بررسی میزان آلودگی فلزات سنگین سرب، کادمیوم و آرسنیک موجود در نمونه برنج پرمصرف عنبربو در مناطقی از استان خوزستان
الموضوعات :
بنیامین شیرزاد
1
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد سوادکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سوادکوه، ایران)
نازنین خاکی پور
2
(استادیارگروه کشاورزی، واحد سوادکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سوادکوه، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: اسپکتروفتومترICP, آرسنیک, برنج, سرب, کادمیوم,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: آلودگی فلزات سنگین یکی از مشکلات مهم زیست محیطی و یکی از نگرانی های بهداشت موادغذایی به شمار می آید. برنج، به ویژه برنج سفید اساسی ترین غذا در رژیم غذایی افراد مختلف از جمله در کشورهای آسیایی و دومین غذای پرمصرف در بین مردم ایران است.مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه به منظور کنترل و تعیین غلظت کادمیوم، سرب و آرسنیک در نمونه برنج عنبربو در مناطقی از استان خوزستان انجام شد. برای این منظور، 7 نمونه از برنج عنبربو به همراه خاک مورد کشت تهیه گردید و پس از آماده سازی، سنجش غلظت های کادمیوم، سرب و آرسنیک با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر ICP انجام شد. پس از جمع آوری داده ها بوسیله نرم افزار آماری SPSS آنالیز و سپس با استاندارد ملی مقایسه شدند.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین غلظت کادمیوم، سرب و آرسنیک در نمونه‌های برنج به ترتیب 0292/0 ، 0075/0 و 0072/0 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم و همچنین میانگین غلظت این عناصر در خاک مورد آزمون به ترتیب فوق 0071/0، 09/187و110/16 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم بر مبنای وزن خشک بود. تفاوت معنی داری میان غلظت کادمیوم، سرب و آرسنیک در نمونه های برنج مشاهده گردید (p<0.05). میانگین غلظت فلزات ذکر شده در نمونه های برنج به طور قابل توجهی کمتر از مقادیر تایید شده موسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران بود.نتیجه گیری: نتایج بیانگر آن است که میزان آلودگی به انواع فلزات سنگین در حد قابل قبول است و تفاوت اندک در مقدار فلزات سنگین احتمالا به عوامل متعددی چون وضعیت جغرافیایی منطقه کشت، ویژگی خاک و وضعیت صنعتی منطقه بستگی دارد. پس از بررسی نتایج به دست آمده از خاک و برنج های نمونه برداری شده مشاهده شد، ارتباط مستقیم و معناداری در میزان فلزات سنگین موجود در نمونه خاک و برنج رشد یافته در آن وجود دارد.
Alloway, B. J. (2012). Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and Their Bioavailability. Springer. Berlin.
Arao, T., Kawasaki, A., Mori, S. & Baba, K. (2010). Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil and countermeasures in Japan. Paddy Water Environmental, 8, 47–257.
Ashja Ardalan, A., Salimi, L. & Khodadai, V. (2008) Determination of heavy metals (Hg, As, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd) in fish muscle tissue and sediments of Babolrood river, the first national conference on environmental protection and planning [In Persian].
Atafar, Z., Mesdaghinia, A., Nouri, J., Homaee, M., Yunesian, M. & Ahmadimoghaddam, M. (2010). Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration. Environmental Monitoring Assess, 160(1), 83-89.
Bakhtiarian, A., Gholipour, M. & Ghazi- Khansari, M. (2001). Lead and cadmium content of korbal rice in Northern Iran. Iranian Journal Public Health, 30 (3-4), 129-132.
Banitahmasb, G. & Khakipour, N. (2017) Cadmium Contamination in Rice Cultivation in Savadkooh Region, North of Iran. Open
Journal of Soil Science, 7, 69-76. doi: 10.4236/ojss.2017.73005.
Bin, G. C. H., Wenbin, T., Mingxing, X., Chunlei, H., Hanqin, Y., Yicheng, L. & Qinglin, F. (2020). Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in a soil-rice system: a case study in the Jin-Qu Basin of China. 11490. nature communications.
Brent Clothier, R. B., Bolan, N.S., Mahimairaja, S., Greven, M., Moni, Ch. & Marchetti, M. (2004). Arsenic in the New Zealand environment. Australian New Zealand Soils Conference, 5-9 December, University of Sydney, Australia. [CDROM].
