Experiences from urban development plans and assessments of their concrete and tangible results in the past decades indicate lack of adequate success of our urbanization system to responding needs of our citizens. This has resulted in need to find a fundamental solution to transforming the centralized system into decentralized. Recent changes in regard to a change of approach from master plan to strategic planning has resulted in an increased sensitivity with regard to enhancement of urban management in addition to the opinion that strategic planning is not in itself a credible replacement for technocratic master planning (top-down) and is not on its own sufficient for sustainable development. In this article, we employ methods of actualization and content analysis to compare the common features of two issues in Iran and subsequently, with an emphasis on correction of structure of urban management system, the concepts of participation of citizens, government, private sector and civic society and enhancement of “good urban governance” with “strategic planning approach” are discussed as keys to the question of solid development.“Public participation in decision-making, accountability, equity and efficiency”, defines both fundamental principles of good urban governance and characteristics of strategic planning and is essentials of a constant environmental, social and economic development. تفاصيل المقالة

The management of metropolitan areas requires correction. Special organizational structures or arrangements must be created and stabilized for metropolitan area management. In such areas, the managerial domain of the metropolis must be a correlated complex of singular and separated units, so that harmonious regional policy-making will become possible. This article has been carried out to identify and rank the indicators of the integrated management of metropolitan areas. Considering the practical objective and the procedure, the research method for this article is of the survey type. Questionnaires have been used in two stages in this article. The experts of urban area management have been chosen as the statistical population. The sampling method is purposive. SWARA method has been applied for analyzing. SWARA is one of the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) methods. Results of summarizing theoretical topics, show that 9 criteria such as planning integration, institutional and organizational integration, decentralization of resources and authority, assignment of affairs to lower ranks, legality of policies, law enforcement methods, collaboration networks, presence of a council and the operational and executive authority of managers are effective in achieving integrated management of metropolitan areas. These 9 criteria include 17 indicators. Furthermore, between the identified indicators, four items, namely the presence of a coordinating organization for various managerial domains, with final weight (0.67) the existence of a common protocol and outlook, With final weight (0.204), policy-making on a metropolitan scale and the municipalities’ With final weight (0.07), independent budget from the central government, With final weight (0.029), have the highest importance, respectively. تفاصيل المقالة

The urban informal development is undeniable reality of a great number of cities across the world. Hence, many urbanism studies have been devoted to this topic. These scholarships have used various theoretical frameworks to explain this phenomenon. However, no comprehensive theoretical base is available for the subject yet. Therefore, this study aims to formulate an alternative theoretical foundation relying on contextualist worldview capacities. The research has been conducted with descriptive-analytical methodology through the review of contextualist literature. The results of the study in the first step answer the questions about the origin, philosophical background, evolution process, approaches, and dimensions of contextualism. In the next step, the research developed a new reading of contextualism to be a suitable theoretical framework for informal urbanism studies. This reading explains informal urbanism relying on multiple ontologies, pragmatic and plural epistemology, mixed methodology, and inclusive-flexible analytical framework. In the theoretical dimension, the results have revealed the reductionism of the view promoting contextualism in urbanism, so have reformulated and customized it to explain informal development. In the scientific dimension, moreover, it proposed the reading of suitable policymaking for urban managers regarding the informal settlements. Such a platform is based on accepting contextual (local) realities and avoiding the mostly negative metanarratives. تفاصيل المقالة

As the most human subject of architecture, housing and residential environments meet various needs of people and provide peace, health, nurture, and self-improvement [1]. Housing must be flexible to the circumstances growing or moving families face. Providing housing in worn-out urban fabrics deals with particular conditions. The Shaheed Maghoul Neighborhood is one of the worn-out fabrics of District 6 of Mashhad, where ethnic diversity can be witnessed. There are numerous non-Mashhadi individuals who did not build their houses and were forced to choose the pre-built residential units for living. The failure of the residential units to fulfill the needs of the residents through different stages of life brings about population relocation, followed by identity loss of the fabric. Flexibility is a proper response to solve housing in worn-out fabrics. In this study, which uses an applied objective and analytical methods, flexible housing provision strategies were initially identified. Next, the preferences of people of various ethnicities for changes to improve living conditions were introduced through a survey method in the study area. Considering the type of life stage people were in, strategies regarding flexibility were identified. According to research results, the cultural characteristics of people living in the urban fabric favor different strategies to meet housing needs in all life periods. Thus, to decrease housing problems in worn-out urban fabrics, attention to cultural and ethnic differences will be fundamental to the effectiveness of the design. However, the divisibility of units in worn-out urban fabrics is suggested among all flexibility strategies. In general, the research results can serve as a guide to enhancing housing quality in worn-out fabrics. تفاصيل المقالة

