Nowadays, there are different participatory citizen’s types in architectural design process, each of which is different from the other in terms of the type and user participation level. In general, participation types as a potential for better and more appropriate architecture are rarely used. They are either carried out casually and poorly planned, or remain at the stage of theoretical foundations, which only confirms prejudices about its ineffectiveness. Despite the fact that a whole horizontal and participatory tradition has been acknowledged in citizen's participatory ladder models historically, empirical research characterizes participatory ladders in the relevant literature. Despite this, there are not many studies that track participation, making it difficult to get a broad picture of participatory ladder models in practice. To further explain, the participatory ladder models type was studied, and the method of a systematic literature review procedure was employed to gain a thorough grasp of these models. Out of 528 articles, 61 were chosen and examined for this purpose. Following the 61 studies, findings show that participatory ladder models have been used in five general groups. Studies are including ones on urban and regional planning, social participation, city, social learning, as well as participatory ladder models of evaluation and validation. Findings indicate that 12 categories make up 22 studies on urban and regional planning. Participatory city ladder models are the subject of 12 studies, social participation models are covered in 16 research, and social learning is covered in 5 studies. Participatory ladder models, including evaluation and validation models, also comprise 5 other investigations, and the least amount of articles was allocated to the areas of "social learning" and "evaluation and validation," while the most articles were allocated to the area of "urban and regional planning," likely because participatory ladder models were used more frequently in this area. This comprehensive survey of the literature offers a good opportunity to start future studies on participatory design that makes use of participatory ladder models. تفاصيل المقالة

One of the most important destinations that has affected the world's tourism trends over the past decades is rural centers. The growth of short-term trips has transformed these destinations into major tourist centers, and this phenomenon is evident in the decrease in the average length of stay of tourists in many destinations worldwide. Villages are multi-purpose tourist destinations and play a significant role as centers of tourism activity. Archaeology has made significant contributions to the understanding of past cultures and civilizations and has brought fresh perspectives to the social sciences and arts. The methods of conducting archaeological research and the process of reaching desired results are of considerable interest to the general public, especially those who are interested in sensory and tangible exploration; therefore, the best approach to popularize archaeology is to establish its connection with tourism. Tourism shares common fields of knowledge and activities with archaeology and has made significant efforts in the development, preservation, revitalization, and enhancement of structures and monuments resulting from archaeological activities. Now, due to the common issues between archaeology and tourism, they can establish a close relationship in the cultural field. This research aims to focus on ancient and historical works as tourist attractions and as factors generating income and long-term development needs in this sector, which leads to the necessary groundwork for the sustainable development of tourism based on a historical and cultural approach. This analysis is a mixed methodological approach based on observation, interviews, questionnaires, and statistical data تفاصيل المقالة

مطالعات کیفیت زندگی در سیاست‌های اجتماعی و نقش آن، ابزاری مؤثر برای مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی شهری است. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی کیفیت زندگی به منظور دستیابی به اصول طراحی پایداری اجتماعی، مجتمع های مسکونی است.روش تحقیق کمی و به روش نمونه موردی می باشد. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. ضریب آلفای کرونباخ پرسشنامه ها 843/0 بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر ساکنان مجتمع مسکونی غدیر اراک می باشد. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 280 نفر محاسبه شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزارSpss و آزمون های آماری پارامتریک کولموگروف اسمیرنوف، همبستگی پیرسون، در رابطه با اندازه گیری و ارزیابی شاخص های کیفیت زندگی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر حاکی از آن است که کیفیت زندگی در مجتمع‌های مسکونی با مشارکت ساکنان در بافت‌های فرهنگی-اجتماعی، احساس تعلق به ابعاد ذهنی و بافت‌های کالبدی و محیطی به ابعاد عینی ارتباط مستقیم دارد. بنابراین، سطح کیفیت زندگی در ابعاد ذهنی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی و احساس تعلق بالاتر از ابعاد عینی، فیزیکی و محیطی است. مولفه هایی مانند مولفه های اجتماعی-فرهنگی، کالبدی، محیطی و احساس تعلق ابزاری قابل اعتماد برای سنجش کیفیت زندگی هستند و با توجه به سبک زندگی شهروندان می توان از آنها برای دستیابی به اصول طراحی پایداری اجتماعی در مجتمع های مسکونی مانند مجتمع غدیر اراک استفاده کرد. تفاصيل المقالة