Budaghi, H., Younesian, M., Mahvi, A. H., Mohammadi, M. A., Dehghani, M. H. & Nazmara, Sh. (2011). Investigation of arsenic, cadmium and lead in soil and groundwater and its relationship with chemical fertilizer in paddy soil. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 21, 20-28 [In Persian].
Emam, Y. (2004). Cereal cultivation. Shiraz University Press. Investigation of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in soil and groundwater and its relationship with chemical fertilizer in paddy soil [In Persian].
Gharachoorloo, M., Zulfiqar, A., Bayat, M. & Bahrami, F. (2019). Arsenic tracking in Iranian rice: Analysis of agricultural soil and water, unpolished rice and white rice. Journal of Food Biosciences and Technology, 9(1),19-34.
Hu, Y., Cheng, H. & Tao, S. (2016). The challenges and solutions for cadmium-contaminated rice in China: A critical review. Environmental International, 92–93, 515–532.
Jarup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Brit Med Bull. 68(1), 167.
Jung, M. C., Yun, S. T. & Lee, J. S. (2005). Baseline study on essential and trace elements in polished rice. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 27, 455.
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2000). Trace elements in soils and plants, 3rd edn. Newyork: CRC Press.
Kim, K. & Thornton, I. (1993). Influence of uraniferous black shales on cadmium, molybdenum and selenium in soils and crop plants in the Deog-Pyoun-g area of Korea. Environmental Geochemistry Health, 15, 119–133.
Lee, C. S., Li, X. & Shi, W. (2006). Metal contamination in urban, suburban, and country park soils of Hong.
Luo, L., Ma, Y., Zhang, S., Wei, D. & Zhu, Y. (2009). An inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China. Journal Environmental Management, 90, 2524–2530.
McCauley, A., Jones, C. & Jacobsen, J. (2009). Commercial fertilizers and soil amendments. Nutrition. Manage Module, 10, 4449-4410.
Malakooti, M. (1998). Achievements of Soil and Water Research Institute on Manure Manufacturing in Iran. Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran-Iran [In Persian].
Sparks, D. L., Page, A. G., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, Johnston, C. T. & Sumner, M. E. (1996). Methods of soil analysis, The Soil Science Society of America, Inc., American Society of Agronomy, Inc.
Molina, M., Aburto, F., Calderon, R., Cazanga, M. & Escudey, M. (2009). Trace element composition of selected fertilizers used in Chile: phosphorus fertilizers as a source of long term soil contamination. Taylor & Francis, 18(4), 497-511.
Mosaferi, F., Ahmadi, M., Poor Ramezani, F. & Abedi Arani, M. (2018). Investigation of heavy metal content including lead, arsenic and cadmium in imported rice of Hormozgan province in 2016-2017. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5 (2), 65-73 [In Persian].Mubaraki, A. R., Mirkazahi, A. & Safarzaie, A. (2014). Evaluation of cadmium, lead and arsenic in Pakistani white rice samples in Zahedan, 21st National Congress of Food Science and Technology of Iran, Shiraz University [In Persian].Naqdipour, E. & Fazlara, A. (2017). Comparison of Iranian rice in terms of heavy metals, the 3rd International Conference on Iranian Food Industry, https://civilica.com/doc/810675 [In Persian].
Norton, G. J., Williams, P. N. & Adomako, E. E. (2014). Lead in rice: Analysis of baseline lead levels in market and field collected rice grains. Science of the Total Environment, 485–486, 428–434.
Polizzotto, M. L., Kocar, B. D., Benner, S. G., Sampson, M. & Fendorf, S. (2008). Near-surface wetland sediments as a source of arsenic release to ground water in Asia. Nature, 454(7203), 505-508.
Rezaian Attar, F. & Hesari, J. (2014). Investigation of contamination of high consumption imported rice in Tabriz with metallic contaminants of cadmium, lead and arsenic, Journal of Food Industry Research, 23(4) [In Persian].
Watanabe, T., Shimbo, S., Moon, C. S., Zhang, Z. W. & Ikeda, M. (1996). Cadmium contents in rice samples from various areas in the world. Science of the Total Environment, 184, 191-196.
