بررسی مقایسه‌ای میزان کادمیوم و جذب هفتگی آن در برنج‌های وارداتی و ایرانی
الموضوعات :
1 - دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: کادمیوم, برنج ایرانی, برنج وارداتی, جذب هفتگی قابل تحمل,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف اینمطالعهبررسیمقایسه‌ای میزانکادمیوم و جذب هفتگی آن در نمونه‌های برنج وارداتیبابرنجکشتشدهدرشهرستان‌هایبروجردواصفهاندرسال 1390 بود. به‌این منظورتعداد 30 نوعبرنج وارداتی از کشور هندو 5 نوعبرنجایرانیعرضه شدهدربازارمصرفشهرهای تهران و همداننمونه‌گیریشدند. غلظت تجمع یافتهکادمیوم در نمونه ها پس از فرآیند هضم اسیدی،با استفادهازدستگاهنشر اتمیقرائتگردید. بر اساس نتایج مطالعه، میانگینغلظتفلزکادمیومدر نمونه‌های برنج وارداتیµg/kg54/19±60/107وزنخشکو در نمونه‌های برنج کشت داخل µg/kg 55/12 ± 70/44 وزنخشکبود. مقایسه میانگین غلظتکادمیومدربرنج‌‌های وارداتیوایرانی با استاندارد سازمان‌های بهداشت جهانی و خواربار و کشاورزی ملل متحد، غلظت آلودگی را کمتر از حد مجاز مربوطه نشان داد. هم‌چنینمتوسطجذبهفتگیفلزکادمیومازبرنج‌هایوارداتیوایرانیبه‌ترتیب07/2 و 86/0 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم وزنبدندرهفته و کمتر از حد مجاز WHO/FAOبرآورد شد. لذا طبق یافته‌های این مطالعه، مصرف برنج‌های وارداتی و داخلی مشکل بهداشتی برای مصرف‌کنندگان به‌همراه نخواهند داشت، اما تجمع این عنصر در بافت‌های حساس بدن می‌تواند به مرور زمان موجب بروز مشکلاتی برای سلامتی مصرف‌کنندگان گردد.
المصادر:
پیرزاده، مهناز؛ افیونی، مجید و خوشگفتارمنش، امیرحسین (1391). وضعیت روی و کادمیوم در خاک‌های شالیزاری و برنج استان های اصفهان، فارس و خوزستان و تاثیر آنها بر امنیت غذایی، مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی (علوم آب و خاک)، سال شانزدهم، شماره 60، صفحات: 93-81.
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Adriano, D.C. (1992). Biogeochemistry of Trace Metals, Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis, pp: 109-158.
Afshar, M., Ghazaei, S. and Saad, E. (2000). Determination of cadmium in Amol and Thailand rice, 4th International Iranian Congress on Poisoning, Theran, Iran.
Al-Saleh, I. and Shinwari, N. (2001). Report on the levels of cadmium, lead, and mercury in imported rice grain samples. Biological Trace Element Research, 83(1): 91-96.
ASTM. (2000). Annual Book of ASTM standards, water and Environmental technology. Standard Guide for preparation of Biological samples for inorganic chemical Analysis, Vol. 11(1): D 4638-95a.
Bakhtiarian, A., Gholipour, M. and Ghazi-Khansari, M. (2001). Lead and cadmium content of korbal rice in Northern Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 30(3-4): 129-132.
Bhattacharya, P., Samal, A.C., Majumdar, J. and Santra, S.C. (2010). Accumulation of arsenic and its distribution in rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) in Gangetic West Bengal, India. Paddy and Water Environment, 8(1): 63-70.
Fu, J., Zhou, Q., Liu, J., Liu, W., Wang, T., Zhang, Q. and Jiang, G. (2008). High levels of heavy metals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) from a typical E-waste recycling area in southeast China and its potential risk to human health. Chemosphere, 71: 1269-1275.
Hedayatifar, R., falahi, E. and birjandi, M. (2011). Determination of Cadmium and Lead levels in high consumed rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivated in Lorestan province and its comparison with national standards, Quarterly Research Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 12(4): 22-15. [in Persian]
Ikeda, M., Watanabe, T., Moon, C-S., Koizumi, A., Fujita, H. and Nakatsuka, H. (1989). Dietary intake of lead among Japanese farmers. Archives of Environmental Health, 44: 23-7.
Jarvis, S.C., Jones, L.P.H. and Hopper, M.J. (1976). Cadmium uptake from solutions by plants and its transport from roots to shoots. Plant and Soil, 44: 179-191.
