بررسی و مقایسه غلظت فلزات سنگین (نیکل، سرب، کادمیوم و روی) در عضله ماهیان شوریده، حلوا سیاه، شیر و کوتر در منطقه چابهار در فصل تابستان
الموضوعات :الهام شهری 1 , نعمت اله خراسانی 2 , غلامرضا نوری 3 , فردوس کرد مصطفی پور 4 , محمد ولایت زاده 5
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آلودگی محیطزیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه محیطزیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
4 - استادیار مرکز تحقیقات ارتقای سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران
5 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: ماهی, فلزات سنگین, عضله, چابهار, ارزیابی خطر,
ملخص المقالة :
فلزات سنگین از آلاینده هایی هستند که در اکوسیستم های آبی مشکلات بسیاری را برای آبزیان و درنهایت برای انسان ایجاد می کنند. این پژوهش در سال 1392 به‌منظور تعیین میزان فلزات سنگین نیکل، سرب، کادمیوم و روی در عضله ماهیان شوریده، حلوا سیاه، شیر و کوتر منطقه چابهار انجام شد. 96 نمونه ماهی از صیدگاه بندر چابهار از دو منطقه ساحلی و دریایی تهیه شد. جهت استخراج فلزات از بافت های موردمطالعه، از روش هضم مرطوب استفاده شد و تعیین غلظت فلزات سنگین به‌وسیله دستگاه جذب اتمیYounglin AAS8020 صورت پذیرفت. میزان کادمیوم در ماهی حلوا سیاه (0450/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) نسبت به گونه های دیگر بالاتر بود. همچنین پایین ترین میزان این عنصر در ماهی شوریده و شیر (0150/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) به دست آمد. میزان سرب در ماهی کوتر (0125/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) نسبت به گونه های دیگر پایین تر بود. میزان نیکل در ماهی کوتر (1800/4 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) نسبت به گونه های دیگر بالاتر به دست آمد. پایین ترین میزان این عنصر در ماهی شیر (0150/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) بود. میزان روی در ماهی کوتر (5450/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) نسبت به گونه های دیگر بالاتر بود. پایین ترین میزان این عنصر در ماهی شیر (0150/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) مشاهده شد. میزان فلز کادمیوم، سرب و روی در مقایسه با آستانه استانداردهای جهانی سازمان غذا و کشاورزی، سازمان بهداشت جهانی، وزارت کشاورزی شیلات انگلستان و انجمن ملی بهداشت و سلامت استرالیا و سازمان غذا و داروی امریکا پایین تر بود. غلظت نیکل در عضله ماهی کوتر در مقایسه با استانداردهای جهانی بیشتر به دست آمد.با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، میزان فلزات سنگین موجود در عضله ماهیان موردمطالعه هیچ گونه خطری برای مصرف انسان در برندارد.
المصادر:
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· Agah, H., Leermakers, M., Elskens, M., Fatemi, S. M. R. and Baeyens, W. (2009). Accumulation of trace metals in the muscle and liver tissues of five species from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 157: 499-514.
· Ahmad, A.K. and Shuhaimi-Othman, M. (2010). Heavy metal concentration in sediments and fishes from Lake Chini, Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of Biological Sciences, 10 (2): 93-100.
· Ahmadi Kordestani, Z., Hamidian, A., Hosseini, S.V. and Ashrafi, S. (2013). Risk assessment of mercury due to consumption of edible aquatic species. Journal of Marine Biology, 5 (17): 63-70 [in Persian].
· Al-Yousuf, M.H., El-Shahawi, M.S. and Al-Ghais, S.M. (2000). Trace metals in liver, skin and muscle of Lethrinus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex. Journal of Sciences Total Environment, 256: 87-94.
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· AOAC. (1995). Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists, INC., Arlington, Virginia, USA.
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· Askary Sary, A., Javahery Baboli, M., Mahjob, S. and Velayatzadeh, M. (2012). The comparison of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb) in the muscle of Otolithes ruber in Abadan and Bandar Abbas Ports, the Persian Gulf. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 21 (3): 99-106 [in Persian].
· AskarySary, A. and Velayatzadeh, M. (2013). Bioaccumulation Lead and Zinc metals in the liver and muscle of Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus frisii kuttom and Liza auratus. Journal of Food Hygiene, 3 (1): 89-107 [in Persian].
· Askary Sary, A. and Velayatzadeh, M. (2014) a. Heavy metals in aquatics. Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Publication, 1st Edition, pp. 380. [In Persian].
· Askary Sary, A. and Velayatzadeh, M. (2014) b. Determination of lead and zinc in king mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) and Tiger-toothed Croaker (Otolithes ruber) from Persian Gulf, Iran in 2001 and 2011. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 5(1): 322-329.
· Bellassoued, K., Hamza, A., Pelt, J. and Elfeki, A. (2013). Seasonal variation of Sarpa salpa fish toxicity, as related to phytoplankton consumption, accumulation of heavy metals, lipids peroxidation level in fish tissues and toxicity upon mice.Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185: 1137–1150.
· Canli, M. and Atli, G. (2003). The relationship between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 121: 129-136.