Zarcinas, B. A., Pongsakul, P., McLaughlin, M. J. & Cozens, G. (2004). Heavy metals in soils and crops in Southeast Asia, Thailand. Environmental Geochemistry Health, 26(4), 359-371.
Zazouli, M. A., Shokrzadeh, M., Izanloo, H. & Fathi, S. (2008). Cadmium content in rice and its daily intake in Ghaemshahr region of Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(20), 3686-3689.
Zazouli, M., Mohseni, A., Ebrahimi, M. & lzanloo, H. (2010). Investigation of Cadmium and Lead contents in Iranian rice cultivated in Babol region, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 22, 2, 1369-1376.
Zeng, F., Mao, Y., Cheng, W., Wu, F. & Zhang, G. (2008). Genotypic and environmental variation in Chromium, Cadmium and Lead concentrations in rice. Environmental Pollution. 153(2), 309-314.
Zhao, K., Fu, W., Ye, Z. & Zhang, C. (2015). Contamination and spatial variation of heavy metals in the soil-rice system in Nanxun County, Southeastern China. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 12(2), 1577-1594.
Zueng, Z. S. (1989). Cadmium and Lead contamination of soils, rice plants, and surface water in Northern Taiwan. Soil and Fertility. in Taiwan. 39-47.
Zukowska, J. & Biziuk, M. (2010). Methodological evaluation of method for dietary heavy metal intake. Journal of Food Science, 73, 21–29.
_||_Alloway, B. J. (2012). Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and Their Bioavailability. Springer. Berlin.
Arao, T., Kawasaki, A., Mori, S. & Baba, K. (2010). Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil and countermeasures in Japan. Paddy Water Environmental, 8, 47–257.
Ashja Ardalan, A., Salimi, L. & Khodadai, V. (2008) Determination of heavy metals (Hg, As, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd) in fish muscle tissue and sediments of Babolrood river, the first national conference on environmental protection and planning [In Persian].
Atafar, Z., Mesdaghinia, A., Nouri, J., Homaee, M., Yunesian, M. & Ahmadimoghaddam, M. (2010). Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration. Environmental Monitoring Assess, 160(1), 83-89.
Bakhtiarian, A., Gholipour, M. & Ghazi- Khansari, M. (2001). Lead and cadmium content of korbal rice in Northern Iran. Iranian Journal Public Health, 30 (3-4), 129-132.
Banitahmasb, G. & Khakipour, N. (2017) Cadmium Contamination in Rice Cultivation in Savadkooh Region, North of Iran. Open
Journal of Soil Science, 7, 69-76. doi: 10.4236/ojss.2017.73005.
Bin, G. C. H., Wenbin, T., Mingxing, X., Chunlei, H., Hanqin, Y., Yicheng, L. & Qinglin, F. (2020). Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in a soil-rice system: a case study in the Jin-Qu Basin of China. 11490. nature communications.
Brent Clothier, R. B., Bolan, N.S., Mahimairaja, S., Greven, M., Moni, Ch. & Marchetti, M. (2004). Arsenic in the New Zealand environment. Australian New Zealand Soils Conference, 5-9 December, University of Sydney, Australia. [CDROM].
Budaghi, H., Younesian, M., Mahvi, A. H., Mohammadi, M. A., Dehghani, M. H. & Nazmara, Sh. (2011). Investigation of arsenic, cadmium and lead in soil and groundwater and its relationship with chemical fertilizer in paddy soil. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 21, 20-28 [In Persian].
Emam, Y. (2004). Cereal cultivation. Shiraz University Press. Investigation of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in soil and groundwater and its relationship with chemical fertilizer in paddy soil [In Persian].
Gharachoorloo, M., Zulfiqar, A., Bayat, M. & Bahrami, F. (2019). Arsenic tracking in Iranian rice: Analysis of agricultural soil and water, unpolished rice and white rice. Journal of Food Biosciences and Technology, 9(1),19-34.
Hu, Y., Cheng, H. & Tao, S. (2016). The challenges and solutions for cadmium-contaminated rice in China: A critical review. Environmental International, 92–93, 515–532.
Jarup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Brit Med Bull. 68(1), 167.
Jung, M. C., Yun, S. T. & Lee, J. S. (2005). Baseline study on essential and trace elements in polished rice. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 27, 455.
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2000). Trace elements in soils and plants, 3rd edn. Newyork: CRC Press.