Lin, H.T., Wong, S.S. and Li, G.C. Heavy metal content of rice and shellfish in Taiwan. Food and Drug Analysis. 2004; 12(2):167-74.
Lin, H.T., Wong, SS. and Li, G.C. (2004). Heavy metal content of rice and Shellfish in Taiwan. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 12(2): 167-174.
McLaughlin, M.J., Tiller, K.G. and Singh, B.R. (1999). Cadmium in soils and plants, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Moon, C.S., Zhang, Z.W., Shimbo, S. and Ikeda, M. (1995). Dietary intake of cadmium and lead among general population in Republic of Korea. Environmental Research, 71: 46-54.
Pirzadeh1, M., Afyuni, M. and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. (2012). Status of Zinc and Cadmium in Paddy Soils and Rice in Isfahan, Fars and Khuzestan Provinces and their Effect on Food Security, Journal of Science & Technology Agricultural & Natural Resource, Water and Soil Scicene, 16(60) : 93-81. [in Persian]
Rahman, M.A., Hasegawa, H., Rahman, M.M., Miah, M.A.M. and Tasmin, A. (2008). Arsenic accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Human exposure through food chain. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 69: 317-324.
Rivail, I.F., Koyama, H. and Suzuk, S. (1990). Cadmium content in rice and its intake in various countries. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 44: 910-916.
Shimbo, S., Watabe, T., Zhang, Z.W. and Ikeda, M. (2001). Cadmium and Lead contents in rice and other cereal products in Japan in 1998-2000. Science of the Total Environment, 281: 165-175.
Shokrzadeh, M., Paran-Davaji, M. and Shaki, F. (2013). Study of the Amount of Pb, Cd and Cr in Imported Indian Rice to Iran and Tarom rice Produced in the Province of Golestan. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science, 23(109): 115-123. [in Persian]
Shokrzadeh, M., Rokni, M.A. and Galstvan. (2013). Lead, Cadmium, and Chromium Concentrations in Irrigation Supply of/and Tarom Rice in Central Cities of Mazandaran Province-Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science, 23(98): 234-242. [in Persian]
Watanable, T., Nakatsuka, H. and Ikedam, M. (1989). Cadmium and lead contents in rice available in various areas of Asia. Science of the Total Environment, 80: 175-184.
Watanable, T., Shimbo, S., Moon, C.S., Zhang, Z.W. and Ikeda, M. (1996). Cadmium Contents in rice samples from various areas in the world. Science of the Total Environment, 184: 191-196.
WHO (1992). International programme on chemical safety, Environment Health criteria, No. 134. Cadmium, Geneva.
WHO (2004). Joint FAO/WHO Expert standards programme codex Alimentations commission, Geneva, Switzerland, available in the: http://www.who.int.
Yap, D.W., Adezrian, J., Khairiah, J., Ismail, B.S. and Ahmad-Mahir, R. (2009). The uptake of heavy metals by paddy plants (Oryza sativa) in Kota Marudu, Sabah, Malaysia. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 6(1): 16-19.
Zazouli, A.Z., Shokrzadeh, M., Izanloo, H. and Fathi, S. (2008). Cadmium content in rice and its daily intake in Ghaemshahr region of Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(20): 3686-3689.
Zhong, J., Yu, M., Liu, L., Chen, Y., Hu, R. and Gong, W. (2006). Study on the dietary nutrition intake level in Zhejiang Province. Dis Surveillance, 21(12): 670-672.
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Adriano, D.C. (1992). Biogeochemistry of Trace Metals, Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis, pp: 109-158.
Afshar, M., Ghazaei, S. and Saad, E. (2000). Determination of cadmium in Amol and Thailand rice, 4th International Iranian Congress on Poisoning, Theran, Iran.
Al-Saleh, I. and Shinwari, N. (2001). Report on the levels of cadmium, lead, and mercury in imported rice grain samples. Biological Trace Element Research, 83(1): 91-96.
ASTM. (2000). Annual Book of ASTM standards, water and Environmental technology. Standard Guide for preparation of Biological samples for inorganic chemical Analysis, Vol. 11(1): D 4638-95a.
Bakhtiarian, A., Gholipour, M. and Ghazi-Khansari, M. (2001). Lead and cadmium content of korbal rice in Northern Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 30(3-4): 129-132.
Bhattacharya, P., Samal, A.C., Majumdar, J. and Santra, S.C. (2010). Accumulation of arsenic and its distribution in rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) in Gangetic West Bengal, India. Paddy and Water Environment, 8(1): 63-70.