in recent years, public participation as a comprehensive strategy for confronting the spread of cities to achieve smart growth in many developed countries was employed. the main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of participatory planning in residential neighborhoods in order to achieve smart growth and sub - objectives of this research is to develop criteria and sub criteria for realization of smart growth and participatory planning and study the role of participatory planning in order to achieve smart growth in veteran’s neighborhood. this research is an applied research in terms of purpose is descriptive _ analytical. the theoretical framework of this research was carried out using documentary and library studies. in fact, in this research efforts have been made to achieve macro goals, all stakeholders and stakeholders and decide for the future of the city, which will lead to programs and executive plans. the main part of the information of this research was evaluated through questionnaire distribution in order to know citizens ' perception of their living environment as well as gathering of social, economic and ect. the method of sampling was random and the sample size was calculated using cochran 's software. in this study, we used frequency distribution table, T - Test and chi-squre test. Also its taken advantage of shannon entropy model for analyzing smart growth;And its paid attention to determining prioritization of indicators and research components from authorities,citizens and specialists point of view.The approach that has been suggested for enhancing participation in regions for accessing to smart growth consists of awareness, social interaction, benefiting from private organizations,confidence and empowerment.Also its inferring that the physical development of the region is occurred as horizontal (spiral) in years 2011 to 2016, based on data and the amounts obtained from the result of shannon entropy model. تفاصيل المقالة

Currently, sustainability has become a significant issue in urban revisions due to the consequences of unequal urban development. In order to increase the sustainability in a city, the criteria of sustainable development should be considered for neighborhoods as the main module of a city. Neighborhoods’ sustainable development includes various dimensions which are required for recognizing and defining the indicators and their priorities. Consciousness about operative factors of residential neighborhoods and their priorities, provides a foundation for sustainable development of a city. The objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the major factors in the field of residential neighborhoods’ sustainability. In order to achieve this aim, two districts were taken as case studies: one with historical background and organic urban fabric (Sarab area) and the other one with modern society and gridline urban fabric (Sajjad area) that have different physical, economic, and social contexts. Their overall conditions have a significant role in the resolution of sustainability criteria. The research method of this paper is descriptive-analytical; information was collected using 310 questionnaires filled by individuals who are the residents of the neighborhoods. The calculation process (factor analysis) was carried out for five main features consisting of economic, social, environmental, physical, and managerial. تفاصيل المقالة

اخیرا افزایش جمعیت علت اولیه‌ی گسترش سریع شهرها محسوب می‌شود، لیکن پراکندگی نامعقول آن اثرات نامطلوبی بر محیط طبیعی و فرهنگی جوامع می‌گذارد.برنامه‌ریزی مشارکتی(CDS) به همراه رشد هوشمند شهری که هر دو عوامل به عنوان الگوهای نوین برنامه‌ریزی شهری، جهت ساماندهی به روند توسعه‌ی شهرها و پاسخی در برابر رشد پراکنده‌ی شهری می‌باشد که در مقاله حاضر به آن پرداخته شده است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت از نوع توصیفی_تحلیلی می‌باشد.چارچوب نظری این پژوهش با استفاده از بررسی اسنادی و مطالعات میدانی در محدوده انجام شد.در واقع در این پژوهش سعی می‌شود برای دستیابی به اهداف کلان،همه‌ی ذینفعان،ذینفوذان به نوعی گردهم آمده و برای آینده شهر تصمیم بگیرند،که در ادامه تبدیل به برنامه‌ها و طرح‌های اجرایی منجر شود.قسمت عمده اطلاعات این تحقیق از طریق توزیع پرسشنامه به منظور شناخت ادراک شهروندان از محیط زندگی خود و همچنین جمع‌آوری اطلاعات اجتماعی،اقتصادی و... به صورت میدانی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفته است.روش نمونه گیری تصادفی بوده است و حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول تصادفی معادل 138 نفر محاسبه شده است،در این پژوهش جهت بررسی اطلاعات آماری حاکی از پرسشنامه با استفاده از نرم افزارSPSS،از جدول توزیع فراوانی،آزمون کای‌اسکوئر و آزمون T-Testاستفاده گردید،همچنین برای تحلیل رشد هوشمند در محدوده از مدل آنتروپی شانون بهره گرفته شده و در نهایت با استفاده از مدل ANPبه تعیین الویت بندی شاخص‌ها و مولفه‌های تحقیق از نظر مسئولین،شهروندان و متخصصین پرداخته شده است.از جمله راهکارهایی که برای تقویت مشارکت‌پذیری در محلات جهت دستیابی به رشد هوشمند پیشنهاد گردیده است عبارتند از: آگاهی‌رسانی،تعامل اجتماعی،به کارگیری سازمان‌های غیردولتی،اعتمادسازی و توانمندسازی می‌باشد،همچنین بر اساس اطلاعات و مقادیر به دست آمده از نتایج مدل آنتروپی شانون چنین استنباط می‌شود که در سال‌های 1395-1390 رشد فیزیکی محله به صورت افقی (اسپرال) صورت گرفته است. تفاصيل المقالة

