رابطه عملکرد خانواده، هیجان خواهی و پرخاشگری با اعتیاد به بازی های ویدیویی در دانش آموزان

محورهای موضوعی : فن‎آوری اطلاعات

داود حاج‎خدادادی ¹ , علی‎محمد نظری ² , مرتضی منطقی ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره خانواده، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه مشاوره، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/03/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/03/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/08/10

کلید واژه: پرخاشگری, عملکرد خانواده, هیجان‌خواهی, اعتیاد به بازی های ویدیویی,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی سهم متغیرهای عملکرد خانواده (حل مشکل، ارتباط، ایفای نقش، همراهی عاطفی، آمیزش عاطفی، کنترل رفتار و عملکرد کلی)، هیجان‌خواهی و پرخاشگری در پیش‌بینی اعتیاد به بازی‌های ویدیویی دانش‌آموزان بوده است. روش پژوهش، همبستگی بود. به همین منظور، 302 دانش‌آموز پسر دوره متوسطه اول از مدارس شهر کرج در سال تحصیلی 1392-1391 با روش نمونه‌ گیری خوشه‌ای چند‌مرحله‌ای انتخاب و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسش‎نامه عملکرد خانواده (FAD)، پرسش‎نامه اعتیاد به بازی‌های ویدیویی (PVP)، پرسش‎نامه هیجان‎خواهی زاکرمن (SSS) و پرسش‎نامه پرخاشگری باس و پری بودند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل آماری از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون گام به گام استفاده شده است. نتایج به دست آمده، بیانگر همبستگی معنادار بین عملکرد خانواده در همه ابعاد (حل مشکل، ارتباط، ایفای نقش، همراهی عاطفی، آمیزش عاطفی، کنترل رفتار و عملکرد کلی) با اعتیاد به بازی‌ های ویدیویی (r=0.31, P<0.01)؛ هیجان‌خواهی با اعتیاد به بازی‌ های ویدیویی (r=0.27, P<0.01) و پرخاشگری دانش‌آموزان با اعتیاد به بازی‌های ویدیویی (r=0.47, P<0.01) بود. نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که از بین متغیرهای پیش‌بین، متغیرهای پرخاشگری، ایفای نقش‌ (از ابعاد عملکرد خانواده) و هیجان‌خواهی توانسته‌اند اعتیاد به بازی‌های ویدیویی را پیش‌بینی کنند. به‌طور کلی 4/28% از واریانس اعتیاد به بازی‌های ویدیویی توسط متغیرهای پیش‌بین تبیین می‌ شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The present study was conducted to determine the contribution of family functioning variables (problem solving, communication, role performance,‌‌‌‌emotional responsiveness, emotional intercourse, behavior control and overall functioning), sensation seeking and aggression in the prediction of video games addiction among students. The method of this study was descriptive correlational. So, 302 high school boy students from Karaj City were selected with multi-stage sampling method and studied. Instruments of the study were family assessment device (FAD), problem video game playing (PVP), sensation seeking scale (SSS) and Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis were used for statistical analysis of the data. The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between family functioning in all dimensions (problem solving, communication, role performance, emotional responsiveness, emotional intercourse, controlling behavior and overall performance) and the video games addiction of students (r=0.31, P<0.01). There was a positive relationship between aggression of students and video games addiction (r=0.47, P<0.01). Between sensation seeking of students there was a significant positive relationship with video games addiction (r=0.27, P<0.01). The regression results indicated that among the investigated predictive variables, variables of aggression, role performance (a dimension of family functioning), and sensation seeking were able to predict the video games addiction. In general, 28.4% of the variance in video games addiction was explained with the variables.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Adachi, P. C., & Willoughby, T. (2011). The effect of violent video games on aggression: Is it more than just the violence? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16, 55-62.


2. Amado, S. (2005). Emotional well-being of first-year university students: Family functioning and attachment styles. M.A. Thesis, Middle East Technical University.


3. Anderson, C. A., & Carnagey, N. L. (2009). Causal effects of violent sports video games on aggression: Is it competitiveness or violent content? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45 ,731-739.


4. Arnesen, A. A. (2010). Video game addiction among young adults in Norway: Prevalence and health. Master Thesis, Bergensis University.


5. Azad Fallah, P. (1994). Effect on the success and failure of blood pressure according to the excitement of pro-people type A. M.A. Thesis. Tarbiat Modarres University. (in Persian).


6. Bensely, L., & Van Eenwyk, J. (2001). Video games and real-life aggression: Review of the literature. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29, 244-257.


7. Beullens, K., Roe, K., & Bulck, J. V. D. (2008). Video games and adolescents’ intentions to take risks in traffic. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 87-90.


8. Caplan, S. E., Williams, D., & Yee, N. (2009). Problematic internet use and psychosocial well-being among MMO players. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(6), 1312-1319.


9. Chiu, S. I., Lee, J. Z., & Huang, D. H. (2004). Video game addiction in children and teenagers in Taiwan. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(5), 571-581.


10. Coventry, K. R., & Brown, F. R. (1993). Sensation seeking, gambling and gambling Addictions. Addiction, 88, 541-554.


11. Decker, S. A., & Gay, J. N. (2011). Cognitive-bias toward gaming-related words and disinhibition in World of Warcraft Gamers. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 798-810.


12. Derus, E. (2009). An exploration of the relationship between family functioning and adolescent sexual decision making. M.S. Thesis, Skills University of Alberta.


13. Deyreh, E. (2011). Psychological pathology of computer and video games among elementary students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3095-3097.


14. Dill, K. E., & Dill, J. C. (1998). Video game violence: A review of the empirical literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 3(4), 407-428.


15. Fathi Ashtiani, A., & Dastani, M. (2009). Psychological tests for evaluating personality and mental health. Tehran: Besat. (in Persian).