Fu, J., Zhou, Q., Liu, J., Liu, W., Wang, T., Zhang, Q. and Jiang, G. (2008). High levels of heavy metals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) from a typical E-waste recycling area in southeast China and its potential risk to human health. Chemosphere, 71: 1269-1275.
Hedayatifar, R., falahi, E. and birjandi, M. (2011). Determination of Cadmium and Lead levels in high consumed rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivated in Lorestan province and its comparison with national standards, Quarterly Research Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 12(4): 22-15. [in Persian]
Ikeda, M., Watanabe, T., Moon, C-S., Koizumi, A., Fujita, H. and Nakatsuka, H. (1989). Dietary intake of lead among Japanese farmers. Archives of Environmental Health, 44: 23-7.
Jarvis, S.C., Jones, L.P.H. and Hopper, M.J. (1976). Cadmium uptake from solutions by plants and its transport from roots to shoots. Plant and Soil, 44: 179-191.
Lin, H.T., Wong, S.S. and Li, G.C. Heavy metal content of rice and shellfish in Taiwan. Food and Drug Analysis. 2004; 12(2):167-74.
Lin, H.T., Wong, SS. and Li, G.C. (2004). Heavy metal content of rice and Shellfish in Taiwan. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 12(2): 167-174.
McLaughlin, M.J., Tiller, K.G. and Singh, B.R. (1999). Cadmium in soils and plants, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Moon, C.S., Zhang, Z.W., Shimbo, S. and Ikeda, M. (1995). Dietary intake of cadmium and lead among general population in Republic of Korea. Environmental Research, 71: 46-54.
Pirzadeh1, M., Afyuni, M. and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. (2012). Status of Zinc and Cadmium in Paddy Soils and Rice in Isfahan, Fars and Khuzestan Provinces and their Effect on Food Security, Journal of Science & Technology Agricultural & Natural Resource, Water and Soil Scicene, 16(60) : 93-81. [in Persian]
Rahman, M.A., Hasegawa, H., Rahman, M.M., Miah, M.A.M. and Tasmin, A. (2008). Arsenic accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Human exposure through food chain. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 69: 317-324.
Rivail, I.F., Koyama, H. and Suzuk, S. (1990). Cadmium content in rice and its intake in various countries. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 44: 910-916.
Shimbo, S., Watabe, T., Zhang, Z.W. and Ikeda, M. (2001). Cadmium and Lead contents in rice and other cereal products in Japan in 1998-2000. Science of the Total Environment, 281: 165-175.
Shokrzadeh, M., Paran-Davaji, M. and Shaki, F. (2013). Study of the Amount of Pb, Cd and Cr in Imported Indian Rice to Iran and Tarom rice Produced in the Province of Golestan. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science, 23(109): 115-123. [in Persian]
Shokrzadeh, M., Rokni, M.A. and Galstvan. (2013). Lead, Cadmium, and Chromium Concentrations in Irrigation Supply of/and Tarom Rice in Central Cities of Mazandaran Province-Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science, 23(98): 234-242. [in Persian]
Watanable, T., Nakatsuka, H. and Ikedam, M. (1989). Cadmium and lead contents in rice available in various areas of Asia. Science of the Total Environment, 80: 175-184.
Watanable, T., Shimbo, S., Moon, C.S., Zhang, Z.W. and Ikeda, M. (1996). Cadmium Contents in rice samples from various areas in the world. Science of the Total Environment, 184: 191-196.
WHO (1992). International programme on chemical safety, Environment Health criteria, No. 134. Cadmium, Geneva.
WHO (2004). Joint FAO/WHO Expert standards programme codex Alimentations commission, Geneva, Switzerland, available in the: http://www.who.int.
Yap, D.W., Adezrian, J., Khairiah, J., Ismail, B.S. and Ahmad-Mahir, R. (2009). The uptake of heavy metals by paddy plants (Oryza sativa) in Kota Marudu, Sabah, Malaysia. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 6(1): 16-19.
Zazouli, A.Z., Shokrzadeh, M., Izanloo, H. and Fathi, S. (2008). Cadmium content in rice and its daily intake in Ghaemshahr region of Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(20): 3686-3689.
Zhong, J., Yu, M., Liu, L., Chen, Y., Hu, R. and Gong, W. (2006). Study on the dietary nutrition intake level in Zhejiang Province. Dis Surveillance, 21(12): 670-672.
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