Kim, K. & Thornton, I. (1993). Influence of uraniferous black shales on cadmium, molybdenum and selenium in soils and crop plants in the Deog-Pyoun-g area of Korea. Environmental Geochemistry Health, 15, 119–133.
Lee, C. S., Li, X. & Shi, W. (2006). Metal contamination in urban, suburban, and country park soils of Hong.
Luo, L., Ma, Y., Zhang, S., Wei, D. & Zhu, Y. (2009). An inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China. Journal Environmental Management, 90, 2524–2530.
McCauley, A., Jones, C. & Jacobsen, J. (2009). Commercial fertilizers and soil amendments. Nutrition. Manage Module, 10, 4449-4410.
Malakooti, M. (1998). Achievements of Soil and Water Research Institute on Manure Manufacturing in Iran. Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran-Iran [In Persian].
Sparks, D. L., Page, A. G., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, Johnston, C. T. & Sumner, M. E. (1996). Methods of soil analysis, The Soil Science Society of America, Inc., American Society of Agronomy, Inc.
Molina, M., Aburto, F., Calderon, R., Cazanga, M. & Escudey, M. (2009). Trace element composition of selected fertilizers used in Chile: phosphorus fertilizers as a source of long term soil contamination. Taylor & Francis, 18(4), 497-511.
Mosaferi, F., Ahmadi, M., Poor Ramezani, F. & Abedi Arani, M. (2018). Investigation of heavy metal content including lead, arsenic and cadmium in imported rice of Hormozgan province in 2016-2017. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5 (2), 65-73 [In Persian].Mubaraki, A. R., Mirkazahi, A. & Safarzaie, A. (2014). Evaluation of cadmium, lead and arsenic in Pakistani white rice samples in Zahedan, 21st National Congress of Food Science and Technology of Iran, Shiraz University [In Persian].Naqdipour, E. & Fazlara, A. (2017). Comparison of Iranian rice in terms of heavy metals, the 3rd International Conference on Iranian Food Industry, https://civilica.com/doc/810675 [In Persian].
Norton, G. J., Williams, P. N. & Adomako, E. E. (2014). Lead in rice: Analysis of baseline lead levels in market and field collected rice grains. Science of the Total Environment, 485–486, 428–434.
Polizzotto, M. L., Kocar, B. D., Benner, S. G., Sampson, M. & Fendorf, S. (2008). Near-surface wetland sediments as a source of arsenic release to ground water in Asia. Nature, 454(7203), 505-508.
Rezaian Attar, F. & Hesari, J. (2014). Investigation of contamination of high consumption imported rice in Tabriz with metallic contaminants of cadmium, lead and arsenic, Journal of Food Industry Research, 23(4) [In Persian].
Watanabe, T., Shimbo, S., Moon, C. S., Zhang, Z. W. & Ikeda, M. (1996). Cadmium contents in rice samples from various areas in the world. Science of the Total Environment, 184, 191-196.
Zarcinas, B. A., Pongsakul, P., McLaughlin, M. J. & Cozens, G. (2004). Heavy metals in soils and crops in Southeast Asia, Thailand. Environmental Geochemistry Health, 26(4), 359-371.
Zazouli, M. A., Shokrzadeh, M., Izanloo, H. & Fathi, S. (2008). Cadmium content in rice and its daily intake in Ghaemshahr region of Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(20), 3686-3689.
Zazouli, M., Mohseni, A., Ebrahimi, M. & lzanloo, H. (2010). Investigation of Cadmium and Lead contents in Iranian rice cultivated in Babol region, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 22, 2, 1369-1376.
Zeng, F., Mao, Y., Cheng, W., Wu, F. & Zhang, G. (2008). Genotypic and environmental variation in Chromium, Cadmium and Lead concentrations in rice. Environmental Pollution. 153(2), 309-314.
Zhao, K., Fu, W., Ye, Z. & Zhang, C. (2015). Contamination and spatial variation of heavy metals in the soil-rice system in Nanxun County, Southeastern China. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 12(2), 1577-1594.
Zueng, Z. S. (1989). Cadmium and Lead contamination of soils, rice plants, and surface water in Northern Taiwan. Soil and Fertility. in Taiwan. 39-47.
Zukowska, J. & Biziuk, M. (2010). Methodological evaluation of method for dietary heavy metal intake. Journal of Food Science, 73, 21–29.