· Cheraghi, M., Pourkhabbaz, H. and Noriaei, M.H. (2012). Risk assessment of cadmium in Barbus grypus from Arvand River. Journal of Wetland Eco biology, 4 (13): 75-82 [in Persian].
· Cheraghi, M., Spergham, A. and Javanmardi, S. 2013. Determination of Mercury Concentration in Liza abu from Karoon River. Journal of MazandaranUniversityofMedical Sciences, 23 (103): 105-113 [in Persian].
· Chien, L.C., Hung, T.C., Choang, K.Y., Yeh, C.Y., Meng, P.J., Shieh M.J., et al. (2002). Daily intake of TBT, Cu, Zn, Cd and As for fishermen in Taiwan. Journal of Science Total Environment, 285 (1-3): 177-185.
· Coulibaly, S., Celestin Atse, B., Mathias Koffi, K., Sylla, S., Justin Konan, K. and Joel Kouassi, N. (2012). Seasonal Accumulations of Some Heavy Metal in Water, Sediment and Tissues of Black-Chinned Tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron from Bietri Bay in Ebrie Lagoon, Ivory Coast. Bulletin of Environmental ContaminationandToxicology, 88: 571–576.
· Derrag, Z., Dali, Y. and Mesli, L. (2014). Seasonal Variations Of Heavy Metals In Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758) Collected From Sikkak Dam Of Tlemcen (Algeria).Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4 (1): 1-8.
· Dixon, H., Gil, A., Gubala, C., Lasorsa, B., Crecelius, E. and Curtis L.R. (1996). Heavy metal accumulation in sediment and freshwater fish in U.S. Arctic Lakes. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16 (4): 733 P.
· El-Safy, M.K. and Al-Ghannam, M.L. (1996). Studies on some heavy metal pollutants in fish of El-Manzala Lake. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Food Borne Contamination and Egyptians Health, Mansoura. November, 26-27: 151-180.
· Elsagh, A. (2012). Determination of Zinc, Copper, Cobalt and manganese intensity in Rutilus frisii kutum and Cyprinus carpio fishes of Caspian Sea. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 13 (4): 107-113 [in Persian].
· Esmaili Sari, A. (2002). Pollution, Health and Environmental Standards. Naghshmehr Publisher. Tehran, pp. 767. [In Persian].
· Esmaili-Sari, A., Abdollahzadeh, E., Joorabian Shooshtari, S. and Ghasempouri, S.M. (2011). Fish consumption limit for mercury compounds. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 1 (2): 24-31 [in Persian].
· Farhadi, A., Yavari, V. and Salari Aliabadi, M.A. (2013). Concentration of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Greater Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) from Hendijan Port- Persian Gulf. Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 2 (1): 71-80 [in Persian].
· Glushankova, M.A. and Pashkova, I.M. (1992). Heavy metal in the tissue of fish from the Pskovsko chudskoe and Vyrts yoru lakes. Journal of Tsitologiya, 34 (3): 46-50.
· Gorji Pour, E., Sadogh Nayeri, A., Hosseini, A.R. and Bita, S. (2009). The survey some of heavy metals accumulation in tissues of muscle, liver and gill of grouper. Iranian Science Fisheries Journal, 19 (2): 85-94 [in Persian].
· Hantoush, A.A., Al-Najare, G.A., Amteghy, A.H., Al-Saad, H.T. and Abd Ali, K. (2012). Seasonal variations of some trace elements concentrations in Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Consolidated from farms in central Iraq. Marsh Bulletin, 7 (2): 126-136.
· Heath, A.G. (1987). Water pollution and fish physiology. (2nd Ed.). CRC. Press. Boston, USA. 245 P.
· Humtsoe, N., Davoodi, R., Kulkarni, B.G. and Chavan, B. (2007). Effect of arsenic on the enzymes of the robu carp, Labio rohita, Raffles. Bulletin of Zoology, 14: 17-19.
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· Jalali Jafari, B. and Aghazadeh Meshgi, M. (2007). Fish intoxication by heavy metals its significance on public health. Man Ketab Press, ed1, Tehran, Iran 134p [in Persian].
· Laimanso, R.Y., Cheung, R.Y. and Chan, K.W. (1999). Metal concentrations in the tissues of Rabbitfish (Siganus oramin) collected from Tolo Harbour and Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong. Journal of Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39: 234.
· Mardoukhi, S., Hosseini, S.V. and Hosseini, S.M. (2013). Risk to consumers from mercury in croaker (Otolithes ruber), from the Mahshahr port. Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 2 (3): 43-55 [in Persian].
· Mohammad Nabzadeh, S. and Pour Khabaz, A. (2013). Biomonitoring of heavy metals of fish tissues in Khamir and Laft ports of Hormozgan Province. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 9 (1): 64-75 [in Persian].
· Mormedoe, S. and Davies, I.M. (2001). Heavy metal concentration in commercial deep-see fish from the Rock all Trough. Continental Shelf Research, 21: 899-916.
· Mortazavi, M., Sharifian, S. and Aghajari, N. (2013). Risk estimation of heavy metals from consumption of silver pomfret and tiger tooth croaker in Hormozagan Province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 22 (2): 127-136 [in Persian].
· Newman, M.C. and Unger, M.A. (2003). Fundamentals of eco toxicology. CRC Press, 458 P.
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