فضای زیست انسان را مجموعه‌ای از عوامل فیزیکی و غیرفیزیکی دربرمی‌گیرد. علی‌رغم پیچیدگیهای زندگی امروزه، تجربه حسی مطلوب بناها و برقراری ارتباط عاطفی و معنایی با آن که همان اتمسفر بناست، در بسیاری از فضاهای انسان‌ساخت معاصر مورد بی‌توجهی قرارگرفته‌است. معماری دررابطه بنا و کاربرانش شکل‌می‌گیرد و اتمسفر با ایجاد زبانی مشترک و فهمی دو طرفه میان آن‌دو، تقویت‌کننده این ارتباط است. اغلب مطالعات موجود در این خصوص با دیدگاهی پدیدارشناسانه، بیشتر بعد معنایی و ذهنی کاربران پرداخته‌اند. اما این تحقیق با نگاهی ساختارشناسانه در جستجوی معیارها و ابزارهایی برای معماران است تا با استفاده در روند طراحی معماری، بتوانند بناهایی دارای حیات و روح بیافرینند. در این مسیر با توجه به اینکه اتمسفر معماری ناشی از کلیتی یکپارچه است، روش تقویت ساختار الکساندر میتواند در روند تامین الگوی اتمسفری راهبر باشد. جهت تبیین مساله پژوهش، از روش نظریه پردازی داده‌بنیاد متنی استفاده‌شده‌است. از نظر هدف کاربردی و توسعه‌ای می‌باشد. به‌روش مطالعات اسنادی, پس از بررسی منابع مرتبط، دسته‌بندی و تدقیق نظریات با شورای خبرگان, نظریات 25 اندیشمند با رویکرد ساختاری انتخاب‌شدند. داده‌ها به‌صورت کدگذاری باز شامل 93 مشخصه و در کدگذاری محوری 9 کد و در کدگذاری انتخابی 7 مقوله دسته‌بندی‌شدند. در نرم افزار10 MAXQDAداده‌ها کدگذاری شده و باتوجه به اشتراک و میزان تکرار کدها انتخاب‌‌شدند. نتیجۀ مطالعات نشان‌داد اتمسفرها در بنای معماری با مجموعه عوامل ساختاری، کالبدی و مجموعه مفاهیم نامرئی بسیار موثر یا همان شبه‌چیزها ایجادمی‌شوند که در تاثیر و تاثراتی که باهم و بر هم در فضای معماری می‌گذارند، مخاطب را بسته به دریچه‌ها و توانایی های حسی و ادراکی‌اش تحت‌تاثیر قرار‌می‌دهند. معیارهای کالبدی بیشتر از عملکردیها در تحقیقات اتمسفری موجود پرتکرار بوده اما در بین شاخصه‌ها، مهمترین و پرتکرارترین، کلیت یکپارچه عنوان‌شده‌است. معماری اتمسفری کلیتی هم افزاست که اثرات بهینه‌ای بر رفاه، سلامت و سرزندگی داشته ومی‌تواند منجر به افزایش کیفیت زندگی شود. تفاصيل المقالة