16. Ferguson, C. J., Miguel, C. S., Garza, A., & Jerabeck, J. M. (2012). A longitudinal test of video game violence influences on dating and aggression. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46 ,141-146.


17. Giumetti, G. W., & Markey, P. M. (2007). Violent video games and anger as predictors of aggression. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 1234-1243.


18. Goldenberg, I., & Goldenberg, H. (2008). Family therapy (Translated by Hamid Reza Hoseinshahi et al., 2009). Tehran: Ravan. (in Persian).


19. Griffiths, M. (2009). Online computer gaming: Advice for parents and teachers. Education and Health, 27(1), 3-6.


20. Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & King, D. L. (2012). Video game addiction: Past, present and future. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 8, 308-318.


21. Gunter, B. (1998). The effects of video games on children (Translated by Hasan Pour Abedi). Tehran: Javane Roshd. (in Persian).


22. Henry Mussen, P., Conger J. J., & Kagan, J. (1963). Child development and personality (Translated by Mahshid Yasaee., 1998). Tehran: Mad. (in Persian).


23. Hosseinbor, M., Bakhshani, N., & Shakiba, M. (2012). Family functioning of addicted and non-addicted individuals: A comparative study. Int J High Risk Behaviour Addict, 1(3), 109-114.


24. Hsu, S. H., Wen, M. H., & Wu, M. C. (2009). Exploring user experiences as predictors of MMORPG addiction. Computers & Education, 53, 990-999.


25. Keser, H., & Esgi, N. (2012). An analysis of self-perceptions of elementary school students in terms of computer game addiction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 247-251.


26. Kim, E. J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S. J. (2008). The relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits. European Psychiatry, 23, 212-218.


27. King, D., Delfabbro, P., & Griffiths, M. (2010). The role of structural characteristics in problem video game playing: A review. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 4(1), article 6.


28. Lewandowski, A. S., Palermo, T. M., Jennifer, S. Y., Handley, S. Y., & Chambers, C. T. (2010). Systematic review of family functioning in families of children and adolescents with chronic pain. The Journal of Pain, 11)11(, 1027-1038.


29. Lin, S. S. J., & Tsai, C. C. (2002). Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 411-426.


30. Littler, E. (2006). Resolving the relationthip between pathological gambling and sensation seeking. M.A. Thesis, The University of Georgia.


31. Lo, S. K., Wang, C. C., & Fang, W. (2005). Physical interpersonal relationships and social anxiety among online game players. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 8(1), 15-20.


32. Loton, D. (2007). Problem video game playing, self esteem and social skills: An online study. B.A. Thesis, The Victoria University.


33. Manteghi, M. (2007). Parents guide to use new technology (video -computer games). Tehran: Abed. (in Persian).


34. Mazurek, M. O., & Engelhardt, C. R. (2013). Video game use and problem behaviors in boys with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, 316-324.


35. Mohseni, M., Chime, N., Panaghi, L., & Mansori, N. (2011). Comparison of family functioning and expressed emotion in families of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia. Family Research, 27, 373-390. (in Persian).


36. Padilla-Walker, L. M., Coyne, S. M., Fraser, A. M., Dyer, W. J., & Yorgason, J. B. (2012). Parents and adolescents growing up in the digital age: Latent growth curve analysis of proactive media monitoring. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 1153-1165.


37. Pinchevsky, G. (2009). Parental monitoring, sensation seeking and marijuana use: Correlations and interactive model. M.A. Thesis, The University of Maryland.


38. Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2009). Having to versus wanting to play: Background and consequences of harmonious versus obsessive engagement in video games. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(5), 485-492.


39. Sanaei, B. (2010). Family and marriage assessment scales. Tehran: Besat. (in Persian).


40. Sheldon, P. (2012). Profiling the non-users: Examination of life-position indicators, sensation seeking, shyness, and loneliness among users and non-users of social network sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1960-1965.


41. Soltani, M., Fooladvand, Kh., & Fathi Ashtiani, A. (2010). Relathionship between identity and sensation seeking with internet addiction. Behavior Science, 3(3), 191-197. (in Persian).


42. Tejeiro, R. A., Gómez-Vallecillo, J. L., Pelegrina, M., Wallace, A., & Emberley, E. (2012). Risk factors associated with the abuse of video games in adolescents. Psychology, 3(4), 310-314.


43. Tejeiro, R., & Bersabé, R. M. (2002). Measuring problem video gameplaying in adolescents. Addiction, 97, 1601-1606.


44. Vallejos, M., & Capa, W. (2010). Video games: Addiction and predictors. AV. PSICOL, 18(1), 103-110.


45. Velezmoro, R., Lacefield, K., & Roberti, J. W. (2010). Perceived stress, sensation seeking, and college students’ abuse of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1526-1530.


46. Wallenius, M., & Punamäki, R. L. (2008). Digital game violence and direct aggression in adolescence: A longitudinal study of the roles of sex, age, and parent–child communication. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 286-294.


47. Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Zhang, D. J., & Su, Z. Q. (2012). The relationships among the big five personality factors, self-esteem, narcissism, and sensation-seeking to Chinese University students’ uses of social networking sites (SNSs). Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 2313-2319.


48. Yoseliani, G., Habibi, M., & Soleymani, S. (2012). The relationship between discipline desired behavior and family functioning, locus of control and self-esteem of students. School Pcychology, 1(2), 114-134. (in Persian).


49. Yurasek, A. M. (2007). Family history, sensation seeking and impulsivity as predictors of alcohol abuse. M.A. Thesis, the Department of Psychology of Marietta College.


50. Zahrakar, K., & Jafari, F. (2011). Family counseling. Tehran: Arasbaran. (in Persian).