف زراعی رقم کانادایی (Avena sativa L.) و تریتیکاله رقم جوانیلو (Triticosecale Wittmack L.) و عامل نیتروژن در دو سطح شاهد (صفر) و مطلوب مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل غلات × نیتروژن بر کارایی بهره‌وری نیتروژن، کارایی جذب نیتروژن، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن، شاخص برداشت نیتروژن، درصد نیتروژن و پروتئین دانه اثر معنی‌داری نداشت. اما اثر اصلی نیتروژن و غلات بر کارایی جذب نیتروژن، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و درصد پروتئین دانه در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. در حالی که شاخص برداشت تنها تحت تاثیر غلات قرار گرفت، همچنین انتقال مجدد نیتروژن تحت تاثیر غلات، نیتروژن و اثر متقابل این دو قرار گرفت. در نهایت نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که در شرایط مطلوب نیتروژن در تمام غلات مورد مطالعه، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن افزایش یافت. کارآیی مصرف نیتروژن متشکل از دو جزء کارآیی جذب نیتروژن و کارآیی بهره‌وری نیتروژن است درنتیجه، افزایش در کارآیی مصرف نیتروژن بیش‌تر به‌دلیل بهبود در کارآیی جذب نیتروژن می‌باشد. همچنین در تمام غلات در شرایط مطلوب نیتروژن درصد پروتئین و عملکرد دانه افزایش یافت که افزایش درصد پروتئین ناشی افزایش انتقال مجدد نیتروژن بود. از طرفی جو لخت نسبت به سایر غلات از کارایی مصرف نیتروژن بالاتری برخوردار بود.
Nitrogen is the most important factor limiting the growth and performance of crops, especially cereals. Therefore, with the aim of investigating the nitrogen use efficiency and its components in different cereals under the conditions of control (no use nitrogen) and optimal conditions of nitrogen, a factorial field experiment was conducted base on randomized complete block design with three replications at Gonbad Kavus University in 2017-2018. The experimental treatments included cereals at 7 levels, including bread wheat Koohdasht cultivar, durum wheat Seimareh cultivar, two rowed barley Khoram cultivar, six rowed barley Sahra cultivar, hull less barley Line 17, triticale Javanilo cultivar and oat Canadian cultivar) and the nitrogen factor were evaluated at two control (zero) and optimum levels. The result showed that cereal × nitrogen interaction was not significant on nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen content and grain protein. But the main effect of nitrogen and cereals on nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency and grain protein percentage was significant at 1% level. While the nitrogen harvest index was only affected by cereals, Also, nitrogen remobilization was affected by cereals, nitrogen and cereals × nitrogen interaction. Finally, the results of this experiment showed that nitrogen use efficiency increased in all studied cereals under optimal nitrogen conditions. Nitrogen use efficiency consists of two components, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, as a result, the increase in nitrogen use efficiency is mostly due to the improvement in nitrogen uptake efficiency. Also, in all cereals under optimal nitrogen conditions, protein percentage and grain yield increased, in order to the increase in protein percentage was due to increased nitrogen remobilization. On the other hand, hull less barley had a higher nitrogen use efficiency than other cereals.
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